高中英語代詞總復(fù)習(共9頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高中英語語法知識詞法部分講解-代詞及練習一.概念:代詞是代替名詞以及起名詞作用的短語、分句和句子的詞, 英語的代詞使用得很廣泛；漢語代詞用得較英語少許多。eg. Because he had a bad cold, Jack decided to stay in bed the whole day. The Browns said they might move to California. Bob always answers his teachers questions well; that shows that he works very hard at hom

2、e. I had a chat with our group leader. It was very helpful.二、代詞的種類：按其意義,特征及其在句中的作用分為:1.人稱代詞(personal pronoun) : 主格 : I you he she it we you they 賓格 : me you him her it us you them2.物主代詞(possessive pronoun) : 形容詞性 : my your his her its our your their 名詞性 : mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs3.反

3、身代詞 (reflexive pronoun) : 單數(shù) : myself yourself himself herself itself oneself 復(fù)數(shù) : ourselves yourselves themselves 4.相互代詞(reciprocal pronoun) : each other; one another5.指示代詞(demonstrative pronoun) : 單數(shù) : this that it such same 復(fù)數(shù) : these those such same6.疑問代詞(interrogative pronoun) : who ; whom; who

4、se; which; what 。7.關(guān)系代詞(relative pronoun) : who; whom; whose; which; that; as。8.不定代詞(indefinite pronoun) : some; something; somebody; someone; any; anything; anybody; anyone; no; nothing; nobody; no one; every; everything; everybody; everyone; each; much; many; little; a little; few; a few; other; a

5、nother; all; none; one; both; either; neither。三、相關(guān)知識點精講1.人稱代詞:1)人稱代詞的人稱、行、數(shù)和格,如下表所示 : 數(shù)人格稱單 數(shù)主 格第一人稱I 我第二人稱you 你第三人稱陽性陰性中性2)人稱代詞的指代:顧名思義,人稱代詞表示人。然而，人稱代詞并不全指人，也指物。eg. -Where are the plates? -They are in the cupboard.3)人稱代詞的功用:(i)有主格和賓格之分, 通常主格作主語,賓格作賓語。eg. I like table tennis. (作主語) Do you know him ?

6、 (作賓語)(ii) 人稱代詞還可作表語, 作表語時用賓格。 eg.-Who is knocking at the door? -Its me. (iii)人稱代詞后,如跟有who或that引導的從句,則常用主格。eg. Its I who did it.(iv) 人稱代詞單獨使用時, 一般不用主格而用賓格。 eg. -Id like to go back in here. -Me, too. -Will anyone go with him? -Not me.(v.) 人稱代詞在as和than之后與其他人或事物進行比較時, 如果用作介詞,用賓格。如果用作連詞，則用主格。eg. He is o

7、lder than me. / He is older than I am. Edward is as good a student as him./ You are taller than she is.(vi)在感嘆句中,人稱代詞賓格可用作主語,起強調(diào)作用。 eg. Me get caught！ Him go to the States！(vii) we和you可用作同位結(jié)構(gòu)的第一部分。也使用we 和you 泛指一般人 eg. We girls often go to the movies together. He asked you boys to be quiet.(viii) 使用s

8、he代表國家、船只、月亮、大地等 eg. China is a great countryShe has a long history(Xi) 并列主語或賓語中順序是：you，he(she) and I； we，you and theyeg：-I love you more than her, child . -You mean more than _love her or more than she loves_A. you；me B. I；you C. you；you D. I；me2. 物主代詞：1) 表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞.物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。2) 形容詞

9、性物主代詞的作用：(i) 形容詞性物主代詞相當于形容詞,可在句中作定語。eg.Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box.(ii) 與own連用其強調(diào)作用。eg. I saw it with my own eyes. Mind your own business! *如進一步強調(diào)可加very。 eg. Id love to have my very own room.*此結(jié)構(gòu)還可以與of連用。 eg. I have nothing of my own. The Wangs had no children of their ow

10、n.(iii) 形容詞性物主代詞有時可有定冠詞the代替。 eg. He received a blow on the head. A bee stung her on the nose. Hows the family?3)名詞性物主代詞的作用:(i)名詞性物主代詞的作用相當于名詞,在句中可用作主語,賓語和表語。eg. Our school is here, and theirs is there.(作主語) - Is this English-book yours? (作表語) - No. Mine is in my bag. (作主語) Ive already finished my h

11、omework. Have you finished yours? (作動詞賓語) Her daughter is rather stupid, but both of yours are very clever. (作介詞賓語)(ii) 用作禮貌用語。 eg. Yours sincerely (truly, faithfully). 您的忠誠的(忠實的,可以信賴的) 。(信尾) A Happy New Year to you and yours from me and mine.(iii) of + 名詞性物主代詞: 表部分概念 : eg. He is a friend of mine. /

12、 Is he a neighbor of yours? 構(gòu)成雙重所有格 有感情色彩 : eg. Look at that big nose of his! / This dog of ours never bites.3. 反身代詞:英語中用來表示我自己,你自己,他自己,我們自己,你們自己等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞,也有人稱之為自身代名詞。1)反身代詞的作用:(i)作動詞的賓語,表示動作的承受者就是動作的發(fā)出者,主語和賓語指同一個人或一些人。eg. He called himself a writer. Would you please express yourself in English?

13、She allowed herself a rest. You may hurt yourself if you play with the knife. We gave ourselves up. Little Tom is only four, but he can feed himself, wash himself and dress himself.(ii) 作介詞的賓語。 eg.The door opened of itself. You must keep the secret to yourself.*表位置的介詞后,反身代詞用人稱代詞賓格替代。eg. I looked aro

14、und me. He shut the door after him. The mother drew the children towards her.*在某些介詞之后,用反身代詞和人稱代詞賓格均可。eg. There are seven in the family besides me/ myself. Except for us/ourselves, the whole village was asleep. Sandras sister is even taller than her/ herself.(iv.)作表語。eg. It doesnt matter. Ill be myse

15、lf soon. The girl in the news is myself. That poor boy was myself. Bob is not quite himself today.(v.)作主語或賓語的同位語,表示親自或本人.eg. I myself washed the clothes.(=I washed the clothes myself.)(作主語同位語) You should ask the teacher himself.(作賓語同位語) / I myself can repair the bike. (作主語同位語)(vi.) 反身代詞與介詞的搭配用法: for

16、 oneself : 親自 eg. Youll have to see if he has gone to school for yourself. of oneself :自動地 eg. The computer can shut off of itself. in oneself :本質(zhì)、本身 eg. Jim is not bad in himself, but he is a little shy. / but hes so weak-minded. (優(yōu)柔寡斷) to oneself :獨自享用 eg. One would rather have a bedroom to onesel

17、f. by oneself (= alone; without help) :單獨地 eg. One cant play tennis by oneself. beside oneself : (由于氣憤/激動等)發(fā)狂; 忘形 eg. He was beside himself with joy when he heard he had passed the exam. between oneselves : 保密;不外傳 eg. Between ourselves, I think Mr. Smith has not quite got over his illness yet.(vii)

18、反身代詞與動詞的搭配用法: be oneself : 處于正常狀態(tài); 顯得自然 eg. She is quite herself today. Im not quite myself today我今天不大舒服。 enjoy oneself : 玩得愉快 eg. We all enjoyed ourselves at the party yesterday. Have you enjoyed yourself today? 你今天玩得愉快嗎？ seat oneself : 坐下 eg. Please seat yourselves, everybody! dress oneself in : 穿

19、 eg. She always dresses herself in red . help oneself : 隨便吃;自行取用 eg. The money was on the table and no one was there, so he helped himself to it. Dont get nervous，help yourself to what you like別緊張，喜歡吃什么就吃什么。 come to oneself : 蘇醒 eg. A moment later, he came to himself. make oneself at home : 不要客氣eg.

20、He made himself at home whenever he came to my home. Make yourself at home不要拘禮；請隨便吧。 devote oneself to: 專心于 ; 獻身于eg. My teacher devoted herself to English teaching. find oneself in/at : 發(fā)覺自己來到 eg. When he woke up, he found himself in hospital. apply oneself to : 專心致志于eg. You would pass your exams if

21、 you applied yourself to your study. adapt oneself to : 適應(yīng)于eg. It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings. think for oneself : 獨立思考eg. You should develop the good habit of thinking for yourself. absent oneself : 缺課、缺勤 eg. He had absented himself from the office for the day. behave

22、oneself : 使(自己)舉止良好eg. I want you to behave yourselves while Im away. boast oneself : 自夸eg. He is always boasting himself.4. 相互代詞:表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有each other 和one another兩種形式。在當代英語, each other和one another沒有什么區(qū)別。相互代詞的所有格分別為 each others 和 one anothers。1) 相互代詞的作用:(i)作賓語:eg. We should learn from eac

23、h other / one another. (作賓語) Do you often write to each other / one another? (作賓語)(ii) 定語.作定語用時,相互代詞用所有格形式.eg. We often borrow each others / one anothers books. (作定語) They looked into each others eyes for a silent moment. (作定語)The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their homew

24、ork. (iii) each 和other可分開使用。eg. Each of the twins wanted to know what the other was doing. Each tried to persuade the other to stay at home.5.指示代詞:1)指示代詞的形式 : this, that, these, those。 2) 指示代詞的含義 ：指示代詞與定冠詞和人稱代詞一樣,都具有指定的含義,它們所指的對象取決于說話者和聽話者共同熟悉的語境。 eg. I liked this movie today better than that concer

25、t last night.3) 指示代詞的作用:(i) 主語 eg.These arent my books. Whos that speaking? (ii) 賓語 eg. She will do that. How do you like these?(iii) 表語 eg. My point is this. 我的意思是這個。 Oh, its not that. 噢，問題不在那兒。(iv) 定語 eg. This book is about Chinese traditional medicine. I like those flowers.(v) 狀語 eg.The book is a

26、bout this thick.(“這么”表示程度) I dont want that much.4) this (these)與that (those) 的用法:(1) this(these)一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人; that和those則指時間和空間上較遠的事物或人。eg. This is a pen and that is a pencil. We are busy these days. In those days the workers had a hard time. Ill come to see you one of these days.(2) 有時that和

27、those指前面講到過的事物,this 和these則是指下面將要講到的事物。eg. I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English.(3) 有時為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞,?？捎胻hat或those代替。eg. Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.(4) this 在電話用語中代表自己,that

28、則代表對方。 eg. Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking？(5) 用于固定習語: like this : 像這樣 eg. I have never seen her like this before. this and that : 這那 eg. When the old friends met, they would talk about this and that. thats all right : (不用了)沒關(guān)系 eg.-I have a car outside. Ill give you a ride home. -Oh, that

29、s all right. It isnt much of a walk. for all that : 盡管如此 eg. It was May, but for all that the rain was falling as in the heaviest autumn downpours. more than that :更重要的的是 eg. She is young and beautiful. More than that, she is happy. and (all) that : ( BrE.) 等等 eg. Did you bring the contract and (all

30、) that? Thats why : 那就是為什么 eg. Im thinking of your future, you know. Thats why Im giving you a piece of advice. at that : eg. It was in the dead of the night, and a cold night at that. 那是深夜,而且是一個寒夜。 thats that : 就是這樣;就這樣定了 eg. Well Im not going , and thats that. that is ( to say) : 也就是說;即; 換句話說 eg.

31、Youll find her very helpfulif shes not too busy, that is.(6) Such 的用法:指示代詞such 意謂 “這樣”,具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì), 在句中可用作以下成分:(i) 主語 eg. Such is life. Such often occurred in those days.(ii) 賓語 eg. Take from the drawer such as you need. (iii) 表語 eg. The book is not such that I can recommend it. (iv) 賓語補語 eg. If you

32、 are a man, show yourself such.(v) 定語 eg. The foreign visitors said they had never seen such cities before. /Such men usually succeed.注意: such + a + n (單數(shù)) eg. He is such a hero.(vi) such as / such as : as 是關(guān)系代詞 eg. China has rich resources, such as oil, coal and iron. Such books as these are rare.

33、* such as to do sth. eg. His carelessness is such as to make it unlikely that he will pass his exam.(vii) such that : that 是連詞 eg. He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.比較: Here is such a big stone that no man can lift it. (that: conj. 引導結(jié)果狀語從句) Here is such a big stone as no man c

34、an lift. ( as : 關(guān)系代詞, 引導定語從句)(viii) such 用于固定詞組: no such eg. Ill do no such thing. / There is no such thing as a free lunch. and such: 諸如此類的事物/人 eg. Just before Christmas they wanted help with trees and such. any such : eg. Any such request is sure to be turned down. some such : eg. Some such story

35、was told to me years ago. every such : eg. On every such occasion dozens of people get injured. as such : 嚴格說來; 從字面上看 eg.-Well, did they offer it to you? -No, not as such, but they said I had a good chance. such as : 例如; 等等 eg. Opportunities such as this did not come every day. such as it is/they ar

36、e: (數(shù)量不多或質(zhì)量不好時說)雖說不多; 盡管不好 eg. The food, such as it was, was served at nine oclock.(IX) such引起倒裝句，謂語數(shù)取決于后面主語的數(shù)：e.g Such is my answer. Such are our people注意：做定語，注意和so 的區(qū)別，尤其是在so that， suchthat 句型中。e.g. I have never seen such beautiful flowers(復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，so 不可) I have never seen such a great film(也可為so gre

37、at a film) We have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing(不可數(shù)詞前，不可用so) /There are so many people in the hall that its hard for me to find him(在數(shù)量概念的many，much，little，few 之前，不可用such )(7) Same 的用法:指示代詞same意謂 “同樣”, 具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì),常與定冠詞連用,在句中作以下成分:(i) 主語eg. The same is the case wit

38、h me.(ii) 賓語 eg. We must all say the same.(iii) 表語eg. Its all the same to me.(iv) 定語eg. He always sits in the same chair.(v) 狀語eg. Thank you all the same. (vi) the same as/ the samethat 的用法: 比較: I dont feel the same about you as I did. 我現(xiàn)在對你的看法和過去不一樣了。 I live in the same district that(=as) he lives

39、in. 我和他住在同一個區(qū)。 I live in the same district that he lives.解析: 句中的as 不可換成 that，因為引導方式狀語從句。 that可換成as， 因為二者都是關(guān)系代詞。但是that是關(guān)系副詞則不可換成as。(vii) 用于固定習語 : all / just the same : 盡管如此; 雖是這樣 eg. I dont think hell wish to see me. But Ill come all the same. All the same, theres some truth in what she says. -Will y

40、ou stay for lunch? -No, but thanks all the same. much the same : 基本一樣 eg. -How is he today? -Much the same. be all the same to sb. : 對某人無關(guān)緊要/無所謂 eg. Its all the same to me whether we eat now or later. one and the same : 同一個人/事物 eg. It turns out that her aunt and my cousin are one and the same. 原來她姑媽

41、就是我表姐。 (the) same again : (spoken) 同樣地(飲料)再來一份 eg. Same again please! same here : (spoken) 我也一樣;我也是 eg. -I cant wait to see it. -Same here. (the) same to you : (回應(yīng)問候,辱罵等)你也一樣 eg.-Get lost! -Same to you!(8) So 的用法:指示代詞常作以下成分:(i) 賓語 eg. -I will write today. -Do so.(ii) 表語 eg. Be it so. 這樣就行。(iii) 用于省略

42、句 eg. -I dont like him. -Why so?= Why is that so? -Oh! Ive finished. -SO have I.(9) it 的基本用法: (1) 用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到過的事物。eg. Go and see who it is. -Who is that? -Its the postman. The train has arrived. It arrived half an hour ago.John likes playing Ping-pong/He always does it in the afternoon(指代上下文提到的事物)

43、；(2) 用以代替提示代詞this, that。 eg. Whats this? Its a knife. Whose watch is that? Its mine.(3) 起指示代詞的作用，指一個人或事物。 eg. Who is knocking at the door? Its me.(4) 指環(huán)境情況等。 eg. It was very noisy (quiet) at the very moment.(5) 指時間、季節(jié)等。 eg. What time is it? Its eight oclock. It often rains in summer here. It is gett

44、ing warmer and warmer Its very quiet at the moment(可指時間、天氣、環(huán)境等)(6) 指距離。eg. It is a long way to the school. How far is it from here to your home?(7) 作形式主語。 eg. It is not easy to finish the work in two days. It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is as pity that you didnt read the book. Its important

45、for us to learn a second languageIts no use talking to him Its known to all that the earth goes round the sun(8) 作形式賓語。 eg. I think it no use arguing with him. I found it very interesting to study English.He made it clear that he was not interested in that subject.We feel it our duty to help others

46、He made it clear that he would leave the city.(9) 用于強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：It is (was) +被強調(diào)部分that (或who) 注意: 在強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，如被強調(diào)部分為時間狀語或地點狀語，其后的連接詞也絕不能為when 或where，而應(yīng)用that 。在復(fù)習中，一定要注意句式的不同。eg. It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar(that引起強調(diào)句)It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar(where引起定從)It was twelve oclock w

47、hen we arrived there(when引起時間狀語從句) It was at twelve oclock that we arrived there(that 引起強調(diào)句)It was Xiaoming whom(that)I met in the street last night. It was in the street that I met Xiaoming last night.It was last night that I met Xiaoming in the street. It was I who met Xiaoming in the street last

48、night.(10) 含有“It is ”的句型 It is time (for sb.) to do sth. eg. It is time for us to put our heart into study. It is (high) time that sb. did sth.(虛擬語氣) eg. It is (high) time that we should study hard now/ we studied hard now. Its time we went home(11) It is + 形容詞（+of / for sb.）+ to do sth.通常用 of的詞有bra

49、ve, clever, careful, hopeless, kind, good, naughty, nice, silly, stupid, foolish, wise等。(12) It is + 形容詞 + that + sb. + (should) do sth.（虛擬語氣）eg. It is necessary that we should save our time to do something useful rather than play computer games all day. It was strange that he (should) come so early

50、.(13) It is the + 序數(shù)詞 + that + 主語 + 現(xiàn)在完成時 | It was + the+ 序數(shù)詞 + that + 主語 + 過去完成時eg. Its the first time that I have been here. It was the second time that he had seen the film.(14) It is up to sb. to do sth 應(yīng)由某人做某事。 eg. It is up to you to decide whether we start or not.6. 疑問代詞:疑 who : (主格,誰) 問 whom

51、:(賓格,誰) (只能指人) 它們都具有單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)概念。疑問代詞用于問句中，代 whose :(屬格,誰的) 一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。詞 what :(什么) (可指人或物) what 除指人與物外;還可以表示時間、數(shù)量等。which :(哪個, 哪些) 1) 疑問代詞的作用 :(i) 主語 eg. Who is going to come here tomorrow?(ii) 表語 eg. What is that ?(iii) 定語 eg. Whose umbrella is this ? (iv) 賓語 eg. Whom are you waiting for ?2) 疑問代詞引導間接疑問句 : eg. Tell me who he is. Do you know what his name is?3) 疑問代詞 (who; what; which ) + ever (=on earth) 加強語氣。 eg. Who ever are you looking for? What ever do you mean? Which ever do you want?4)各詞具體用法: 用于疑問句 : eg. Who put that light out? / Who told you so?(1) who: