ecology英語詞匯Word版

1、生態(tài)學(xué)詞匯：窗體頂端agroecology農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)學(xué)abundance豐度，豐富abiotic components非生物組分assimilate同化assimilation同化作用aquatic水生的，水域的，水棲的aquatic ecosystem水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)algae藻類，海藻ammonium氨age structure年齡結(jié)構(gòu)area effect面積效應(yīng)atmospheric cycle氣相型循環(huán)ammonification氨化作用acid rain酸雨acid deposition酸性沉降物asexual reproduction無性繁殖aquaculture水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖annual

2、weeds一年生草本abandoned field廢棄農(nóng)田alternative energy sources替代能源窗體底端 窗體頂端adaptation適應(yīng)alternative farming替代農(nóng)作adaptative radiation適應(yīng)輻射1 / 16aerobic respiration有氧呼吸agroforestry農(nóng)林業(yè)alien species外源種ancient forest原始森林altitude緯度anaerobic respiration無氧呼吸arable land耕地autotroph自養(yǎng)生物aphid蚜蟲boundary邊界biotic components

3、生物組分biotic population生物種群biotic community生物群落biomass生物量（用重量或能量單位表示）biome生物群系，區(qū)域性生物群落類型boreal forest北方針葉林beaver海貍窗體底端 窗體頂端biosphere生物圈biological nitrogen fixation生物固氮biological oxygen demand (BOD)生物需氧量biotic potential生物潛能（生殖潛能）biodiversity生物多樣性biogeochemical cycles生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán)biological magnification生物放大

4、作用biotrophic parasite活體寄生物biodegradable生物能降解的biological control生物防治biennials兩年生的biotic factors生物因子birth control生育控制broad-spectrum pesticides光譜殺蟲劑behavioral ecology行為生態(tài)學(xué)biocoenosis生物群落biotope（群落）生境cultivation栽培，馴養(yǎng)climate change氣候變化carbonhydrate碳水化合物窗體底端 窗體頂端carbon cycle碳循環(huán)Calcium carbonate碳酸鈣coral re

5、ef珊瑚礁carrying capacity環(huán)境容納量clumped dispersion成叢分布commensalism偏利作用competitive exclusion競爭排斥coevolution協(xié)同進化camouflage偽裝climax community頂極群落consumer消費者carnivores肉食動物canopy冠層coniferous forest針葉林convergent evolution趨同進化clear-cut采伐空地contour plowing等高耕作crop rotation作物輪作cowbird燕八哥carbon dioxide concentratio

6、n二氧化碳濃度窗體底端 窗體頂端cellulose纖維素closed system封閉系統(tǒng)coexistence共存courtship求偶（期）crude birth rate粗出生率compost有機肥料，堆肥continental ecosystem陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)distribution分布decomposition分解，腐爛，降解discipline學(xué)科degradation退化desertification沙化,荒漠化deciduous forest落葉林decomposer分解者detritus有機殘體density-independent controls非密度制約density-d

7、ependent controls密度制約distance effect距離效應(yīng)detritivore食碎屑者detrital food chain腐生食物鏈窗體底端 窗體頂端deforestation破壞植被；森林砍伐denitrification反硝化作用deepsea fishery深海漁業(yè)dominant species優(yōu)勢種dilution effect稀釋效應(yīng)ecological生態(tài)學(xué)的，生態(tài)的ecology生態(tài)學(xué)ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)environment環(huán)境environmentalism環(huán)境論，環(huán)境保護論ecologist生態(tài)學(xué)家，生態(tài)學(xué)者earthworm蚯蚓ecolo

8、gical efficiency生態(tài)效率entropy熵endothermic animal溫血動物,恒溫動物ectothermic animal冷血動物，變溫動物El Nino厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象estuary河口，江口ecosystem function生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能euphotic zone透光層窗體底端 窗體頂端ecological pyramid生態(tài)金字塔ecosystem value生態(tài)系統(tǒng)價值ecological niche生態(tài)位exponential growth 指數(shù)型增長energy flow能流environmental reservoir環(huán)境庫evaporation蒸發(fā)ecosy

9、stem modeling生態(tài)系統(tǒng)模擬environmental gradient環(huán)境梯度energetic trade-off能量平衡equilibrium平衡emergent挺水植物，突出樹叢epiphyte附生植物extinction滅絕exotic species外來種endangered species瀕于滅絕的物種ecotone群落交錯區(qū)ecotourism生態(tài)旅游external cost外部成本ecological crisis生態(tài)危機窗體底端 窗體頂端fungi真菌first law of thermodynamics熱力學(xué)第一定律food chain食物鏈food web食

10、物網(wǎng)flux流（量）fossil fuels化石燃料fixed action pattern固定行為模式fundamental niche基礎(chǔ)生態(tài)位feedback反饋fern蕨類植物flagship species旗艦種feedback loop反饋環(huán)floating-leaved aquatic plant浮葉水生植物gross primary productivity(GPP)總初級生產(chǎn)力grazing food chain草牧食物鏈geological uplifting地質(zhì)抬升greenhouse effect溫室效應(yīng)greenhouse gases溫室氣體green revolut

11、ion綠色革命guild共位群窗體底端 窗體頂端grasshopper蝗蟲genetic drift遺傳漂變global warming全球變暖geothermal power地?zé)崮躦eographic isolation地理隔離green manure綠肥genetic diversity遺傳多樣性hunter-gatherer society狩獵-采集社會herbivore草食動物hydrological cycle水循環(huán)habitat生境human intervention人類干擾humus腐殖質(zhì)hummingbird蜂鳥habitat fragmentation生境片段化heterot

12、roph異養(yǎng)生物herbcide除草劑hazardous waste有害廢物hydrosphere水圈homeostasis動態(tài)平衡窗體底端 窗體頂端interact相互作用irrigation灌溉individual level個體水平infrared spectrum紅外光區(qū)industrial nitrogen fixation工業(yè)固氮infiltration rate滲漏速度inverted ecological pyramid倒生態(tài)金字塔impermeable layer不透水層intraspecific competition種內(nèi)競爭interspecific competitio

13、n種間競爭intertidal zone潮間帶instinctive behavior先天性行為inshore fishery沿海漁業(yè)isotope同位素ice-cap冰蓋，冰帽intermediate disturbance hypothesis中度干擾假說inorganic fertilizer無機肥料interplanting間作integrated pest management綜合害蟲管理island biogeography島嶼生物地理學(xué)窗體底端 窗體頂端edge effect邊緣效應(yīng)indicator species指示生物infant mortality rate幼體死亡率in

14、tercropping間作invasive species入侵物種infectious disease傳染病keystone species關(guān)鍵種kinetic energy動能K-strategistsK-對策者landscape ecology景觀生態(tài)學(xué)Lindemann efficiency林德曼效率lynx猞猁，山貓life table生命表life expectancy平均壽命limiting resource限制性資源limiting factors限制因子logistic growth邏輯斯諦增長leafcutting ants切葉蟻leaching滲漏land-use plan

15、ning土地利用規(guī)劃窗體底端 窗體頂端law of tolerance耐性定律law of conservation of energy能量受恒定律Lyme disease萊姆關(guān)節(jié)炎病lithosphere巖石圈lentic ecosystem靜水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)management of ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)管理mycorrhizal fungi菌根真菌mineralization礦化作用marine system海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)methane甲烷mortality rate 死亡率mutualism互利共生maximum fatal temperature最高致死溫度mimicry擬態(tài)migra

16、tory birds候鳥maximum sustainable yield最大持續(xù)收獲量marginal cost邊際成本marginal benefit邊際收益microclimate微氣候（小氣候）matapopulation聯(lián)種群窗體底端 窗體頂端minimum viable population最小可生存種群nematode線蟲類natural resources自然資源net primary productivity (NPP)凈初級生產(chǎn)力nutrient cycle養(yǎng)分循環(huán)nitrogen cycle氮循環(huán)nitrogen-fixing bacteria固氮菌nitrate硝酸鹽n

17、eutral interaction中性作用nitrogen fixation氮固定nitrification硝化作用n-dimensional hypervolumen維超體積niche separation生態(tài)位分離necrotrophic parasite尸養(yǎng)寄生物nonpoint source pollutant非點源污染物nonbiodegradable 生物不能降解的native species本地種nature reserves自然保護區(qū)natural disasters自然災(zāi)害organism生物體，有機體窗體底端 窗體頂端overgrazing過度放牧organic matt

18、er有機質(zhì)open system開放系統(tǒng)overlapping generations世代重疊one-way flow 單向流動ozone layer臭氧層ozone hole臭氧空洞overexploitation過度開發(fā)利用overfishing過度捕撈optimal foraging theory最適捕食理論oscillation波動，擺動oligotrophic（水域）貧營養(yǎng)的Omnivores雜食動物oil spill漏油productivity生產(chǎn)力pathogen病菌，病原體pesticide殺蟲劑photosynthesis光合作用primary productivity初級生

19、產(chǎn)力photosynthetic efficiency光合效率窗體底端 窗體頂端predator捕食者，肉食動物praying mantis螳螂phytoplankton浮游植物permafrost永凍帶（土）phosphorus cycle磷循環(huán)parent material土壤母質(zhì)population demography種群統(tǒng)計學(xué)，人口統(tǒng)計學(xué)population density種群密度spatial distribution空間分布predation捕食parasitism寄生parasite寄主,寄生者parasitoid擬寄生物pioneer species先鋒種primary su

20、ccession原生演替prairies草原primary producer初級生產(chǎn)者precipitation降水（量）photochemical smog光化學(xué)煙霧population fluctuation種群波動窗體底端 窗體頂端periodic fluctuation周期性波動prey獵物preadapted預(yù)適應(yīng)的perennial weeds多年生草本positive feedback mechanism正反饋機制point source pollutant點源污染物power plant能源植物physiological ecology生理生態(tài)學(xué)photic zone透光層po

21、pulation dynamics種群動態(tài)protist原生生物resistance抗性，抵抗力regulation of ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的調(diào)控respiration呼吸作用,呼吸root nodule根瘤red tides赤潮random dispersion隨機分布resource partitioning資源配置（分配）realized niche實際生態(tài)位remote sensing遙感窗體底端 窗體頂端恢復(fù)生態(tài)學(xué)system系統(tǒng)stability of ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性soil erosion土壤侵蝕salinization鹽化（作用）solar ene

22、rgy太陽能second law of thermodynamics熱力學(xué)第二定律species diversity物種多樣性sable紫貂，黑貂seal海豹standing biomass現(xiàn)存生物量static life table靜態(tài)生命表survivorship curves存活曲線symbiosis共生(體)succession演替secondary succession次生演替structure of ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)sedimentary cycle沉積型循環(huán)surface runoff地表徑流soil acidification土壤酸化窗體底端 窗體頂端side effect副作用solid wastes固體廢物shifting cultivation遷徙耕作sexual reproduction有性繁殖sexual ma