職稱英語理工類閱讀理解新增文章譯文對應(AB級文章)

1、.*第三八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's TitanScientists say they have discovered hints of alien life1 on the Saturn's moon2. The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency,NASA3,analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini4,which pointed to,the existen

2、ce of methane-based form of life on Saturn's biggest moon.Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are"breathing" inTitan's dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen.They argue that hydrogen gets absorbed before hitting Titan's planet-like surface

3、covered with methane lakes and rivers. This,they say,points to the existence of some"bugs"5 consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth."We suggested hydrogen consumption because it's the obvious gas for life to consume on Titan,similar t

4、o the way we consume oxygen on Earth,"says NASA scientist Chris McKay."If these signs do turn out to be a sign of life,it would be doubly exciting because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth."To date,scientists have not yet detected this

5、 form of life anywhere,though there are liquid-water-based microorganisms on Earth that grow well on methane or produce it as a waste product. On Titan, where temperatures are around 90 Kelvin6(minus 290 degrees Farenheit),a methanebased organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its m

6、edium for living processes, but not water itself. Water is frozen solid on Titan's surface and much too cold to support life as we know it.Scientists had expected the Sun's interactions with chemicals in the atmosphere to produce a coating of acetylene on Titan's surface. But Cassini det

7、ected no acetylene on the surface.The absence of detectable acetylene on the Titan's surface can very well have a non-biological explanation,said Mark Allen,a principal investigator7 of the NASA Titan team."Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last ch

8、oice after all non-biological explanations are addressed,"Allen said. "We have a lot of work to do to rule out8 possible non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results."詞匯：Saturn /'sætn/ n土星 methane/'mi:ein

9、/ n甲烷，沼氣Titan/'taitn/ n土衛(wèi)六 acetylene/'setili:n/ n乙炔alien/'eiljn/ n外星人；adj外星球的；相異的 conservatism/kn's:vtizm/ n保守主義,守舊注釋：1.hints of alien life：外星生命跡象。2.the Saturn's moon：指土衛(wèi)六（Titan) 。3.NASA：美國國家航空航天局的縮寫4.spacecraft Cassini：卡西尼號探測器5.bugs：微生物。非正式口語表達，所以使用了引號。6.Kelvin：可翻譯成“絕對溫度”。 7.pri

10、ncipal investigator：研究項目負責人8.rule out：排除的可能性理工類B級 第三十八篇 土衛(wèi)六上發(fā)現了生命跡象科學家們說，在土衛(wèi)六上發(fā)現了外星生命跡象并宣布了這一發(fā)現。美國國家航空航天局(NASA)的研究者們對卡西尼號探測器所傳回來的數據進行了分析，數據表明，土星衛(wèi)星中最大的一顆衛(wèi)星有以甲烷為基礎的生命的存在跡象。據報道，科學家們已經找到了在土衛(wèi)六高濃度氫氣大氣層里“呼吸”的原始外星生命的線索。他們認為，氫氣在到達布滿甲烷河流湖泊的土衛(wèi)六類似行星一樣的表層前就已經被吸收了。這就證明在這個不及半個地球大小的衛(wèi)星表面有某種微生物在依靠氫氣生存。美國國家航空航天局的科學家Ch

11、ris Mckay說，“我們提出有氫氣的消耗，是由于它是土衛(wèi)六上生命賴以生存的顯而易見的氣體，就像我們地球上用氧氣呼吸一樣。如果這些跡象最終證明是生命的跡象，它會加倍令人興奮，因為它會代表完全不同于地球上水基生命的第二種生命?！睍r至今日，盡管地球上的依賴液體水的微生物在甲烷里生長良好或把它作為廢物排出，科學家在任何地方都沒有探測到這種生命的形式。在土衛(wèi)六上，絕對溫度達到90度(相當于攝氏-27315度)，依賴于甲烷的微生物不得不用某種液體物質作為生存的介質，這種液體不是水，水在土衛(wèi)六上會凍成冰塊，不能融化。我們知道，冰塊太冷不能維持生命?？茖W家們原指望太陽與大氣層中的化學物質相互作用會在土衛(wèi)六

12、上產生一層乙炔。但卡西尼號在它的表面沒有探測到乙炔。Mark Allen是美國宇航局土衛(wèi)六項目組的主要負責人，他說道，既然在土衛(wèi)六的表面沒有探測到乙炔，那就充分說明上面沒有生物。Allen說：“科學界的保守主義者們建議，要做出土衛(wèi)六上有生物的結論，首先必須對土衛(wèi)六上所有沒有生物的觀點做出回應；要排除土衛(wèi)六上可能沒有生物的觀點，我們任重道遠。極為可能的是，一種化學過程而非生物學能解釋這些結果?！?；練習：1 .What have scientists found about Saturn?A They have found a new moon orbiting Saturn.B They ha

13、ve found methane-based life on Saturn.C They have found methane-based life on Titan.D They have found earthlike life on a Saturn's moon.2. What do scientists say about Titan?A There are life clues there.B There is acetylene there.C Water on Titan exists in the form of ice.D Rivers and lakes ther

14、e contain life formls.3. To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life.(paragraph 5)What does"this formof life" refer to?A Water-based life.B Methane-based life.C Liquid-water-based microorganisms.D Gas-based life.4. What can be inferred from what Allen said?A Scientists have

15、different arguments over whether there is life on Titan.B Scientists all agree that there is life on Titan.C Scientists all suggest that a biological explanation is reasonable.D Scientists all agree that a non-biological chemical reaction is a possible explanation.5. Which of the following can repla

16、ce the title of this passage?A Earthlike Living Beings Found on Titan.B Finding of One More Moon of Saturn.C Titan,a New Satellite Found.D A different Life Form, a Possibility.答案與題解：1. C 短文的第一段提供了答案。該段告訴讀者，科學家在土星的衛(wèi)星土衛(wèi)六（ Titan ）上發(fā)現了生命的跡象，這些生命的存在是以甲烷為基礎的。2.A根據第二段“Scientists have reportedly discovered

17、clues showing primitive alien beings are'breathing' in Titan's dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen.”，說明土衛(wèi)六（Titan）有生命跡象。因此A是答案。3. B this form of life 指的是土衛(wèi)六（ Titan ）上以甲烷為生命基礎呼吸氫氣的生物，即該文討論的主題。4.A科學家至今對土衛(wèi)六是否存在生物有不同的觀點和解釋。Allen 說要做出土衛(wèi)六上有生物的結論，首先必須對Titan 上沒有生物的觀點做出回應；要排除土衛(wèi)六上可能沒有生物的觀點，我們還須付出

18、努力。所以只有A是正確選擇。5.D該短文的主題是，科學家在土衛(wèi)六（ Titan ）上發(fā)現了一種與地球生物不同的生命形式的跡象，即以甲烷為生命基礎呼吸氫氣的生物，但科學家還未能最后驗證這一發(fā)現。第四段中的一個句子能夠揭示該短文的主題：“If these signs do turn out to be a sign of life, it would bedoubly exciting because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth.”*第四十篇 Teaching

19、 Math, Teaching AnxietyIn a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at theUniversity of Chicagol1 Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and what female students learn:If a female teacher is uncomfortab

20、le with her own math skills, then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math."If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers2 in later grades, it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement3 said Levine. In other words,girls may e

21、nd up learning math anxiety from their teachers4. The study suggests that if these girls grow up believing that boys are better at math than girls are,then these girls may not do as well as they would have ifthey were more confident.Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult, teachers ca

22、n find certain subjects to be difficult to learn - and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone.Researchers use the word "anxiety" to describe such feelings: anxiety is uneasiness or worry.The new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math, that fee

23、ling can influence how her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls,52 boys and 17 first- and second-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year, and the researchers compared the scores.

24、The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turned to the teachers:To find out which teachers were anxious about math,the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across mat

25、h, such as when reading a sales receipt5. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt, for example,was probably anxious about math.Boys,on average,were unaffected by a teacher's anxiety. On average,girls with math-anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math

26、tests than other girls in the study did.Plus,on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy,20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math - and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety."This is an interesting study,but

27、the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger sample6," said David Geary,a psychologist at the University of Missouri7 in Columbia.詞匯：snowbal雪球；滾雪球式增長的事replication重復，復現注釋：1. University of Chicago：芝加哥大學。2. keep getting math-anxious female teachers：一直由

28、對數學有焦慮感的女教師教授數學。3. snowball effect on their math achievement：在數學成就上的雪球效應。4. end up learning math anxiety from their teachers：最后從老師那里獲得的是對數學的焦慮。5. sales receipt：銷售清單6. in need of replication with a larger sample：需要用更大的調查樣本進行重復驗證。7. the University of Missouri：密蘇里大學。第四十篇 教數學，教焦慮在最新一項關于小學生學數學的研究中，芝加哥大學的

29、心理學家Sian Beilock和Susan Levine 發(fā)現，女教師的想法和女學生的學習之間有著驚人的聯系：如果女教師對自己的數學能力感到焦慮，她的女學生很可能認為男孩子數學比女孩學得更好。"如果一直由對數學有焦慮的女教師教授數學，就會對她們的數學成績產生雪球效應"，Levine說。換言之，女孩子們最后從老師那里獲得的是對數學的焦慮。該研究表明，如果女孩子們在一個認為男孩比女孩數學好的環(huán)境中成長，那么她們的數學可能會不如在更自信的狀態(tài)下學得好。如同學生，教師也會覺得某些學科難學和難教，這就是研究者所言的"焦慮"：不自在或擔心。此研究發(fā)現，教師對數學的

30、焦慮能夠傳染給她的女學生們。該研究的研究對象包括65個女孩，52個男孩和17位在中西部教一二年級的教師。學生們在學年的開始和結束時都進行數學測試，研究者們比較得分。研究者們測試學生是否認為數學明星一定會是男孩。然后研究者們測試教師，試圖找出哪些教師對數學感到焦慮，研究者們問教師們當碰到數學問題諸如閱讀銷售清單時的感受，如果一位教師一看到銷售清單的數字就感到緊張，那么她很可能對數學存在焦慮。平均來說，教師的焦慮不會影響到男孩子。但是，一般說來，如果教女孩子的教師有數學焦慮癥，那么女孩子們在學年結束時測試得分比其他的女孩要低。另外，在關于是否認為數學明星應該是男孩的測試中，有20個女孩認為男孩數學

31、比女孩好，這20個女孩的老師都是女性，且都患有數學焦慮癥。來自密蘇里大學的心理學家David Geary說"這是一個有趣的研究，但是這只是初步結果，需要用更大的調查樣本進行重復驗證"。練習：1. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph?A Girls comfortable with their own math skills are better than boys at math.B Girls uncomfortab

32、le with their own math skills are not as good as boys at math.C Female teachers' math skills have influence over girl students' math skills.D Female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.2. What is implied in the third paragraph?A Math teachers,li

33、ke math learners,do not like the subject due to its difficulty.B A difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject.C Teachers are more anxious teaching math than their students learning math.D Math is so difficult that no teachers like to teach it.3. According

34、 to the experiment,those teachers were probably anxious about math when they feltA nervous memorizing the numbers of a sales receipt.B helpless saving the numbers of a sales receipt.C uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.D hopeless filling in the numbers of a sales report.4. The sixth parag

35、raph tells us that the research findingsA prove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students' mathachievements.B show that male students are less likely to be affected by their math anxiety than femalestudents.C provide strong evidence that math superstars ar

36、e more likely to be males than females.D discover a strong link between teachers' math anxiety and their students' math achievements.5. David Geary thinks thatA the study is interesting but it is based on unreliable research process.B the research results need to be retested based on a large

37、r sample.C the research results need to be reinterpreted to be meaningful.D the study is well based and produces significant results.答案與題解：1.D 該段告訴我們女教師的想法（what female teachers think）和女學生的學習（what femalestudents learn）之間有很大的關聯度，也就是說，女教師如果對自己的數學技能沒有自信，她的女學生很可能相信男孩子會在數學方面超過女孩子。2.B 第三段的大意是，數學對任何人來說都可能有難

38、度（The subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone)，如同學生，教師也會覺得數學難學和難教，這就是研究者所言的焦慮。所以，可以推斷，作者是要告訴我們，教師會因為數學這門學科的難度而對教授該課程不自信。其他選項都不是該段所要表達的內容。3.C 第五段第三句“To find out which teachers were anxious about math, the researchers askedthe teachers how they felt at times when they came across ma

39、th,such as when reading a salesreceipt”指出了答案。memorizing the numbers；意為“記住數字”；saving the numbers意為“保存數字”；filling in the numbers意為“陸續(xù)編入數字”，而且文中沒有提到a sales report；它們均不是答案。4.A 短文的第六段是對前一段所述調查數據結果的討論，即，男學生較少受對數學有焦慮感的教師影響，而那些數學成績較低的女生都有對數學有焦慮感的教師（girls with math-anxiousteachers scored lower on the end-of-

40、the-year math tests)，而且，所有認為男生數學肯定比女生強的女生，其數學教師都是有數學焦慮感的女教師（all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety. )。D所以不是正確的選擇，因為只提到teachers 和students,而不是female teachers 和female students。5.B 根據David Geary的說法，實驗結果還是初步的（preliminary)，需要更大的樣本對其進行重復驗證（in need of replication with a l

41、arger sample)。他沒有認為該實驗的過程不可靠，所以A不是正確選項；他認為實驗樣本不夠大，所以D也不是正確選項。+第四五篇 Small But WiseOn December 14,NASA1 blasted a small but mighty telescope into space. The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan. Don't let its small size fool you:WISE has a powerful digital camera, and

42、 it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects2 in the knownuniverse,including asteroids,faint stars,blazing galaxies3 and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born."I'm very excited because we're going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven't seen bef

43、ore,"said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.Since arriving in space,the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth,held by gravity in a polar orbit4(this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap5).Its camera is pointed outward,away from the Earth,and

44、WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes. After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.The pictures taken by WISE won't be like everyday digital photographs,however. WISE stands for"Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer."As its name s

45、uggests,the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation6.Radiation is energy that travels as a wave. Visible light, including the familiar spectrum of light7 that becomes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation. When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a

46、 tree,for example,it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree. When these waves enter the camera through the lens,they're processed by the camera,which then puts the image together.Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light, so ordinary digital

47、cameras don't see them,and neither do the eyes of human beings. Although invisible to the eye,longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.That's a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can't. Not everything in the universe shows up in visibl

48、e light. Asteroids,for example,are giant rocks that float through space 一but they absorb most of the light that reaches them. They don't reflect light,so they're difficult to see. But they do give off infrared radiation, so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of th

49、em. During its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.Brown dwarfs8 are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISE's pictures. These objects are"failed" stars 一which means they are not massive enough to jump start9 the same kind of reacti

50、ons that power stars such as the sun. Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down. They're so dim that they're almost impossible to see with visible light, but in the infrared spectrum they glow.理工類A級 第四十五篇 小而聰明12月14日，美國國家航空航天局發(fā)射了一個體積小而威力大的望遠鏡，它的名字叫“WISE”(聰明)，大約只有一個垃圾盒子那么寬。你可千萬不要輕視這個小東西

51、，WISE可是一款高強數碼相機，它將在人類已知的宇宙里拍攝任何你所能想到的天體，包括小行星、那些只能看到微弱的光和因燃燒而無法觀察到的天體，以及自行星和恒星誕生以來的巨大塵埃云。Ned Wright是主持WISE項目的科學家，他說：“我十分興奮，因為我們就要看到以前從未看到過的那部分宇宙”。到達宇宙空間后，WISE由于受極地軌道重力作用，一直在圍繞地球旋轉。(這意味著，每轉一圈，它就離南極和北極靠近)。它的鏡頭是向外的，遠離地球。每11分鐘WISE就會抓拍天空一個不同的部分。六個月之后，它將把整個天空拍攝完。 然而，WISE拍攝的相片不會像我們日常的數碼相片。WISE是Wide-field I

52、nfrared Survey Explorer(廣域紅外戡測探測器)的縮寫。正如名字所示，WISE能拍到發(fā)出紅外線輻射物體的相片。輻射是波浪狀行進的一種能量。人能看到的光，包括大家熟悉的、在彩虹里看到的光譜就是射線的一個例子。當普通的數碼相機給一棵樹照相時，它能接收到樹反射回來的、可見的光波。光波通過鏡頭進入到相機里，相機對它進行加工，然后把圖像合成。紅外線的波長比可見光長，所以，普通的數碼相機捕捉不到他們，人眼也看不到這種射線。盡管人們看不到，人的皮膚能感受到較長紅外線帶來的溫暖。這就是為什么WISE能捕捉到其他望遠鏡看不到的物體的主要原因。宇宙中，不是所有的東西都以可見光的方式呈現出來。例

53、如，小行星是在太空中漂浮的大巖石，但是小行星吸收射到他們表面的大部分光。他們不能反射光，所以要看到他們很困難。但他們卻釋放出紅外線，所以，象WISE這樣的紅外線望遠鏡才能夠捕捉到它們的圖像。WISE的任務就是拍攝成千上萬的小行星圖像。 WISE的另一任務是為另外一種太空深處的天體一褐矮星拍照。這種天體是“失敗的”恒星，它們是一些不夠大，不能像太陽的能量那樣啟動相同的反應。褐矮星只能縮小和冷卻。他們發(fā)出的光如此之微弱，人們根本看不到，但是在紅外頻譜中，它們是發(fā)光的。練習：1 .What is so special about WISE?A It is small in size but carr

54、ies a large camera.B It is as small as a trashcan.C Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.D Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.2. Which is NOT the synonym for the word "snap" in the third paragraph?A make.B shoot.C takeD photograph.3.

55、The camera on WISEA is no different from an ordinary camera.B does not see infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does.C catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.D reflects light that human eyes can see.4. Which of the following is NOT correct about"asteroids"

56、; according to paragraph 7?A Asteroids float through space giving off visible light.B Asteroids do not reflect light that reaches them.C It is difficult to take asteroids' pictures by ordinary cameras,D The WISE telescope can take pictures of asteroids5.What is implied in the last paragraph?A Br

57、own dwarfs give off visible light.B Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.C Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun.D Brown dwarfs are impossible to see with the WISE telescope.答案與題解：1. C 短文的第一和第二段提供了答案。WISE 的特殊之處就在于，雖然體積小，但它的數碼相機能拍到任何天體，所以能夠幫助天文學家觀測到宇宙空間中（ in the known universe ）的未知天文現象。其他選項都不

58、是短文表達的意思。2. A snap 是個多義詞，可以解釋為“拍照”，更為確切的意思是“拍快照”。這里shoot, take 和photograph 都是snap 的同義詞。3. C 短文第六段和第四段提供了答案。人類的肉眼和普通相機看到的光是visible lights ，看不見紅外線輻射（ infrared radiation) ，而WISE 的相機能夠看到。4. A 短文第七段第二句說并非所有的宇宙中的物體都會發(fā)出可見光，比如asteroids ，所以A是正確選項。其他選項的內容都可以在該段中找到。5. B 最后一段的第一句說，褐矮星能出現在WISE 照片中，根據上文對WISE 望遠鏡的

59、描述只有WISE 望遠鏡才能拍到紅外線射線，所以B是正確選擇。詞匯：trashcan垃圾箱 infrared紅外線asteroid小行星 dwarf矮星注釋：1.NASA （美國國家航空航天局）是縮寫詞2. the wildest objects ：任何你能想象得到的天體。3. faint stars, blazing galaxies：指的是那些只能看到微弱的光和因燃燒而無法觀察到的天體。4. polar orbit：極地軌道。 5. lap：一圈。6. infrared radiation：紅外線輻射7. spectrum of light：光譜8. Brown dwarfs：褐矮星 9.jump start: 啟動+第四十六篇 Ants Have Big