英語議論文寫作類型歸納(全面歸納)

1、- 1 -英語議論文分類英語議論文分類1. 問題解決型：問題解決型：對某一對某一問題問題/ /話題進行分析話題進行分析, ,找出找出解決解決辦法辦法, ,表達自己的看法表達自己的看法. .寫作寫作模板模板問題解決型問題解決型-對對某一某一問題問題/話題話題進行分析進行分析,找出找出解決解決辦法辦法,表達自己表達自己的看法的看法.第一段：第一段：Nowadays，we have to face a problem that(問題)/Nowadays，more and more people are concerned about the problem(問題)/It is important f

2、or us to(問題).For instance_(例一)First，_(原因一).Moreover，_(例二)Second，_(原因二)第二段：第二段：People have figured out many ways to solve the problem/Confronted with(問題)we should take a series of effective measures to cope with thesituationFirstly，_(解決方法一)Secondly，_(解決方法二)第三段：第三段：1)Personally，I believe that_(我的方法)/T

3、o me，I am taking two ways to solve the problem of(問題)One of them is _(我的方法)The other way is_(方法二)By now ways have been working perfectly and efficient1y(結(jié)果)2)第四段第四段：In conclusion/In a word/To sum up/In summary/Obviously/Its clear that/Its no doubtthat.要求考生列舉出解決問題的多種途徑 問題現(xiàn)狀 怎樣解決(解決方案的優(yōu)缺點)第一段：闡述問題第一段：

4、闡述問題In recent days, we have to face the problem X, which is becoming moreand more serious. First, -(說明的現(xiàn)狀)Second, -(舉例進一步說明現(xiàn)狀)第二段：大家的解決方法第二段：大家的解決方法Confronted with X, we should take a series of effective measuresto cope with the situation. For one thing, -(解決方法一). For another thing,-(解決方法二). Finally

5、, -(解決方法三).Personally, I believe that -第三段：我的方法第三段：我的方法(我的解決方法). Consequently, Im confident that a bright future isawaiting us because -(帶來的好處).- 2 -問題解決型模板一問題解決型模板二問題解決型模板三TOPIC With the _ of _, _. So it is of great importance forus to _. On one hand, _. On the other hand, _.TOPIC There has been a

6、discussionrecently about _. It is true to the present situationthat _. But _.TOPIC Nowadays, there is a growingconcern on _. It is certain that _. However, _ However, we have figured outmany ways to _. Firstly, _. So long as _. Secondly, _ Thirdly, _. As is known to all, there are manyways _. First

7、of all, _. Furthermore, _. Last but not least, _It will cause many seriousresults if _. Firstly, _. Secondly, _ Finally, _. In fact, _.11. That is because _.12. In a word, _. So it is high time for us to _. That is because _. Secondly, _.11. Thirdly, _.12. In conclusion, _In spite of all these, ther

8、e arestill many ways _. First of all, _. In addition, _.11. Thirdly, _.12. Only in this way, _.- 3 -2. 現(xiàn)象解釋現(xiàn)象解釋型：型：首段：現(xiàn)象描述主段：說明出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的理由或該現(xiàn)象的具體體現(xiàn)形式尾段：提出建議或措施Problems of trafficA.many drivers do not obey regulation.B.there is air pollution and noise pollution.C.every day there are many traffic jams.S

9、olutionsA.to issue stricter traffic laws and regulations.B.to raise the public awareness of the traffic regulations.C.to encourage more people to use transportation.現(xiàn)象解釋型模板一現(xiàn)象解釋型模板二現(xiàn)象解釋型模板三TOPICRecently, _.What amazes us most is _.It is true that _.TOPICAs is known to all, _._ seem to get accustomed

10、to_.In fact, _.TOPICNowadays, _.For one thing, _.For another, _It is obvious that _.There are many reasonsexplaining _.The main reason is _.What is more, _.Thirdly, _.As a result, _.The reasons of _ lie inseveral aspects.Firstly, _.Secondly, _.Thirdly, _.Finally, _Many remarkable factorscontribute t

11、o _First of all, _.In addition, _.Finally, _.Considering all these, _.For one thing, _.11. For another, _.12. In conclusion, _.As a matter of fact, _.On the one hand, _.11. On the other hand, _.12. Therefore, _.As to me, _As we know, _.11. Besides, _12. In a word, _.現(xiàn)象解釋型敘事類模板現(xiàn)象解釋型圖表類模板一現(xiàn)象解釋型圖表類模板二T

12、OPIC It so happened that _. Just at the moment, _. It impressed me mostbecause_.TOPIC As is clearly shown in thechart/table/figure/ graph, _. Especially_.There are three reasons for_.TOPIC The table/graph/figure/chartshows that _. It is self-evident that _. Three possible reasonscontribute to _. Wha

13、t happened was _. At first, _. Almost at the same time,_. Whats more, _. As a result, _. To begin with, _. In addition, _. For example,_. Last but not least, _ In short, _. One reason is that _. Another reason is that _. For instance, _. Whats more, _. As a result, _. As I understand, _. On the one

14、hand, _.11. On the other hand, _.12. Therefore, _. As far as I am concerned/As forme/For my part, _. On one hand, _.11. On the other hand, _.12. In brief, _. However, in my opinion,_. For one thing,_.11. For the other thing, _.12.To sum up, In conclusion, _.- 4 -3. 對比論述型對比論述型：不同觀點不同觀點對比對比-列舉列舉理由理由-然

15、后然后自己的觀點自己的觀點.第一段：Some people tend to think that_(觀點一)They point out that_(理由一)Additionally，_(理由二)A case in point is_(舉例)Therefore_(小結(jié))第二段：On the contrary，other people hold the view that_(觀點二)They argue that_(理由一)Whats more_(理由二)As an illustration，_(舉例)Accordingly，_(小結(jié))第三段：As far as I am concerned，(

16、I think) _(我的觀點)The reason is that_(理由一)And also，_(理由二)第四段：So，_ (總結(jié)自己的觀點)對比論述型模板一對比論述型模板二對比論述型模板三TOPIC There is a heated debate over_.It is commonly accepted that _.In contrast, others _.TOPIC Recently, we may hear quitedifferent opinions _.Most people take it for grantedthat _.However, others hold

17、_.TOPIC Different people will offer quitedifferent ideas _. Many people assert _. However, others believe _.Those who hold the firstopinion suggest _. In their view, _. However, others think _. They argue that _. A dominant idea is that _. In this view, _. Nevertheless, the objectors think_. They ar

18、gue that _. Some may proclaim _. They maintain such as ideabecause _. In contrast, the objectors think_. They argue that _. Considering one after another,Istand on the side of _. First of all, _. Further more, _.11. Thirdly, _.12. Therefore, _ As to me, I prefer _ On the one hand, _. On the other ha

19、nd, _.11. Therefore, _.12. In conclusion, _.As far as I am concerned, Iagree to _. First, _. Second, _.11. Last but not least, _.12. In a word, _.- 5 -4. 說明利弊型：說明利弊型：AdvantagesAdvantages & & DisadvatagesDisadvatages可按：引出問題-分析利弊優(yōu)劣-提出個人觀點/并說明應(yīng)如何正確對待第一段：提出問題with the society developing, has beco

20、me popular .Nowadays ,there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) .In fact ,thereare both advantages and disadvantages in .Nowadays many people prefer .Because it has a significant role in our dailylife.Recently the issue of whether or not .has been in the limelight and has arousedwide conce

21、rn in the public.There are two major arguments that can be made for .For one thing ,.canbring .to .For another ,it is widely hold that people usually .when.But we must not lose sight of the fact that there are also drawbacks to .Forinstance ,it can be .Besides.第二段：分析問題Thosewhoareinfavorofclaimthatit

22、hasalotofadvantages.Firstly.Secondly,Besides(in addition).Last but not least,.Those who are opposed to .think that there are many disadvantages.In the firstplace.,in the second place ,. Lastly(Finally).Generally speaking,it is widely believed there are several positive aspects asfollows .Firsrly ,Se

23、condly ,.Just as a famous saying goesevery coin has twosides .is no exception .Itstill has negativeaspects.To begin with,Inaddition .Generally ,its advantages can be seen as follows.First ,second,besides.But every coin has two sides .The negativeaspects are also apparent. ONe of theimportant disadva

24、ntages is the .To make things worse,.第三段：提出個人觀點As far as I am concerned ,the advantages of .outweigh its disadvantages.First,Second , Third ,Besides .To sum up ,we should try to bring the advantages of .into full play,and reducethe disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case ,we will

25、definitelymake a better use of the.Through the above analysis,I believe that the positive aspects overweigh thenegative ones .Therefore I would like to .From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of . we shouldtry to reduce its negative effects.Only in this way ,.第一段：某觀點某觀點/某件事某

26、件事/某現(xiàn)象有利某現(xiàn)象有利(列舉好處列舉好處)Whenever we hear people say that_(主題)wellinstantly have the idea that it is a goodbad thing for_(某人)Indeed，_(主題)have advantages to_(某人)We can take_(舉例)as an exampleIt will benefit_(好處一)In addition_(好處二)第二段：也有弊也有弊(列舉弊端列舉弊端)In the mean time，we must realize those disadvantages of

27、_(主題)First of all，_(壞處一)Second,_(壞處二)第三段：應(yīng)如何正確對待應(yīng)如何正確對待To sum up the above arguments，I think a proper attitudetowards_(主題) is that_(我的觀點)- 6 -5. 對立觀點型：對立觀點型：對立觀點式對立觀點式A有人認為 X 是好事，贊成 X， 為什么？B有人認為 X 是壞事， 反對 X，為什么？C我的看法。Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X.They point out the fact that _支持 X

28、的第一個原因。They also argue that _支持 X 的另一個原因。However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do X.They firmly point out that _反對 X 的第一個理由。An example can give the details of this argument: _一個例子。There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of X overweigh

29、the disadvantages.In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一個壞處。批駁觀點式批駁觀點式A一個錯誤觀點。B 我不同意。Many people argue that _錯誤觀點。By saying that, they mean _對這個觀點的進一步解釋。An example they have presented is that _一個例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group o

30、f Y, almost 80% of them _贊成這個錯誤觀點或者受到這個錯誤觀點的影響） 。There might be some element of truth in these peoples belief.But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that _與錯誤觀點相反的觀點。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.對比觀點題型題型一： 要求論述兩個對立的觀點并給出自己的看法。1 有一些人認為。2 另一些人認為。3 我的看

31、法。The topic of X-（主題）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides ofopinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason-（支持 A 的理由一）What is more Moreover,While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,. S

32、econdly(besides). Thirdly (finally),.From my point of view, I think -（我的觀點）. The reason is that -(原因). As a matterof fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the formerlatter is surely a wisechoice .題型二： 給出一個觀點，要求考生反對這一觀點Some people believe that - （觀點一） . For example, they th

33、ink - （舉例說明）And it will bring them -(為他們帶來的好處).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,-(我不同意該看法的理由一). For another thing, -(反對的理由之二)Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that -(總結(jié)我對文章所討論主題的看法)- 7 -6. 你的觀點型：你的觀點型：此類型要求考生對某一現(xiàn)象或觀點表明自己的看法和觀點。題目特點：A.express yo

34、ur opinion about.B.How do you think about.C.Whats your opinion about.Eg.many people think that nowadays people are being subjected to more and morepressure in their work ,and thus are having less and less time to relax.To what extentdo you agree or disagree?Eg:Some people think that the animals shou

35、ldd be treated as pets;others think thatanimals are sources of food and clothing.What is your opinion?寫作策略：第一段：明確表態(tài)，讓閱卷老師知道你的觀點第二段：可以采用一邊倒的寫法。從單方面論述，用具體的理由支持所提出的觀點。如果有讓步段，在篇幅上，你支持的觀點段要明顯多于你不支持的觀點段。第三段：重申首段的觀點，最好換一種表達方式，不要和首段的觀點機械重復(fù)注意：開門見山盡量采用兩個方面去寫，但要做到有主有次，你支持的觀點段落要明顯多于你不支持的觀點篇幅。7. 一分為二型：一分為二型：從兩方面

36、去分析一個問題,然后闡述自己的觀點.第一段：Nowadays more and more people/plays an important part in.like everything else, has/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects/bothadvantages and disadvantages. Generally, the favorable aspects/advantages canbe listed as follows.第二段：Firstly,. Secondly,In addition/Whats more第三段：

37、Every coin has two sides. The negative aspects/disadvantages are alsoapparent/obvious. To begin with; To make matters worse; Worse of allConclusion第四段：Through above analysis/All things considered, we can see that the positiveaspects/advantages outweigh the negative ones/disadvantages. Therefore- 8 -

38、8. 兩者選一型：兩者選一型：分析兩種事物的優(yōu)劣勢,闡述自己的觀點.“兩者選一”類作文范例 健康與財富(Health and Wealth)提示: 健康與財富哪個更重要一直是一個熱門話題(hot topic),請簡述你的觀點. 哪里住更好(Where to live?)提示: 有的人喜歡往城里擠,有的人喜歡往鄉(xiāng)下搬. 各有所好,孰是孰非,你以為如何?模式:A、B 兩者優(yōu)劣勢分析,要么選 A,要么選 B.第一段：Some people hold the opinion that (A) is superior to (B) in many ways. Others,however, argue

39、that (B) is much better. Personally, I would prefer (A) because I think(A) has more advantages.第二段：There are many reasons why I prefer (A). The main reason is that Anotherreason is that(贊同 A 的原因)第三段：Of course, choosing (B) also has advantages to some extent, (列出 12 個 B的優(yōu)勢)第四段：But if all these factor

40、s are considered, (A) is much better than (B). fromwhat has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that (總結(jié)觀點)模式: A、B 優(yōu)勢相當(dāng),依情況而定,有條件地選擇 A 或 B.第一段：Which would you prefer if you are faced with the choice between (A) and (B)?Before you make the decision, you had better make a close co

41、mparison.第二段：It is true that(選擇 A 的優(yōu)勢之一). It is also true that(選擇 A 的優(yōu)勢之二). But(選擇 A 的劣勢).第三段：Though.(選擇 B 的劣勢), (選擇 B 的優(yōu)勢之一). Furthermore, (選擇 B 的優(yōu)勢之二).第四段：Therefore, if you, you should choose (A), but if you, you should choose(B). (總結(jié)觀點,提出建議)- 9 -9. 圖表型：圖表型：看圖（表）作文通過閱讀圖表中的數(shù)字與項目得出一個結(jié)論或形成一種看法下列表格為某市

42、 1996 年與 2006 年人們度假方式的情況比較，請按表格內(nèi)容寫一篇 150 詞左右的短文，并對度假方式變化原因加以簡要評析。年度19962006原因境外旅游11%22%收入增加海邊度假38%31%海水污染爬山野營11%34%回歸自然The way people spend their holidays changed a lot from1996 to 2006.范文：The way people spend their holidays changed a lot from 1996 to 2006.The table shows that a greater number of pe

43、ople spent their holidays travelingabroad in 2006. The rate of 2006 (22%) doubled that of 1996 (11%). We are surethat the number will increase because with their incomes rising, more people canafford the journeys abroad. At the same time, the seaside attracted a lot of people.However, the rate sligh

44、tly dropped from 38% in 1996 to 31% in 2006, the reasonfor which lies in the fact that sea water is being polluted. The polluted seasideis likely to drive more visitors away.The year 2006 saw a sharp increase in the number of people who went climbingand camping. The rate in 2006 (34%) was more than

45、three times that in 1996 (11%).The reason is that more and more people are eager to get close to nature.圖表描述應(yīng)注意的問題:1) 要突出重點,抓住圖表中的極端點。如：最大或最小、最多或最少、最好和最差。2）總趨勢的描述必須準(zhǔn)確，要看出總的規(guī)律、趨勢，抓住特征。3）圖表往往提供大量數(shù)據(jù)，應(yīng)仔細觀察分析，從中選擇有效信息，圖表上資料、數(shù)據(jù)的描述必須選擇重點，不能事無巨細，一一列出。圖標(biāo)類經(jīng)典句子：1）As is shown in the table. 如表格所示.2）From the tabl

46、e/chart/diagram/figure, we can see clearlythat.or it isclear/apparent from the chart that. 從圖表我們可以很清楚（明顯）看到.3）The diagram shows (that). 該圖向我們展示了.4) The table/chart diagram/graph/ figures/statistics shows(that)5) According to the table/chart diagram/graph6) As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram

47、/graph/figures,7)It can be seen from the figures/statistics8)We can see from the figures/statistics圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)（Data）具體表達法增加：increase / raise / rise / go up .減少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall / decrease.波動：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave .- 10 -穩(wěn)定：remain stable / stabilize / level off .在同一時期 during the same periodAs can be seen from the diagram, great chan