最全的采礦工程專業(yè)英語詞匯總結(共14頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Chapter 3 .1 Mining method專心-專注-專業(yè)mining method 采礦方法；mining operation 采礦作業(yè)； transportation 運輸；ventilation 通風；ground control 頂板管理；the cost of per ton of coal 噸煤成本；recovery 回采率；subside v. àsubsidence n.地表沉陷；subsidence control 地表沉陷控制cover 覆蓋層；overburden 上覆地層；immediate roof 直接頂；floor 底

2、板；dip （Pitch） 傾角；hardness 硬度；strength 強度；cleavage 解理； gas，methane 瓦斯daily operation 日常工作single operation 單一工序 unit operation 單元作業(yè)auxiliary operation輔助作業(yè)cutting n. 切割，掏槽；blasting n. 爆破loading n. 裝煤haul v. 運輸，搬運drainage n.排水power n. 動力 power Supply 動力供應communication n. 通訊lighting n.照明。disruption in pr

3、oduction 停產(chǎn)；reduction in production 減產(chǎn)；compromise 折衷room and pillar 房柱式by far 到目前為止in common with 和一樣underground mining 井工開采outcrop 露頭，露出地面的巖層；crosscut 聯(lián)絡巷、石門；drift 平硐；entry 平巷；development stage 開拓階段；production stage 生產(chǎn)階段；face 工作面。continuous miner 連續(xù)采煤機；haulage capacity 運輸能力；main entry 主巷。barrier pi

4、llar 隔離煤柱；butt entry 區(qū)段平巷；property line 礦井邊界線。shearer 滾筒采煤機planer，Plow 刨煤機surface mining 露天開采auger mining 螺旋鉆開采rapid excavation 快速掘進 hydraulic mining 水力采礦underground gasification 地下氣化 ocean mining 海洋采礦Chapter 3 .2 Mine PreplanningHercules【希、羅神】赫爾克里斯, 大力神-> Herculean, adj. 力氣極大的；需要大力氣的。herculean e

5、ffort 巨大的努力inadequacy n.不足，缺乏。transportation facility 運輸設備inflationary adj. 通貨膨脹的,通貨膨脹引起的<-inflation n.脹大, 通貨膨脹, (物價)暴漲<-inflate v 膨脹，充氣。inflationary process 通貨膨脹過程drive up 抬高，提高 drive into 掘進到be faced with 面臨monumental adj. 用以加強語氣非常的, 極端的<-monument n.紀念碑coal reserve 煤炭儲量electromechanical a

6、dj. 機電的 ß electro(電子的)+mechanical(機械的)electromechanical mine operation 礦井機電作業(yè)staff v. 雇用，聘用season v 適用，適應coordinate n. 坐標。v. （使）互相配合，（使）協(xié)調(diào)， 調(diào)整。a multitude（n. 多數(shù)，多量） of 大量capital investment 基本建設投資。foremost 最主要的，最重要的，1Billion = 1，000，000，000 即10億。Mt metric ton 公噸。453.5Mt = 500 million tonsè

7、0.907Mt = 1 million tonput into operation 投產(chǎn)，投入使用raise 籌集the life of the property 礦產(chǎn)/井的使用年限。commercial value 市場價值，商業(yè)價值。for convenience 為了方便其見minability 可采性marketability 適銷性，可銷性coal reserve 煤礦nominal，名義上的,極小的。option 買賣選擇權,優(yōu)先購買權enter upon 開始preliminary examination 初步調(diào)查operating mine 生產(chǎn)礦井to the extent

8、that 達到這種程度以致. ；就.來說；在.方面來說；adjacent to 鄰近的surface topography 地面地形，表面地形coalfield 煤田measure 層組coal-bearing measure含煤地層feature 特征；地貌。structural feature 構造特征surface improvement 地面上的改造tilled area 耕地reservoir 水庫power line 電力線，輸電線reservation n.保留地；自然保護區(qū)on record n.留有記錄的,記錄在案的preferred 優(yōu)先 選用的，首選的traverse 導

9、線。traverse with compass 羅盤定位。system surveying 系統(tǒng)測量sampling 采樣have a bearing on 對有影響，與.有關available 有效的，可用的pricing schedule 定價方案preparation treatment 洗選加工selective adj.有選擇性的,選擇的a master plan of operation 總體生產(chǎn)計劃。serve as 用作，作為，起到作用。basis 基礎，根據(jù)，依據(jù)since 引導原因狀語從句justify 調(diào)整，證明，證明是正確的，prospecting 勘探drilling

10、 pattern 鉆孔布置，鉆孔圖式basic map 底圖，基本地圖log sheet 鉆孔柱狀圖tabular adj. <=tabletabular record 表格記錄operating management經(jīng)營管理部門，經(jīng)營管理life expectancy 預期使用年限，使用壽命delivery of supplies 材料供應estimate of the cost 成本估計sales department 銷售部門Chapter 3.3 Mine developmentportal 井筒expected life of the mine 礦井的設計使用年限r(nóng)ail ha

11、ulage 軌道運輸as well as 即又be of n. 具有（性質(zhì)）drift 平硐shaft 立井，豎井slope 斜井main shaft主立井a(chǎn)uxiliary shaft 副立井a(chǎn)ir shaft風井transfer house 中轉(zhuǎn)煤倉headframe 井架hoist house 提升機房，絞車房skip 箕斗cage 罐籠car dump 卸煤設備storage bin 井底煤倉deplete 耗盡、衰竭whetheror是還是pressure drop 壓降net effect 凈效應，有效效應，實際結果capital cost 基建費用Chapter 4.1 Wall

12、ing system introductionworking face 工作面coalface：采煤工作面interconnection：切眼panel entry：區(qū)段平巷gate entry：工作面順槽head gate：區(qū)段皮帶巷，運輸巷tail gate：區(qū)段軌道巷，回風巷headentry：工作面運輸巷（下順槽）tailentry：工作面回風巷（上順槽）bleeder entry：區(qū)段回風巷cross-cut：聯(lián)絡巷gob, goaf：采空區(qū)end：端頭Longwall mining 長壁采礦法Shortwall mining 短壁采礦法pillar system. 柱式系統(tǒng)long

13、wall mining on strike 走向長壁采煤方法mining in advance / wall advancing mining 前進式采煤方法mining in retreat / wall retreating mining 后退式采煤方法inclined longwall mining 傾斜長壁開采underhand mining 俯采overhand mining 仰采Coal mining machine, coal-getting machine 采煤機； Shearer，滾筒采煤機 Plow，planer 刨煤機Face conveyor 工作面運輸機 Pan li

14、ne,”溜子” Chain conveyor 鏈式運輸機 Scraper chain conveyor 刮板輸送機 Armored chain conveyor 鎧裝運輸機Roof support system：頂板支護系統(tǒng) Friction props：摩擦支柱 Friction metal props：摩擦支柱 Hydraulic prop：液壓支柱 Single/Individual hydraulic prop 單體液壓支柱Hydraulic powered self-advanced support：液壓自移式支架roof support 頂板支架stage loader：轉(zhuǎn)載機pa

15、nel belt conveyor 區(qū)段皮帶運輸機electrical control 電力控制裝置/設備hydraulic pump 液壓泵站blast mining technology 爆破采煤工藝conventionally mechanized mining technology 普通機械化采煤fully mechanized mining technology 綜合機械化采煤fully mechanized mining with sublevel caving technology 綜采放頂煤方法Chapter 4.2 Ground control 工作面周圍地層：Overlyi

16、ng strata 上覆地層：Main roof 老頂，基本頂Immediate roof 直接頂Gob采空區(qū)-Facerib（煤壁）Floor 底板Underlying strata下伏地層Ground control頂板處理方式：（1）Caving；（2）Pack。Stable 切口，機窩dead work 準備工作，非生產(chǎn)性工作。Mobile belt conveyor 可移式膠帶運輸機No exception 無一例外regular maintenance n.日常修理,定期檢修D(zhuǎn)owntime 停工期(由于損壞、修理等原因造成的停機時間),停工時間,停機時間Clearance 空隙I

17、mmediate area of the face：工作面的直接區(qū)域Rib line 煤壁線，腰線heading 掘進頭，平巷up to dip 沿傾斜上行Compression strength 壓縮強度Underlying strata 下伏地層bed separation 離層On strike 沿走向Rad radian，弧度Cleat 解理Hold true 有效，適用Half butt cutting 半垂直切割Angle of attack 沖角virgin conditions 原始條件；Harder roof strataSofter coal seamuniformly d

18、istributed stress，the overburden weightHarder floor stratainduced by mining 采動引起的Stress distribution 應力分布Deflect 偏斜，偏轉(zhuǎn)，撓曲，下垂Cave in 冒頂，垮落Front abutment pressure 前方支承壓力Side abutment pressure 側向支承壓力Rear abutment pressure 后方支承壓力前方支承壓力：分布范圍：150m first felt/occur出現(xiàn)，有反應，有感應；4560m pick up slightly略有增長，略有加速

19、；1521m increase rapidly迅速增長；1.5-5m支承壓力峰值 peak abutment pressuremagnitude of the peak abutment pressure峰值大?。?.5-5 overburdern weight后方壓力：vertical pressureface area：far below the cover loadgob area：gradually increaseat last：the cover load范圍：0.3-0.4 the overburden thickness.No abutment pressureSide abu

20、tmentFirst felt：At the same time as the front abutment pressure范圍：from the rib to 1/3 or 1/4 hlargest at the ribside, decrease exponentially with distance from ribposition of peak pressure：0.015h Magnitude depend on the thickness and length of the immediate roof hanging in the gob.Gob area 采空區(qū) 穩(wěn)定-&#

21、224;slip, sag, separate-àcave inFace area 工作面區(qū) Support the immediate roofSolid coal 實體煤Chapter 4 .3 Roof support systemFace-to-gob distance 控頂距，工作面到采空區(qū)的距離。Yield pressure 屈服壓力support resistance 支架阻力Face-to-tip distance 端面距Precut 預切割Frames 節(jié)式支架Stroke 行程Chock support 垛式支架Double-acting ram 雙作用千斤頂 W

22、eb cut 截深Shields 掩護式支架Double link 雙鍵Lemniscate 雙紐線，四聯(lián)桿Roof canopy 頂梁Chock-Shield支撐掩護式支架leg，prop 立柱 canopy 頂梁 forward canopy 前梁 rear canopy 尾梁 caving shield 掩護梁 flipper，spauling shield 護幫板 slider, jack board 插板 ram ，cylinder，jack 千斤頂 hose 油管 emulsion 乳化液 valve 閥 support yielding 支架卸載 Chapter 4.4 Long

23、wall coal-getting machineminer，mining machine 采煤機 continuous miner 連續(xù)采煤機 shearer 滾筒采煤機 motor 電動機、馬達 electric motor 電機 haulage gearcase 牽引部 gearhead 傳動部 cutter drum gearcase 滾筒截割部 bedplate 底盤、底座 control unit 控制裝置 chain 鏈條 reducing gear box 減速箱 pillboard 擋煤板 cowl 擋煤板 bit 截齒 drum 滾筒 ranging-arm 搖臂 gear

24、 齒輪 track 軌道 gear track 齒軌 gearcase n.齒輪箱Rotor 轉(zhuǎn)子Chapter 4.5 Conveying systemflexible flight conveyor / face chain conveyor 工作面可彎曲刮板輸送機 main components 主要部件drive head機頭部 electric motor電動機 Hydraulic coupling液力聯(lián)軸器speed reducer減速器 chain wheel / sprocket鏈輪 drive head frame機頭架 middle sections中間部 line pan

25、溜槽 flight / scraper刮板 link chain刮板鏈 endless chain無極鏈 機尾部 tail end機尾架 Drive end frame鏈輪 sprocket附屬裝置 auxiliary drives/units擋煤板 spillboard / spill plate (cowl 罩，外殼)鏟煤板 ramp plate千斤頂 jackchain drive鏈式傳動： classification according to chain arrangement雙邊鏈 double strand outboard chain三鏈 triple strand chain

26、單中鏈 single middle chain雙中鏈 double middle chain新型刮板輸送機側卸式 side-loading fight conveyor垂直轉(zhuǎn)彎式 roller-curve fight conveyor轉(zhuǎn)載機Transfer conveyorA short heavy flexible flight conveyor橋式轉(zhuǎn)載機 （bridge ） stage loader區(qū)段皮帶輸送機Main components 皮帶 belt托輥 roller 支撐托輥 supporting roller機架 frame傳動裝置 drive unit電動機 electric

27、 motor聯(lián)軸器 coupling減速器 speed reducer滾筒 drum 卸載滾筒 unloaded drum 機尾導向滾筒 tail guide drum 拉緊滾筒 take-up drum 機尾導向滾筒guide drum拉緊裝置 take-up units制動裝置Braking devices采區(qū)運輸系統(tǒng)：上山 rise 下山 dipDip angle 15° belt conveyor15°Dip angle25° chain conveyorDip angle25° ceramic conveyor水平運輸系統(tǒng)水平運輸大巷 hori

28、zontal haulage entrybelt conveyor礦車 trolley wagons機車 locomotive電力機車 trolley locomotive 蓄電池機車 battery locomotive礦車 wagon固定箱式礦車Fixed box wagonTipping bucket wagonFront unloading wagon 底卸式礦車Bottom-dump wagon立井提升系統(tǒng) 礦井提升系統(tǒng)Mine hoist system提升機Engine hoist 鋼絲繩 wire rope天輪 head sheave（n.滑輪）箕斗 skip輔助運輸 auxil

29、iary transportationTransportation of material, equipment, waste and personnel 材料、設備、矸石、人員副井Auxiliary shaftSimilar to main shaft罐籠Cagehoist container斜井Slope In the slope, material and equipment are usually transported by direct rope hoist and endless rope hoist. While the waste is transported by skip

30、 and train according to the dip angle. The personnel are transported by a special man-car in the slope.水平運輸大巷 horizontal haulage entryElectric locomotive haul the wagons to transport material, equipment, waste.Electric locomotive haul the special man-cars to transport miners.采區(qū)上下山 district rise and

31、dip 1）有極繩提升Direct rope hoist dip angle：8-22鋼絲繩的一端與礦車相連，通過絞車（winch）放出和收回。2）無極繩提升Endless rope hoist dip angle：10區(qū)段運輸Tail entry：wagons wire ropeOverhead monorail 單軌吊 Overhead endless rope hoistTransfer conveyor 轉(zhuǎn)載運輸機Stage loader 橋式轉(zhuǎn)載機Roller curve conveyor 滾軸轉(zhuǎn)彎運輸機Chapter 4.6 Ventilation system風機：Ventila

32、tion fan回風井：Return shaft進風井：Intake shaftWorking faceIntake working回風巷道：Return roadway新鮮風：Fresh airAir flow乏風：Dirty air回風系統(tǒng)：抽出式通風：Exhaust ventilation負壓 negative pressure壓入式通風：Forced ventilation正壓 Positive pressure風機類型：離心式風機：Centrifugal fan；軸流式風機：Axial flow fan。通風設施：Ventilating structures風墻：Ventilatio

33、n wall風門：Air door風橋：Air bridgeAir regulator防塵、滅塵：Dust suppressionwater spray 灑水，mist spray 噴霧固定滾筒雙向截割采煤機 fixed-drum bi-directional shearer單滾筒可調(diào)高采煤機 single-drum ranging-arm shearer雙滾筒可調(diào)高采煤機 double-dram ranging-arm shearer礦井瓦斯：mine gas瓦斯：gas，methane，firedampAll hazardous gases in underground coal mine

34、s, its major component is CH4.Colorless, odorless, nonpoisonous, Combustible.Its density is less than that of the air, so it often accumulates near the roof.Gas/methane control瓦斯控制Gassy mine 高瓦斯礦井Chapter 5 Pillar systemTwo distinct phases of operation：First rooms and pillars are developed in a secti

35、on.The second is mining pillars.Two basic mining methods:Conventional mining method.普通采煤方法Cutting 掏槽 at the bottom of the coal seam a horizontal slot is 6-9 inch, 5-7feet deepDrilling 鉆眼 the optimum number and location of boreholes coal fragments after blasting neither too big nor too small for effi

36、cient loading.Blasting 爆破 explosives are loaded into each borehole and detonated n.起爆Loading 裝煤 shuttle caràsection belt conveyor. Two shuttle cars are used.roof bolting 頂板錨桿支護為了充分發(fā)揮設備和人員的能力，至少同時掘進5個平行的巷道。由于生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)多、分散，逐漸被連續(xù)采煤方法取代。Continuous mining method.連續(xù)采煤方法I continuous miner shuttle car 連續(xù)采煤機

37、梭車工藝 section belt conveyor roof bolting 間斷運輸工藝II continuous miner (intermediate) conveyors 連續(xù)采煤機輸送機工藝 section belt conveyor roof bolting連續(xù)的運輸工藝Pillar recovery 回收煤柱There are three methods of extracting pillars, open-end method, pocket and wing method and splitting method.open-end method 開端式pocket and

38、 wing method 袋翼式splitting 劈柱式pillaràblocksàlifts/slices 煤柱塊切塊Coal property 煤礦Area 盤區(qū)Set of entries 巷道群Engineer vt.設計Slough 脫落，剝落，碎落；崩落，坍塌，滑坍Crush 壓碎A function of 是的函數(shù)，隨而變。Relative strength 相對強度Clearance 凈空Block of coalRoom workCutting consequence 切割順序Face mining cycle 工作面開采循環(huán)Mining practic

39、e 開采Colloquial kE5lEukwiEl adj.口語的, 通俗的Dictate 規(guī)定，制定Outline 形成輪廓Incorporate as Ample 充足的，豐富的solid workchain pillar 巷道煤柱lessen 減少，減輕lift 小煤塊、slice 切塊physical condition n.實際條件post 柱子，支柱stump 煤柱slab 平板fender 煤柱，窄煤柱hand loading 人工裝載common practice 慣例concurrently n.同時發(fā)生地,并行地in place 就地，原地；在地層內(nèi)ride over 騎

40、馬來，跨在上masonry n.磚石工程,磚石建筑 砌筑。Masonry stopping 砌筑風墻Canvas stopping 帆布風簾Line Brattice 縱向風障Loading station 裝車點Chapter 6 Roadway excavation and support1 Roadway section巷道斷面掘進 drive, tunnel, excavate平巷掘進Drifting 巷道掘進 roadway excavation平巷掘進 n. drifting沉井，鑿井 n. sinking上山掘進 n. raising下山掘進 n. 1）The shape of

41、roadway section斷面形狀巷道斷面形狀主要取決于地層條件、服務年限和支護材料。The shape of roadway section depends mainly on strata conditions，the serving life and supporting materials.井筒Shaft , circular大巷Main entry , arched, horseshoe 上山 rise, ladder-shaped, trapezoidal順槽Gateway , ladder-shaped, trapezoidal2）The size of roadway se

42、ction斷面尺寸巷道斷面尺寸主要取決于巷道的用途。The size of roadway section depends mainly on its use.它取決于運輸或提升設備或其它設備的尺寸，還要根據(jù)通風要求對巷道斷面尺寸加以修改。It is dependent on haulage or hoisting equipment or other devices used，and it is modified according to the ventilation requirement.凈寬，net width；凈高 net height；凈斷面面積 net section area

43、。2 Roadway excavation in rocks巖巷掘進炮掘，爆破掘進：blasting excavation裝巖，除渣：mucking掘進工藝包括主要作業(yè)和輔助作業(yè)，其中主要作業(yè)包括破巖、裝巖、運輸、支護，輔助作業(yè)包括通風、鋪設軌道、挖掘排水溝、鋪設管線等等。The excavation technique consists of main operations including breaking, loading, haulage and support, and auxiliary work including ventilation, laying the track,

44、digging ditches and laying pipes etc.1）Breaking 破巖打眼放炮是目前應用最廣泛的破巖方法。Drilling and blasting is the most widely used method of rock breaking at present.（1）drillingDrill n. 鉆機氣動輕型鉆機，風鉆Air-jackleg 氣腿式鉆機Air-jack leg drill 架式鉆機Drifter 鉆車，鑿巖臺車 Jumbo, drill carriage濕式鉆進 Wet drilling干式鉆進 Dry drilling鉆孔 boreho

45、le（2）Blasting 爆破炸藥：Explosive裝藥：Load explosive in the borehole, charge起爆：detonateà雷管：detonator；電雷管：electric detonator炮眼布置方式：drilling pattern掏槽眼：cut hole輔助眼：auxiliary hole周邊眼：trim hole頂眼：roof hole 幫眼：flank hole底眼：Bottom hole起爆順序：firing sequenceCutàauxiliaryàroof & flankàbottomT

46、he type of explosive used, rock properties, and method of loading and sequence of firing the holes, affect hole depth, diameter, alignment and spacing. 采用的炸藥的類型、巖石的特性、裝巖方法、各個鉆孔的起爆順序，這些都影響著鉆孔深度、直徑、排列和間距的確定。A blast round consists of cut, relief, breast, and trim holes.一個爆破炮眼組包括掏槽眼、輔助眼、壓眼和邊界眼。2）Excavat

47、ion face ventilation 掘進面通風Fan 風機Air pipe 風筒3）loading and haulage 裝巖和運輸鏟斗裝巖機Shovel mucker 耙斗裝巖機Scraper mucker 機車礦車Locomotive wagons4）support 支護3 Roadway excavation in coals煤巷掘進1）conventional excavation of coal drift 傳統(tǒng)的煤層平巷掘進法Breaking is by means of drilling and blasting.手持式電鉆：handheld electric drill

48、loading:hand loading 人工裝煤scraper mucker：耙斗裝煤機coal loader：裝煤機扒抓，蟹抓2 gathering-arms刮板輸送機：1 scraper conveyor2）綜掘 fully mechanized excavation（1）gateway machine 平巷掘進機組成：掘進頭，（boom） cutterhead，cutting head裝煤裝置：loading mechanism扒抓，蟹抓gathering-arm刮板輸送機：scraper conveyorhaulage：皮帶輸送機：belt stage-loader mechanis

49、m履帶行走裝置：crawler travel mechanism支撐千斤頂：supporting cylinders，用來固定機器other cylinders，control cutterhead 液控箱hydraulic control box操作：操作時，首先驅(qū)動履帶行走裝置，使得切削頭碰到煤壁；然后，伸長導向千斤頂和后部千斤頂，支撐到巷道上；這樣就固定住了掘進機。然后，切割頭在掘進面底部的一側鉆入煤壁。操作水平擺動千斤頂，使切割頭割到底部的另外一側，這就在掘進面底部完成了一刀作業(yè)。操作升降千斤頂，使切割頭向上割一定距離（切割頭的直徑），然后用相同的方法再割第二刀。執(zhí)行這個循環(huán)作業(yè)，直到

50、割完整個斷面。平巷掘進機可以掘出任何形狀和尺寸的斷面，如圓形、馬蹄形、拱形和長方形。Gateway machine can excavate any size and shape of cross section: circular, horseshoe, arched and rectangular.（2）continuous miner 連續(xù)采煤機roof bolter 錨桿安裝機，錨桿機。The roof bolter is a rubber-tired vehicle used to drill and insert bolts into the roof to support it.錨桿機是一個用來打錨桿眼安裝錨桿來支護頂板的機器，它是用膠輪行走的。4 Roadway supporting 巷道支護永久性支護：permanent support臨時性支柱：