考博英語(yǔ)范文35篇

1、考博英語(yǔ)范文35篇博士生入學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試協(xié)作部分試題說(shuō)明根據(jù)教育部1992年頒布的研究生英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱（以下簡(jiǎn)稱大綱大綱的要求：“非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)博士研究生英語(yǔ)入學(xué)水平原則上應(yīng)達(dá)到或高于碩士生的通過(guò)水平?！贝缶V中對(duì)碩士生的寫(xiě)作要求是“掌握基本寫(xiě)作技能（如文章結(jié)構(gòu)、段落展開(kāi)和起承轉(zhuǎn)合等），能按具體要求，在一小時(shí)內(nèi)寫(xiě)出250詞左右的短文，正確表達(dá)思想，語(yǔ)意連貫，無(wú)重大語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤?！?、第一部分 寫(xiě)作文的要求，評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及考試中普遍存在的問(wèn)題 一 考試要求 1文章內(nèi)容切題。審題準(zhǔn)確,不跑題。2表達(dá)清楚。語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔、準(zhǔn)確、說(shuō)理清楚,讀者能從作文內(nèi)容清楚理解作者寫(xiě)作意圖。3意義連貫。 文字連貫、層次分明、意義表達(dá)完整。要使

2、文章意義連貫必須具有一定的技能，包括較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)感，遣詞造句能力和文章謀篇布局的組織能力； 4語(yǔ)言規(guī)范。符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)的習(xí)慣、語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤較少、語(yǔ)言基本功扎實(shí)，最終避免中式英語(yǔ)。 二 作文的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及樣卷介紹 14 分: 內(nèi)容符合要求, 包括了標(biāo)題或提綱中的全部?jī)?nèi)容;語(yǔ)言流暢;層次分明,句式有變化。詞匯豐富,句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞準(zhǔn)確,文章長(zhǎng)度符合要求。 11分：內(nèi)容符合要求，包括了標(biāo)題或提綱中的全部?jī)?nèi)容；文字連貫，句式有一定變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞無(wú)重大錯(cuò)誤，文章長(zhǎng)度符合要求。 8分：內(nèi)容符合要求，包括了標(biāo)題或提綱中多數(shù)內(nèi)容；基本清楚表達(dá)的主題的內(nèi)涵；句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞有少量錯(cuò)誤，個(gè)別是大錯(cuò)。文章長(zhǎng)度符合要求。 5

3、分： 內(nèi)容基本切題，基本表達(dá)了標(biāo)題或提綱中的內(nèi)容；文字連貫，語(yǔ)言可以理解，但有較多的結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞錯(cuò)誤，且大錯(cuò)較多。文章長(zhǎng)度基本符合要求。 2 分： 基本切題，但語(yǔ)句支離破碎，只有少數(shù)句子可以理解。 0 分： 文不切題。只將預(yù)先背誦的某篇文章默寫(xiě)下來(lái)，或語(yǔ)句混亂，無(wú)法理解。 附：14 分樣卷Topic： With her entry into WTO, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, and in particular, for higher- level talents. To face

4、this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate(postgraduate) education system. State your opinion aobut this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint.With Chinas entry into WTO, she is facing a lot of chances and challenges in many aspe

5、cts. As far as talents are concerned, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, especially for higher-level talents. In order to adapt this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate education system. In my opinion, we must make som

6、e reform and adjustment in graduate education system in many aspects as follows. First of all, from the view of the government, it must adjust its policy of using talents, especially higher-level talents. For example, it may provide many privileges for them.Secondly, for the viewpoint of the univers

7、ities, they should adjust their constructure of curriculum. They should pay more attention to the cultivation of graduates capability. They should take effective measures to direct their educational goal from exam-oriented education to education for all-round development. Finally, as far as personne

8、l is concerned, a student should pay more attention to the learning of all kinds of knowledge to meet the needs of society. In a word, it is high time that we reformed the graduate education system. If we do not make some changes in the graduate education system, we may be failure in the internation

9、al competition. So we must reform our graduate education system. (219 words) 點(diǎn)評(píng)： 該文緊扣主題，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，內(nèi)容充實(shí)，語(yǔ)言流暢，句式變化多樣。雖有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)，但英語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力較強(qiáng)，長(zhǎng)度符合要求。 萬(wàn)能框架As is implied in the table (or cartoon) and well known to all of us, Take in the table(cartoon) for example, its for the to But whenOn the other hand, there do e

10、xist some that They are making all possible means to and trying their best to Compared with what those , Its a pity that And whats more, with the deepening and furthering of our countrys opening and reforming, more are allowed to With China entering the WTO, are also permitted to If still blind to t

11、his, the is sure to So, its urgent and essential for to analyze more rationally and macroscopically.It must keep in mind that should never be unheard.Although the condition is unsatisfactory now, with the awareness of the in the table (or cartoon) and all the society efforts, improvement and an even

12、 brighter future are not only possible but also inevitable. 三 歷年考試中存在的典型問(wèn)題分析1 不會(huì)審題，偏離主題。2 漢語(yǔ)思維，逐字翻譯。常見(jiàn)考生用漢語(yǔ)構(gòu)思文章，同時(shí)將漢語(yǔ)句子硬譯成英語(yǔ)。3 用詞搭配不當(dāng)。4 詞匯量小，表達(dá)困難，拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。5 句法邏輯關(guān)系混亂。例如：Our English class often told stories.正確的應(yīng)是:Stories are often told on our English class. 6不會(huì)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞轉(zhuǎn)承上下句和段落。關(guān)聯(lián)詞即過(guò)渡詞，使用過(guò)渡詞，可使上下句子和段落合理銜接，承上啟

13、下，使表達(dá)合乎邏輯，常見(jiàn)過(guò)渡詞如as far as, however, well, though, in spite of 。7 語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。 主要表現(xiàn)為：（1） 分不清及物與不及物動(dòng)詞，例如：rise， raise； hear, listen（2） 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的誤用,例如: interesting和 interested（3） 詞類混淆,將動(dòng)詞或形容詞誤用作名詞,將名詞或動(dòng)詞誤用作形容詞,例如:benefit 和beneficial; difficult和 difficulty; pleasure 和pleased等。（4） 混淆可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，例如： help，practice

14、等。（5） 冠詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、介詞、代詞等方面的錯(cuò)誤，例如： a English book, should did, must done 等。四如何寫(xiě)出漂亮的文章 文章要內(nèi)容切題，表達(dá)清楚，意思連貫，語(yǔ)言比較規(guī)范。這就要求考生在寫(xiě)作時(shí)，把握如下方面：1 統(tǒng)一性（Unity）內(nèi)容切題，實(shí)際上就是要求文章統(tǒng)一性。所謂統(tǒng)一性，就是指短文必須圍繞著主題擴(kuò)展，不能多中心。統(tǒng)一性表現(xiàn)在句子、段落和篇章三個(gè)層次上。我們寫(xiě)漢語(yǔ)文章的要求是首先不能跑題，實(shí)際上就是對(duì)統(tǒng)一性的要求。2 連貫性 (Coherence)指句子與句子之間、段落與段落之間的銜接要自然通暢，主要體現(xiàn)在文章的邏輯發(fā)展順序和過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用上。1）

15、 邏輯順序按照時(shí)間先后，或空間位置的相互關(guān)系，我們可以寫(xiě)出眉目清晰、符合邏輯的段落或文章。敘述文體多采用時(shí)間順序，描寫(xiě)文體中空間順序更常見(jiàn)。高潮形成系指按照其重要性或嚴(yán)重性安排各個(gè)發(fā)展點(diǎn)（指段落）或發(fā)展段（指文章）的順序，這種語(yǔ)篇發(fā)展方法在描寫(xiě)、敘述、說(shuō)明和議論文中均常出現(xiàn)。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇的邏輯順序安排一般是先談最次要的內(nèi)容，繼而談?shì)^為重要的內(nèi)容，最后再談最重要的內(nèi)容，從而形成文章高潮。2） 過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用 語(yǔ)篇的外在連貫手段有時(shí)，單靠邏輯上的連貫對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇來(lái)說(shuō)是很不夠的，因而過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用必不可少。漢語(yǔ)的連貫屬于“意合”，英語(yǔ)的連貫屬“形合”，而借助過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)取得語(yǔ)篇的連貫是形合法最突出的特點(diǎn)。所以

16、，在英語(yǔ)文章內(nèi)，諸如等過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)特別多。它們的運(yùn)用挑明了句子與句子之間、段落與段落之間的關(guān)系，使文章更加顯得連貫。由于受漢語(yǔ)“意合”的影響，中國(guó)學(xué)生常忽略過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用。所以中國(guó)學(xué)生在進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作時(shí)必須對(duì)此給以足夠的重視。、3 語(yǔ)言規(guī)范語(yǔ)言的規(guī)范涉及面廣。小至遣詞造句，大到語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)，無(wú)不體現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言使用的質(zhì)量。根據(jù)近年博士生入學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試的作文試卷統(tǒng)計(jì)，許多考生未熟練掌握造句技能甚至不能保證單詞拼寫(xiě)正確、句子無(wú)重大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。因此要多讀多看英語(yǔ)報(bào)刊和原著，從中學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言用法，沒(méi)有仔細(xì)閱讀過(guò)、理解過(guò)的東西千萬(wàn)不要在作文中使用，切忌中國(guó)式英語(yǔ)。、 第二部分 35 篇范文 1. Television Progr

17、am and Their Effect on children Television programs regularly entertain, educate, effect and even frighten the majority of our children. Most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, with little thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child. Most programs can be classe

18、d as beneficial or harmful, according to what effect the program might have on a child.The beneficial television programs are mainly thouse that educate the young. There are often specials on animal life. A few regular childrens programs develop the childs interest in school-type learning by stressi

19、ng numbers and the alphablt, and that encourages him or her to be creative. The beneficial commercials, such as those on anti-smoking, anti-litter, and health, should be included in this category. On the opposite side are the shows, which are generally harmful to children. Many commercials, especial

20、ly those sponsoring the childrens programs, are deliberately written to create a desire for an unnecessary product such as sugar coated cereals and candy. All adult programs that include violence or sex scenes can at best fill a childs mind with confusing or misleading ideas, and could possib ly har

21、den the child to violence. Thoughtful parents will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs. A childs viewing time should be limited to watching educationlly benefical programs. 2. How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities With the development of modern industryu, more and m

22、ore people are flowing into big cities. Accordingly, the housing problem in big cities is becoming more and more serious. People have offered many solutions to this problem. I think building satellite cities in the suburbs is more practical. The fresh air and beautiful secnery in the suburbs will be

23、 appealing to the city citizens, who suffer from air pollution, noises, etc. in the overcrowded city. With more people leaving the city, more space will be available for those remaining. The housinmg problem in big cities will thus be solved.3. “The younger generaton knows best” Old people are alway

24、s saying that the young are not what they were. The same comments is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than ti is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so

25、 dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideas of their elders. Events, which the older generation remembers vividly, are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one preceded it. Today the di

26、fference is very marked indeed.The old always assume thaty they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They dont like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning the assumptions of t

27、heir elders and disturbing their complacency. They take leave to doubt that the older generation has created the best of all possible worlds. What they reject more than anything is conformity. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldnt people work best if they were g

28、iven complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear drab grey suits and convict haircuts? If we turn our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent mea

29、ns? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solven their problems? Why are they

30、so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions? Can anything be right with the rat race? Havent the old lost touch with all that is important in life?There are not questions the older generation can shru

31、g off lightly. Their record over the past forty years or so hasnt been exactly spotless. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guilance. Today, the situation might reversed. The oldif they are prepared to admit it could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest

32、lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not “sinful”. Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure to shed restricting inhibitions. It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or futu

33、re. This emphasis on the present is only to be expressed because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the constant threat of complete annihilation. This is their glorious heritage. Can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of the generation that bequeathed it

34、 ? 4. Public Transportation As part of domestic modernization, public transportation needs to be developed urgently in China. I can illustrate some examples.There does not only exist serious traffic jams but also crowded buses, underground and railways. Commuters find it hard to get to work on time

35、due to overcrowded buses or tubes. Travelers could hardly get on buses in big cities during weedends owing to fewer buses and more people. When Spring Festival is drawing near, there is much greater ressure on public transportation since it has to deal with a large number of travelers rushing home.

36、And travelers need special arrangements to go home. In a word, public transportation has become bottleneck to the advanc of Chinese economy. To solve the above-mentioned problems, the departments concerned should carry out the following steps: to build more roads, highways or railways and to add bus

37、es or trains to the original lines. But ther funds have to be raised both from the government and the public. There are three sources for fund raising. One is to raise the fares for all kinds of all transportation vehicles. Another is to increase the prices for various vehicles on sale. The third is

38、 to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oiil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money collected is used to improve transportation services, the situation will be bettered and favorab

39、le. The third step to take is to introduce new technology in order to raise the efficiency of vehicles. For instance, the speed of trains can be increased as much as two times so that two times as many people can be held. In this way, the pressure on public transportation can be dramatically allevia

40、ted. So in a word, we need to introduce new technology to raise the speed of vehicles while having built even wider roads and added more efficient trains and huses.5. Human Education The other day, a professor from Peking University gave a lecture “Chinese Intellectuals and Written Cultural Text”. I

41、n his lecture, he held that Chinese intellectuals have lost the written cultural text since the May 4th movement. His opinion set us thinking that the loss of traditional humane education resulted in a crisis of cultural education. With the rapid development of economy, the living standard of the Ch

42、inese people has improved a lot in terms of material wealth. In a period when economics take priority, people pay more aned more attention to profit. At present, moneymaking and pleasure seeking are becoming a popular fashion. On the other hand, there appears a barren field of spirit in todays socie

43、ty. It has become unexpectedly hard to rebuild the paradise of traditional culture.Ideological confusion, moral decline and a chaotic cultural market, all this shows that it is the high time to have something done in order to tackle the problem of cultural orientation. Our times call for an ideal hu

44、mane education.It is unwise to discard traditional Chinese culture as a whole. Some of the elements of this culture can be made use of in the reconstruction of our spiritual civilizaiton directly or wit5h some adaptation. Our attitude towards tradition should be “discarding the dross and selecting t

45、he essence”. The humane education of the past can serve as a supplement to our Marxist education. It should start from primary school. In this way, our children will get educated so as to be possessed of a perfect personality. The national morale will be deeply rooted in peoples mind, and will help

46、push forward the growth of economy. To sum up, we can find it badly necessary to build up an ideal humane education. We should find an efficient way to develop our humane education and dig out5 more resources form traditional Chinese culture.6. Criticism on Television A lot of people believe that te

47、levision has a harmful effect on chldren. A few years ago, the same criticisms were made of the cinema. But although child psychoilogists have spent a great deal of time studying his problem, there is not much evidence that television brings about teenagers crimes. For people in the modern worlds sh

48、are the views of parents a hundred years ago. In those days, writers for children carefully avoided any reference to sex in their books, but had not inhibitions about including scenes of violence. The evidence collected suggests, however, that neither the subject, nor the action in itself frightens

49、children. The context in which cruely or violence occurs is much more important. A good guide to what is psychologically healthy for a small child is therefore provided by a television series in which a boy and a girl are supposed to be exploring distant planets with their parents. In each story, th

50、ey encounter strange monsters and find themselves in dangerous situations but the parents are reassuring and sensible, as a childs paprents should be in real life. There is an adult character who is a coward and liar, but both the children are brave and , of course, every story ends happily. In my v

51、iew, children should be exposed to the problems of real life as soon as possible, but they cannont help seeing these through news programs. When they are being entertained, the healthiest atmosphere is one which the hero and heroine are children like themselves who behave naturally and confidently i

52、n any situation. 7. The ony thing people are interesed in today is earing more money Once upon a time there lived a beautiful young woman and a handsome young man. They were very poor, but as they were deeply in love, they wanted to get married. The young peoples parents shook their heads. “You cant

53、 get married yet.” They said. Wait till you get a good job with good prospects. So the young people waited until they found good jobs with good prospects and they were able to get married. They were still poor, of course, they didnt have a house to live in or any furniture, but that didt matter. The

54、y young man had a good job with good prospects, so large organizations lent him the money he needed to buy a house, some furniture, all the latest electrical appliances and a car. The couple lived happily ever after paying off debts for the rest of their lves. And so ends another modern romantic fab

55、le.We live in a materialistic society and are trained from our earlist years to be acquistive. Our possessions, yours and mine are clearly labeled from early childhood. When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surpise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money you ear

56、n. We spend the whole of ourlives keeping up with our neighbors, the Joneses. If we buy a new television set , Jones is bound to buy a bigger and better one. If we buy a new car, we can be sure that Jones will go one better and get two new cars: one for his wife and one for himself. The most amusing

57、 thing about this game is that Joneses and all the neighbors who are struggling frantically to keep up with them are spending borrowed money kindly provided, at a suitable rate of interest, of course, by friendly banks, insurance companies, etc. It is not only affluent societies that people are obse

58、ssed with the idea of making more money. Consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modern industry deliberately sets out to create new markets. Gone are the days when industrial goods were made to last forever. The wheels of industry must be kept turning. Built-in obsolescence provides the means; goods are made to be discarded. Cars get tinnier and tinnier. You no sooner acquire this years model than you are thinking about its replacement. This materia