高考英語(yǔ)完形填空解題技巧和方法

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)-完形填空解題技巧指導(dǎo)格式塔心理學(xué):當(dāng)看見(jiàn)不完整的事物時(shí)，人們根據(jù)腦子里對(duì)事物的完整概念，會(huì)在思想上把它補(bǔ)全。即：補(bǔ)全心理一.高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和考試說(shuō)明對(duì)高考完形填空的規(guī)定：完形填空是高考試題中的一個(gè)重要部分。完形填空共20題，考試時(shí)間為20分鐘左右，分值為30分，占總分的20。在兩篇題材熟悉、難度適中的短文(約350詞)內(nèi)留有20個(gè)空格，每個(gè)空格為一題，每題有四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，要求考生在全面理解內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上選擇一個(gè)最佳答案，使短文的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)恢復(fù)完整。完形填空部分的目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力（測(cè)試能力要求大體接近大學(xué)非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)二年級(jí)水平。）完型填空考

2、查綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力：1）詞語(yǔ)辨析能力2）語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)分析能力3）語(yǔ)篇理解能力4）邏輯推理能力5）文化背景透析能力6）生活常識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力 1. 通常從一篇300-350詞左右，文章中設(shè)空20個(gè)，首句不挖空； 2. 內(nèi)容完整, 邏輯性強(qiáng), 語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。生詞少, 難度適中。 3. 干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)嚴(yán)密.一般情況下，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞性相同或?qū)儆谕然驅(qū)Φ确懂?，干擾項(xiàng)填入后在語(yǔ)法上一般不存在錯(cuò)誤，對(duì)考生有很大的迷惑作用； 4.突出語(yǔ)篇(語(yǔ)境)，強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)用，注重交際； 5. 考察重點(diǎn)多為實(shí)詞: 名詞 / 代詞 /動(dòng)詞 / 形 容詞 / 副詞等；單詞為主、短語(yǔ)為輔。 6. 關(guān)注語(yǔ)境背景知識(shí), 側(cè)重上下關(guān)聯(lián),

3、 暗示判斷能力。 7.大多富有積極的教育意義，給人以人生的啟迪或是充滿了生活情趣；記敘文對(duì)于敘事，描述類文章。短文的首句，往往點(diǎn)明故事發(fā)生的人物(who),時(shí)間（when），地點(diǎn)(where)，和事件(what)等背景情況。例： It was a busy morning，about 8:30,when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital .議論文1、議論文的設(shè)題往往多以上下文為基礎(chǔ)，利用承前信息或滯后信息，使讀者有所依托。2、議論文中表達(dá)作者態(tài)度或看法的詞較多，所以，試題中對(duì)形容詞和副詞的考查往往也較多。問(wèn)題跳躍性較大。我

4、們做題時(shí)，既要看事實(shí)，又要感悟作者的態(tài)度與情感。 對(duì)于論述文，首句表明了論述的主題。起到揭示主題的作用。例如： A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool. A letter can be enjoyed, read and 21 . 說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明文直白性較強(qiáng)，脈絡(luò)清晰。2、說(shuō)明文的層次清晰，整體性強(qiáng)，所以，遞進(jìn)性詞匯和名詞的設(shè)題往往出現(xiàn)得較多。只要把握這些關(guān)鍵，做完形填空便會(huì)得心應(yīng)手，游刃有余。完形填空總體要求完形填空全面考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、閱讀理解能力和總體語(yǔ)言水平。 解題過(guò)程是對(duì)語(yǔ)篇中的缺失

5、信息進(jìn)行猜測(cè)、推斷、驗(yàn)證的過(guò)程，需要我們立足語(yǔ)篇環(huán)境，樹立全局觀念，瞻前顧后，連貫思維，從語(yǔ)境角度來(lái)選擇答案。高考完形填空考什么？1. 詞匯題2. 語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)3. 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)(語(yǔ)境) 為什么我們?cè)谶@一題型上總是失分較多?1. 沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格遵循答題步驟:很多考生一拿到完形填空題就急于選擇答案，不認(rèn)真分析通篇文章，單純求快，忽略語(yǔ)篇理解，只看局部的詞義辨析、搭配和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。表面上解題速度挺快，但是這種見(jiàn)樹不見(jiàn)林的做法只會(huì)影響解題的質(zhì)量和效率。切記:一定要用2-3分鐘時(shí)間先進(jìn)行缺詞閱讀,弄清文章大意和基本脈絡(luò)后再著手逐個(gè)填空. 2. 不注意積累答題技巧: a.忽略文章首句的提示作用； b.忽略文章中上下文之

6、間的照應(yīng)關(guān)系; c.遇到長(zhǎng)句不注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),在語(yǔ)義模糊時(shí)抱碰運(yùn)氣的心理隨意作出選擇. 3.時(shí)間安排不當(dāng):在幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)上過(guò)分糾纏，追求完美，導(dǎo)致許多本可以做出的題來(lái)不及做。 切記:正確的做法是由易到難，先做會(huì)做的，再考慮較難的。強(qiáng)烈推薦：如尚有幾題題目不確定可將某題的可能的兩項(xiàng)填入空格, 然后快速地整句整段地默讀, 選擇某一項(xiàng)習(xí)慣或短語(yǔ)或動(dòng)賓搭配讀起來(lái)較流暢的.四. 解題方法：總的原則: 先完意，后完形。十六字方針：上下通氣 ，瞻前顧后，左顧右盼，前后照應(yīng) 。 三步曲： 讀填讀五. 完形填空具體解題步驟通覽-選填-復(fù)核 1 通覽-速讀全文，把握大意 跳格快速閱讀一下全文，通過(guò)通覽全文、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意

7、，概略地了解文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容等等。 2 選填-緊扣文意，瞻前顧后 先易后難，逐層深入。緊扣全文內(nèi)容，聯(lián)系上下文和語(yǔ)境，展開(kāi)邏輯推理，注意從上下文中尋找線索，注意詞匯的意義、搭配，慣用法，語(yǔ)法，常識(shí)等多個(gè)角度進(jìn)行綜合考，選項(xiàng)入格。3 復(fù)核-全面檢查，確保語(yǔ)意連貫，用詞準(zhǔn)確復(fù)讀全文驗(yàn)證答案。帶著答案把全文再通讀一遍 ，注意看所選答案填入空白處后能否做到文章意思通順、前后連貫、邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、結(jié)構(gòu)完整、首尾呼應(yīng)。完形填空之解題技巧-Basic skills of cloze 細(xì)讀文章的第一句話高考完形填空選文的第一句話通常是完整的。該句往往就是主題句（Topic Sentence），這就為我們理解文

8、章的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系提供了一個(gè)“窗口”，它的句意往往為全文提供中心信息，能直接概括全文大意、揭示主題。 充分重視首句的標(biāo)示作用，利用它為解題找到一個(gè)突破口，據(jù)此展開(kāi)思維，爭(zhēng)取開(kāi)局勝利。一：詞匯題1. 上下文和前后句的提示（復(fù)現(xiàn)、同/近義詞、反義詞）1.( 北京卷)Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my 37 . She wanted to know how I thought She believed I had opinions, so I began to .37. A.opinion B.impression C.information D.intention 語(yǔ)境-原詞重

9、現(xiàn)2. (陜西卷） I had some 28 in my pocker, but I would not give them to him, thinking to myself he would 29（ only） use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol. 28. A. chocolates B. coins C. tins D. drugs語(yǔ)境-同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)3. Many old people dont have good _. They cant watch TV, but they can listen t

10、o music or news over the radio .A hearing B health C eyesight D time4. Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very, very_. A. deep B.high C. cold D. dangerous5. Chinese government challenged local shools to conduct experiments in-educationreform. And then Renda Fuzhong Xi

11、san School in Beijing stepped up to the_. A. charges B. exchange C. challenge D. experience語(yǔ)境-原詞重現(xiàn)(詞性變化)6. and then both ended up from the same high school. Just three weeks before_, Bill asked Mark if they could talk.(2003北京）A graduation B movement C separation D vacation7The amount of usable water

12、 has always been of great interest in the world. Holding springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the 22 areas like the desert. 22Adry Bdistant Cdeserted Dwild 8The correct water supply forecast is based more on the water from the 34 than from the below. 34Aclouds Bsky Cair Dabov

13、e 9In 1964 Shirley graduated from Gallaudet and looked for _44_.She wanted to be independent and work full time. 44.A.informationB.helpC.a job D.an assistant10. The stone men face 41,rather than out to sea, and their eyes are focused upon the sky. 41. A. forward B. outward C. onward D. inward11.The

14、art experts who work at the gallery say they used modern chemistry technology to 45 the paint on the picture. These checks found traces(痕跡) of paint deep in the picture dating from about 1814.45. A. try B. remove C. wash D. check詞匯題2.詞語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配 1. （全國(guó)I) The nurse had him take a 36 in the waiting a

15、rea, 37(telling) him it would be at least 40 minutes 38(before) someone would be able to see him . 36 A. breath B. test C. seat D. break 語(yǔ)境-固定搭配2.The city(Washington) was named_George Washington, the first president of the United States. A. by B. for C. as D. after3. It was 4 oclock when the front d

16、oorbell rang. Mrs Clarke was _tea at the time.A. cooking B. making C. burning D. serving4. Mark_ down and helped the boy pick up these articles.(北京 春 50小題） A.fell B. sat C.lay D. knelt5. , but they are _ damage to our houses and shops of historical interest, Said John Norris,one of the protesters.（第

17、30題)A .doing B. raising C. putting D. producing 6.Hed 36 his life brewing beer for local breweries only to make a living, 37 had his father and grandfather before him. 36A. cost B. spent C. take D. paid37A. like B. as if C. so D. nor7. On April 12, 1888, Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack.

18、A major French newspaper _ his brother for him and A. found B. misunderstood C. mistook D. judged能與“A for B”搭配的在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有選項(xiàng)C, mistake A for B意為“誤以為A是B，把A錯(cuò)當(dāng)成B”。注意：mistake-mistook-mistaken詞匯題3.根據(jù)詞匯的意義及用法辨析詞義1.(江蘇卷) My father 36 me to her with these words:“I would like you to meet the fellow who is 36.A.

19、rushed B.sent C.carried D.introduced 語(yǔ)境-詞義辨析2.(全國(guó)I）The happiest people dont 53(necessarily ) have the best of everything；they just 54 the best of everything they have . 54 A. learn B make C.favor D.try語(yǔ)境-詞義辨析3. The boy was _ _ the water and his canoe was _ away. A. on B. within C. in D. under A. run

20、ning B. floating C. flowing D. pulling 4. With her slow and clumsy reactions, she would surely _ her team.A. hold on B. hold out C. hold over D. hold up 語(yǔ)境+詞語(yǔ)辨析5.The trainer decided it was useless trying to finish. He called to Trudy to 45 .45A. keep up B. slow down C. give up D. take up6.The forest

21、 began to disappear, which 53 all the animals dying out. 53. A. resulted in B. resulted from C. created D. lay in7. Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel Prizes, which would be awarded to people who made great _ to the causes of peace, literature, an

22、d the sciences. A. additions B. sacrifices C. changes D. contributions make additions to 給增加 make sacrifices for 為做出犧牲 make changes to對(duì)作修改 make contributions to 對(duì)作貢獻(xiàn)8. So I tried hard with my writing and went to college . My first novel 45 while I was at college. 45. A. came on B. came in C. came ou

23、t D. came backcome on 加油，得了吧；開(kāi)始come out 出來(lái); 盛開(kāi); 出版; 顯出come in 進(jìn)來(lái) come back 回來(lái)詞匯題4.根據(jù)生活常識(shí)及文化背景知識(shí)進(jìn)行選擇1. I made my sandwich that afternoon while waiting for Cassie. 39 the butter-cream gave me an idea. A. Spreading B. Boiling C. Baking D. Holding 生活常識(shí)2. (福建)Born in America , I spoke English not Chinese

24、， the language of my ancestors . When I was three . my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face , but I pused them 37 (aside ) , 36. A. custorn B. games C .characters D. language 常識(shí)、背景知識(shí)3. I turned the key in the lock and _the door open.A. knocked B. forced C. pushed D. tried 語(yǔ)境-常識(shí)4.(浙江)I do

25、nt remember my father ever getting into a swimming pool. But he did love the water. Any kind of ride seemed to give him pleasure. And he loved to fishA. boat B. bus C. train D. bike5. ,you _the international dateline.By agreement, this is the point where a new day_. A. see B. cross C. are D. are sto

26、pped byA.is coming B. is discovered C.is invented D. beginsthe international dateline是國(guó)際日期變更線，是人們所規(guī)定的，看不見(jiàn)，摸不著，但是可以越過(guò)。它是新的一天開(kāi)始的地方。答案分別為B 和D其實(shí)，以上方法并非獨(dú)立使用，交互使用的情況較多。根據(jù)文章運(yùn)用多方法，對(duì)選項(xiàng)逐項(xiàng)分析，排除干擾項(xiàng)，從而確定最佳答案。對(duì)稍難的或拿不準(zhǔn)的個(gè)別題，我們可采用排除法。 二：邏輯手段 1.邏輯手段順序關(guān)系并列關(guān)系因果關(guān)系讓步關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系解釋關(guān)系1.（江蘇卷) Then she looked at my father and repl

27、ied,“You are 40(wrong). This is not the worst boy at all, 41 the smartest one who hasnt yet found an outlet（釋放的途徑）for his enthusiasm.” 41. A.but B.so C.and D.or 語(yǔ)境-轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、搭配2.（2010湖南卷) Bean is a white dog, quite handsome and very 38 . 38. A. smart B.sweet C.slow D.shy 語(yǔ)境-同類并列關(guān)系3.（2010安徽卷) First of all

28、, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand, . Then the writing point of the pen 52 ,the pen should make a thick, dark line. 52. A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally 語(yǔ)境-順序關(guān)系4. A transistor radio is sometimes very small.It is very easy to carry_,radio broadcasts are better for blind peo

29、ple. A. Besides B. However C. Yet D. Sometimes5. At first nothing happened,_suddenly a large rat rushed out of the A.and B. or C. so D.then 6. My main responsibility(職責(zé)） were clearing tables and washing dishes,_sometimes I helped cook.（2003 北京 第40題） A. or B. so C. but D. even7. _ father and I often

30、argue with each other, we are good friends. A. If B. Although C. When D. As if 語(yǔ)境-讓步關(guān)系8. If we make a noise on the bus they look _ and uncomfortable . A. untouched B. worried C, moved D. excitedHellen was an old teacher with a warm smile and _eyes. A. bursting B. freezing C. friendly D. lively 語(yǔ)境-并列

31、關(guān)系二：邏輯手段 2：語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)分析 When we talked, I discovered（發(fā)現(xiàn)） some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later（遼寧） 42 is kno

32、wn to us all, there is not 43 (enough) water in all places for every-one to use as much as he likes. 42. A. That B. It C. What D. As When Ed first phoned and _we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an easy victory.(NMET2003 , 37題） A.declared B. mentioned C.persuaded D. suggested（天津卷） “ As a policem

33、an, I saw 27 there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging 28(impact) on the kids. ” 27. A. where B. unless C. as D. whether The instructor then _ that we find ways to make apologize to people.A. expected B. suggested C. told D. saidwe find = we should find Of course, he did

34、not understand a thing, but he nodded his head as he_A. did B. had C. understood D. could這兒did 代替understood,不選understood避免重復(fù)。屬語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn).(遼寧)What made him sad was _his piano teacher in Beijing didnt like him.A. whether B. why C. when D. that 完型填空中語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)方面測(cè)試較少1）虛擬語(yǔ)氣； 2）定語(yǔ)從句（連接詞，限定與非限定定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別，定語(yǔ)從句與其它主從復(fù)合句的區(qū)別）

35、； 3）狀語(yǔ)從句； 4）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；5）主謂搭配一致 ； 6）并列句；7）省略句；8）倒裝句及復(fù)雜句子 注意上下文的邏輯關(guān)系和語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，這樣才能確保答案的正確。三：語(yǔ)篇理解作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度Life is very 55 , so dont rush to make decisions. Life doesnt let you plan.55A. hard B. busy C. short D. longDr. Shirley Jeanne Allen has traveled many roads and followed many rainbows searching for her drea

36、m. With courage and _55_, she never gave up. 55.A.determinationB. intelligence C. strengthD. prideThis is because the most important character of creative people is a very strong 40 to find a way out of trouble.40Adesire Binspire Cinfluence Dattitude小結(jié)：完型填空考查內(nèi)容語(yǔ)篇信息（語(yǔ)境理解）詞匯手段：原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，同義.近義復(fù)現(xiàn)，反義詞，習(xí)慣用法 語(yǔ)法

37、手段：指代，句型，語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目邏輯手段：順序關(guān)系，并列關(guān)系，因果關(guān)系，讓步關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，解釋關(guān)系作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度解題過(guò)程中應(yīng)做到注意上下文語(yǔ)境 了解常識(shí)背景 掌握習(xí)慣搭配 運(yùn)用詞義辨析 運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法分析 運(yùn)用邏輯分析 運(yùn)用排除法 英語(yǔ)完形填空解題步驟1. 通讀全文，統(tǒng)攬全局。首句主題2. 逐句分析，確定選項(xiàng)。比較選項(xiàng)3. 通盤理解，上下一致。作者思想4. 復(fù)讀全文，核對(duì)答案。第一感覺(jué)做題三忌：v 急于求成，未通讀全文便忙于答題， 不了解文意。 v 只摳字眼，語(yǔ)法，不顧文意，抓不住關(guān)鍵。v 斷章取義，不管前后照應(yīng)，前后矛盾。v 不善于邏輯推理，容易受思維定勢(shì)的干擾,忽視特定語(yǔ)境中知識(shí)的應(yīng)用。如何提高能力

38、技巧一、提高閱讀能力（速度、理解）二、打好語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ) 三、擴(kuò)充詞匯量（詞匯是完型之根，動(dòng) 詞、名詞為主）四、增長(zhǎng)生活常識(shí)，培養(yǎng)廣泛的興趣愛(ài)好五、堅(jiān)持每天做兩篇，以提高實(shí)戰(zhàn)能力總結(jié)-解題方法： 總的原則： “先完意，后完形”。 八字方針： 上下求索，瞻前顧后。三步曲： 讀填讀試技巧一：邏輯語(yǔ)氣解題法這種邏輯語(yǔ)氣主要包含并列、遞進(jìn)、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折和委婉語(yǔ)氣等等。這類題的選項(xiàng)多為連詞、副詞或具有連詞意義的各類短語(yǔ)。【例題】He had spent those years well, graduating from college, completing two internships(實(shí)習(xí)) in Was

39、hington, D.C, and _, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento.A. hopefully B. finally C. particularly D. certainly【解析】有上文及全句的意思可知，在這兒是作者六年求學(xué)和工作的最后一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，表示畢業(yè)之后找到了一份工作，從預(yù)期上講，應(yīng)該是結(jié)論性的，所以，惟有finally符合題意，選B。應(yīng)試技巧二：固定搭配解題法這類題與語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)題有點(diǎn)類似，但主要慣用搭配，講究詞與詞的搭配，涉及到關(guān)聯(lián)詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞、形容詞、名詞和短語(yǔ)等。Telling him that he no longer

40、 needed to enjoy them but I still needed to write them, I _ until the day he graduated.A. held up B. gave up C. followed D. continued由句意可知，“盡管兒子不愿意再收到我的字條，但是我依然堅(jiān)持寫到他畢業(yè)為止?！边@道題實(shí)際上是一道固定搭配題，其結(jié)構(gòu)為notuntil，但句中沒(méi)有否定副詞not，再則，若A、B兩項(xiàng)短語(yǔ)用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)中須與not連用，故不合題意;C項(xiàng)的followed應(yīng)為及物動(dòng)詞，后面需加賓語(yǔ)方可，再則followed在此有歧義，也不合題意，由于conti

41、nue是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，所以，無(wú)需否定副詞，在這一固定搭配中只有瞬間動(dòng)詞才與not連用，所以選D。應(yīng)試技巧三：語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)法這類題需要考生有較為扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，能夠從句式的結(jié)構(gòu)上辨別出須填相關(guān)的關(guān)聯(lián)詞、連詞、副詞、形容詞或相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)然還要考慮到主謂一致的關(guān)系等語(yǔ)法知識(shí)要點(diǎn)。When it was 5:00pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer _ I received an email from Garth, my Director.A. while B. when C. where D. after這里w

42、hen的意思是just at the moment， 與前面的when意思不一樣，A項(xiàng)的while無(wú)此意，D項(xiàng)的after不符合行為交互邏輯，C項(xiàng)完全是錯(cuò)誤。所以選B。應(yīng)試技巧四：語(yǔ)境信息解題法選項(xiàng)重在語(yǔ)意干擾，考生應(yīng)具有通過(guò)上下文提示、暗示或鋪墊，對(duì)篇章進(jìn)行整體上的把握的能力。所以，快速瀏覽全文，迅速領(lǐng)悟篇章主旨，通過(guò)上下文語(yǔ)境選擇答案選項(xiàng)乃解決完形填空的關(guān)鍵。Our _1_ challenge was to keep the rock mixture _2_ enough.1. A. next B. first C. past D. previous2. A. cold B. wet C. loose D. clean短文前面提到第一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)是發(fā)電的問(wèn)題，那么接下來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)就是如何保持溫度的問(wèn)題。所以1題答案為A。從下文提到的灑水車等事情，我們可以判斷出2這兒應(yīng)該是“保持濕度”的語(yǔ)意，所以答案為B項(xiàng)。應(yīng)試技巧五：利用常識(shí)解題法這類題主要是考查考生應(yīng)該把握的英美國(guó)家的文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)，但唯有在無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確把握語(yǔ)言知識(shí)時(shí)，可充分利用所學(xué)的社會(huì)知識(shí)和科普知識(shí)進(jìn)行語(yǔ)境判斷。Yesterday