句子成分講解

1、句子成分講解定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分：主語和謂語次要成分：表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語、同位語ImetmvbestfriendTomatthestationvesterdav.主語謂語定語賓語同位語狀語句子成分意義充當(dāng)成分例句主語表示句子說的是什么人或什么事名，代,數(shù),不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.謂語說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組Sheisdancingunderthetree.賓語表示動(dòng)作仃為的對(duì)象同主語BothofuslikeEnglish.表語與聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞連用，一

2、起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征同主語Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形,代,數(shù),名,畐1，介詞短語或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.狀語修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，畐詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.主語（subject）句子說明的人或事物Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.（名詞）Shewentoutinahurry.（代詞）Fourplusfourise

3、ight.（數(shù)詞）Toseeistobelieve（不定式）Smokingisbadforhealth.（動(dòng)名詞）Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.（名詞化的形容詞）Whathehassaidistrue.（句子）找出下列句中的主語：1、Thesunrisesintheeast.2、Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.3、Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.4、Seeingisbelieving.5、Toseeistobelieve.6、Helikesdancing.7、Whatheneedsisabook.8、I

4、tisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.謂語說明主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征簡(jiǎn)單謂語：由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.復(fù)合謂語：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞；HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesdtseemtolikedancing.找出下列句中的謂語（注：只有動(dòng)詞才可作謂語。）:1. WeloveChina.2. Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.3. HecanspeakEnglish.4. She

5、seemstired.（三）賓語動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語Showyourpassport,please.（名詞）Shedidn'tsayanything.（代詞）Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwant_two.（數(shù)詞）Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.（名詞化的形容詞）Theyaskedtoseemypassport.（不定式）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（動(dòng)名詞）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（句子）（四）連系動(dòng)詞，其后面的成分叫作表語。Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetr

6、uth.TimeispreciousI'mnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon'tfeelatease.找出下列句中的表語。1.1amateacher.2. Theyareontheplayground.3. MyjobisteachingEnglish.4. Itgetscold.5. Itsoundsinteresting.常見的系動(dòng)詞有be動(dòng)詞，還有g(shù)et,become,turn,grow等表“變得”的詞,和感觀動(dòng)詞sound,look,smel,taste,fee等。（五）定語修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句Heis

7、acleverboy.（形容詞）Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.（名詞）Thereare_54studentsinourclass.數(shù)詞）Doyouknownbetty'ssister?（名詞所有格）Heboughtsomesleepingpills.（動(dòng)名詞）Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.（現(xiàn)在分詞）HisspokenIanguageisgood.（過去分詞）定語后置：如果定語是由一個(gè)單詞表示時(shí)，通常要前置。而由一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)句子表示時(shí)，通常則后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Th

8、egirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?找出下列句子的定語。1. Theblackbikeismine.2. Sheisachemistryteacher.3. Themaninblueismybrother.4. Thegirlplayingthepianoismyyoungersister.5. Theladywhoiswearingreddressisournewteacher.（六）狀語狀語的功用：狀語說明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。Iwillbeb

9、ackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.HewaslatebecausehegotuplateHegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallme訐itisnecessaryThisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.找出下列句中的狀語1. Weoftenhelphim.2. Ireallydon'tlikethefood.3. Hedidhishomeworkcarefullyathome.4. HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.5. WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeadoctor.隨堂練習(xí)：分析下列句子結(jié)構(gòu)：1) Youareastudent.2) Hefelthappytoday.3) Whatyousaidmademehappy.4) CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?5) Afterhefinishedhish