英語數(shù)詞及練習(xí)

1、英語數(shù)詞及練習(xí)一、概述表示數(shù)目與順序的詞，叫做數(shù)詞（numeral）。數(shù)詞有兩種：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞與不定代詞相似，其用法相當于形容詞或名詞?？梢栽诰渲谐洚斁渥映煞?，如可用作主語、定語、賓語、介詞賓語、表語、同位語或狀語等。One added to six is seven.六加一等于七。（基數(shù)詞作主語）It is not rare in the 90s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education. 在90年代50多歲的人上大學(xué)深造并不稀奇。(基數(shù)詞作介詞賓語)The hundredth

2、 cave that George has discovered in his lifetime is near the Alps.喬治一生中發(fā)現(xiàn)的第100個洞在阿爾卑斯山附近.（作定語）China is one sixth larger than the United States. 中國比美國大六分之一倍。（作狀語）6 divided by 2 is 3.六除以二等于三。（作表語）二、基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目的詞是基數(shù)詞（cardinal numeral），如one(一)，two（二），thirty（三十）等。1、最基本的基數(shù)詞1.one2.two3.three4.four5.five6six7.s

3、even8.eight9.nine10.ten11.eleven12.twelve13.thirteen14.fourteen15.fifteen16.sixteen17.seventeen18.eighteen19nineteen20.twenty30.thirty40.forty50.fifty60.sixty70.seventy80.eighty90.ninety100a hundred1,000a thousand1,000,000a million1,000,000,000a billion(美)a thousand million(英)2、其它基數(shù)詞（1）21-99先“幾十”再”幾

4、”，中間加連字符。21 twenty-one 25 twenty-five 99 ninety-nine巧記100內(nèi)的基數(shù)詞：十二以內(nèi)詞各異，十三數(shù)到十九去，后加-teen莫忘記；二十、三十至九十，整十之后有-ty；要說“幾十幾”，中間“-”號別丟棄，hundred是“一百”，請你記住莫大意。（2）100及100以上的基數(shù)詞100及100以上的基數(shù)詞，以末位向前推（每三位一節(jié)），依次須用到hundred, thousand, million, billion等。（3）基數(shù)詞的讀法三位數(shù)的讀法:第一個數(shù)字+hundred+ and+后面的一位或兩位數(shù)字101 one hundred and on

5、e 450 four hundred(and)fifty 999 nine hundred and ninety-nine 1，000以上的數(shù)的讀法:先從后向前數(shù)，每三位數(shù)加一個逗號，第一個逗號前的數(shù)字用thousand(千)，第二個逗號前的數(shù)字用million(百萬)，用 “幾十thousand”表示 “幾萬”，以 “幾百thousand”表示 “幾十萬”，用 “幾十million”表示 “幾千萬”，用”幾百million”表示 “幾億”。百位與十位（或個位）之間用and（偶爾可不用）5，643 five thousand six hundred and forty-three865，432

6、 eight hundred sixty-five thousand four hundred and thirty-two 6，000，000 six million60，000，005 sixty million and five8，000，000，000 eight billion(=eight thousand million) 13，789，653thirteen million seven hundred and eighty-nine thousand six hundred and fifty-three。巧記讀數(shù)：從右向左三逗開，一逗千，二逗百萬，三逗就是十萬萬；左右三位分開

7、讀，保你又快又喜歡。注：逗指逗號。3、基數(shù)詞的用法（1）基數(shù)詞的功能基數(shù)詞在句子中可以做主語、賓語、定語、表語、同位語等，其句法功能基本上相當于名詞或形容詞。One and two is three.一加二等于三。（做主語，表語）Fifty divided by five is ten.五十除以五等于十。（做主語，表語）I wanted three, but he gave me two.我想要三個，他卻給我兩個。（作賓語）It brings us in two million dollars a year.這給我們帶來每年兩百萬美元的收入。（作定語）Is there room for us

8、three? 有我們?nèi)说奈恢脝?？（作同位語）The town has a population of one hundred thousand.這個城鎮(zhèn)擁有十萬人口。（介詞賓語）注意：hundred, thousand, million等基數(shù)詞作定語時，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表示數(shù)量之多，可以用它們的復(fù)數(shù)形式加of短語。hundreds of(或hundreds and hundreds of)好幾百，成百上千的，thousands of成千上萬的，thousands upon thousands of數(shù)以千計的，tens of thousands of千千萬萬的，millions of幾百萬的。

9、Tens of thousands of deer are kept in the nature park.在那座公園里養(yǎng)著數(shù)以萬計的鹿。（2）事物編號一般用基數(shù)詞第209房間 Room 209 第三部分 section 3/part 3南京路308號 308 Nanjing Road 電話號碼398688 TEL 3698688注意：也有用序數(shù)詞表示的，如Lesson Eleven,亦作the Eleventh Lesson等。（3）某些數(shù)學(xué)算式表示法3+2=5Three/and/plus/added two is/equals five10-5=5Ten minus/less five i

10、s five。Five from ten leaves five.2×3=6Two times /by three is / makes six.6÷2=3Six divided by two equals/gives three.ABABABAB A is more than B.A is less than B.A approximately equals to B.A is not equal to B.（4）hundred，thousand，million的用法當前面有數(shù)詞以及many，several等詞修飾時，這三個詞用單數(shù)形式，后面直接跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞。Two hun

11、dred old people died of cold last winter. 去年冬天200名老人被凍死。several thousand enemies 幾千敵人當這幾個詞前面沒有數(shù)詞而后面有of時，則一定要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示數(shù)百、 數(shù)千等籠統(tǒng)的數(shù)目概念。hundreds of dollars 數(shù)百美元millions of ants 數(shù)百萬螞蟻（5）score(二十)，dozen (打；十二個)的用法dozen當dozen與基數(shù)詞或many, several等連用時，不加“-s”，所修飾的名詞前常省去of。但是，在a dozen of these people, two dozen o

12、f them等短語中應(yīng)加of。這是因為習(xí)慣上在these, those, us等詞前，應(yīng)該用dozen of的緣故。two dozen books 兩打書 two (many, several)dozen pencils 兩打（幾打）鉛筆Shortly after the accident, two dozen police were sent to the post to keep order. 事故后不久，二十四名警察被派往郵局維持秩序。Mr. Smith asked me to buy several dozen eggs for the dinner party.史密斯先生讓我買幾打雞

13、蛋吃。scorescore意為“二十”。two score of people中應(yīng)加of，但three score and ten people，“70人”中不加of。scores of people意為“許多人”。上述這兩個詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式與of連用時，表示不確切的數(shù)量，意為“許多，大量的 ”。for dozens of years 好幾十年以來 scores of years ago 許多年前scores of times 許多次巧用hundred等：hundred，thousand和million，有時含糊有時清。清時無s和of，糊時s和of跟。三、序數(shù)詞表示順序的詞是序數(shù)詞（ordinal

14、 numeral），如first(第一)，second(第二)，thirtieth(第三十)等。序數(shù)詞前一般要加定冠詞。1、最基本的序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞縮寫漢譯序數(shù)詞縮寫漢譯firstsecondthirdfourthfifthsixthseventheighthninthlst2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th第一第二第三第四第五第六第七第八第九tentheleventhtwelfththirteenthnineteenthtwentiethtwenty-firstthirty-fourthninety-third10th11th12th13th19th20th21st34th93rd

15、第十第十一第十二第十三第十九第二十第二十一第三十四第九十三（1）序數(shù)詞1-19除第一（first），第二（second）,第三（third）有特殊形式外，其余均由-th結(jié)尾即基數(shù)詞+th構(gòu)成，其中有幾個序數(shù)詞加-th時拼法不規(guī)則，分別是fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth，需多加注意。（2）十位整數(shù)的序數(shù)詞十位整數(shù)的序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是將相應(yīng)的基數(shù)的詞尾-ty中的y變?yōu)閕，然后再加-eth,如forty-fortieth.（3）第“幾十幾”基數(shù)詞“幾十幾”變成序數(shù)詞時，僅將個位變成序數(shù)詞。twenty-two twenty-secondeighty-three eighty

16、-thirdninety-ninth ninety-ninth（4）序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式由阿拉伯數(shù)字加上序數(shù)詞的最后兩個字母構(gòu)成。first1st second2nd third3rd forth4th twenty-first21st ninety-fifth95th 巧記基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞：基變序，很容易，結(jié)尾加上“th”。一二三特殊記，結(jié)尾各是t、d、d。八減t，九去e，f來把ve替，y改為“ie”，結(jié)尾仍有“th”。若是遇到幾十幾，只變個位就可以。2、序數(shù)詞的用法（1）序數(shù)詞的功能序數(shù)詞在句子中可用做主語、賓語、定語、表語等，主要用作定語，其前面常用定冠詞the。The fir

17、st is the most important of the three.第一個是三個中最重要的。（做主語）Dr. Wang was among the first to arrive.王博士是首批到達的。（作賓語）The first Olympic Games in modern times was help in 1896.首屆現(xiàn)代奧林匹克運動會于1896年舉行。（作定語）You will be the third to speak.你將是第三個發(fā)言。（作表語）（2）序數(shù)詞前不用定冠詞的情況表示順序的語氣很弱，具有“又一”、“再一”的意思時，其前要用不定冠詞，不用定冠詞。I'll

18、 have to do it a second time.我只得再做一次。A third bullet passed.又一顆子彈飛過。序數(shù)詞前有指示代詞、物主代詞、名詞所有格或every時，不用定冠詞。He made his first set in an old box.他在一個箱子里做了他的第一個設(shè)備。Berlin in 1929 held a public celebration on Einsteins fiftieth birthday.柏林在一九二九年愛因斯坦第五十歲生日時舉辦了一個公開慶祝會。在表示分數(shù)的序數(shù)詞前不用定冠詞。From then on he toured three

19、-fourths of Beijing.從那以后他逛了四分之三的北京城。Two-thirds of the area is covered by trees.三分之二的地區(qū)為森林所覆蓋。數(shù)詞與名詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞時，不用定冠詞。There is a first-class hotel over there.那邊有一個一流的賓館。He went to a second-hand bookshop.他去了舊書書店。序數(shù)詞用作副詞時，不用定冠詞。Why did the captain first hesitate in letting the boy risk climbing the tree?為什么

20、上尉一開始猶豫讓那個男孩冒險爬樹？We first met in London.我們第一次是在倫敦相見。在一些由序數(shù)詞構(gòu)成的固定詞組里不用定冠詞。at first 開始 first of al1首先 from first to last自始至終3、數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞一般都以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但在下面幾種情況下卻要用復(fù)數(shù)：（1）表示幾十歲時“二十多歲”說twenties，表示的是20歲到29歲。依次類推，thirties表示“三十幾歲”，forties表示“四十幾歲”，但“十幾歲”不可說tens，而要說teens，指13歲至19歲。The hero of the story is an a

21、rtist in his thirties.故事的主人翁是一位三十多歲的藝術(shù)家。He looked quite healthy though he was in his seventies.雖然他七十多歲了她看上去很健康。（2）表示幾十年代時“二十世紀八十年代”寫成1980s或1980s，均讀作nineteen eighties，指的是1980至1989年這十年間，需注意的是，年代用文字表示時則不可用-'s形式。Great changes took place in the l970s.在二十世紀七十年代發(fā)生了很大的變化。History has entered the eighties

22、.歷史進入到八十年代。（3）表示不確定數(shù)目時這時要在million，thousand，hundred等詞后加上-s并與of連用，表示大約多至“數(shù)以計”，但millions of等前不能再加基數(shù)詞，卻可加some，several等表示不確定數(shù)目的修飾語。Millions of other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun.數(shù)以百萬計的星球甚至比太陽還大還亮。Some hundreds of new buildings have been put up here this year.今年這里建了幾百棟新樓。（4）在分數(shù)中當基數(shù)詞(表示分

23、子)大于one時，序數(shù)詞(表示分母)要用復(fù)數(shù)，兩者之間用不用連字符號均可。Two thirds of the teachers in our school are women.我們學(xué)校三分之二的老師是女的。She has spent four-fifths of her money.她把自己的花了五分之四。（5）當基數(shù)詞用作可數(shù)名詞或用于某些固定詞組中時，也要用復(fù)數(shù)。How many sevens are there in forty-nine?49是由幾個七組成？They arrived by twos and threes.他們?nèi)齼蓛傻膩砹?。Wait a minute. Ill be f

24、inished in two twos.請等一下，我馬上就來。四、分數(shù)詞、小數(shù)、和百分數(shù)1、分數(shù)（1）分數(shù)的構(gòu)成法分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞；分子大于”1”時，分母加”s”（即序數(shù)詞應(yīng)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)）。 1/3 one-third 1/4 one-fourth 2/5 two-fifths5/12 five-twelfths two and five-twelfths另外還有下列構(gòu)成法：1/2 a (one)half 1/4 a quarter 3/4 three quarters one and a half巧記分數(shù)：分子基數(shù)詞，分母序數(shù)詞，分子大于“1”，分母加“-s”。帶分數(shù)莫著急，前加整數(shù)就

25、可以。分母若是“2”和“4”，half、quarter可代替。（2）分數(shù)的功能分數(shù)在句子中可用做主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。A quarter of the students are girls.四分之一的學(xué)生是女生。（做主語）The sea covers two-thirds of the surface of the earth.海洋覆蓋了地球表面的三分之二。（作賓語）China is one-sixth larger than the United States.中國比美國大六分之一。（作狀語）The crop that year was only one half of the u

26、sual amount.那年的收成只是平常年景的一半。（作表語） （3）作主語是謂語動詞的數(shù)表示幾分之幾 (或百分之幾)的人或物時，須在分數(shù) (或百分數(shù))和人或物間加of。若充當主語，謂語動詞的數(shù)須與of后的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。One third of the students are girls.1/3的學(xué)生是女生。Sixty percent of her income was spent on clothes.她收入的60%花在了服裝上。但當表示人口的幾分之幾 (或百分之幾)作主語時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The population in China is very large, and

27、eighty percent of it are farmers.中國的人口眾多，其中80%是農(nóng)民。2、小數(shù)（1）小數(shù)的表示和讀法小數(shù)用基數(shù)詞表示，注意其讀法小數(shù)點讀作point,零讀作zero或naught。小數(shù)點后的數(shù)字按個位基數(shù)詞依次讀出。0.1 (zero)point one 2.05 two point zero3.145 three point one four five 14.32 fourteen point three two（2）小數(shù)的功能小數(shù)在句子中一般作定語The rope is 1.8 metres long.繩子長1.8米。0.8 metre 0.8米 2.5 to

28、ns 2.5噸3.百分數(shù)（1）百分數(shù)的表示百分數(shù)由基數(shù)詞加percent表示。5% five percent 25% 25percent0.15% zero point one five percent(2)百分數(shù)的功能在句子中可做主語、賓格、表語、定、狀語等。作狀語時，常與by連用。More than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.百分之七十多的地球表面被水覆蓋著。The output of cars has increased 20 percent.汽車的產(chǎn)量已增長了20%。The price was

29、reduced by 15.5percent.價格降低了15.5%。五、基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞的其他應(yīng)用。1、年、月、日表達法（1）年代表達法年代用基數(shù)詞表示，時間前用介詞in。221BC two hundred and twenty-one BC/two twenty-one BC.in 1901 in nineteen and one/nineteen hundred and one/nineteen o onein 1979 in nineteen seventy-nine /nineteen hundred and seventy-nine in 1600 in sixteen hundred

30、.注意：年代后不用year，但可放在數(shù)詞前in the year 1979一九七九年 the twenties,20s二十年代in one's twenties某人二十多歲（2）月份表達法月份前用in，月份名稱第一個字母須大寫。in January(in Jan.) in May.in September (in Sept.) in December(in Dec.)（3）日期表達法用序數(shù)詞表示，前面加the，在某日前用介詞on。on the first 在一日 on the thirtieth在三十日（4）某年某月某日表達法in October,1949 一九四九年七月 on Oct

31、ober 1,1949一九四九年七月一日May 1(st)(May the first)五月一日 Mar.5(th)(March the fifth)三月五日2、時刻表達法時刻用基數(shù)詞表示。時間巧說：數(shù)字說法時后分，quarter,half不可用。如果出現(xiàn)past,to，分鐘在前記心中。past過，差幾分to，分鐘小于三十分。 （1）表示“幾點鐘”用“整點數(shù)+oclock(可省略)”。8：00 eight(o'clock) 12：00 twelve(o'clock)（2）表示“幾點過幾分” 在半小時之內(nèi)表示“幾點過幾分”，而分鐘數(shù)又在半小時之內(nèi)（包括半小時）可用”分鐘數(shù)+pas

32、t/after(美)+鐘點數(shù)”。8：15 a quarter past/after eight8：20 twenty past eight8：30 half past eight（3）表示”差幾分幾點”，而且不超過半小時表示“差幾分幾點”，而且不超過半小時，可用”分鐘數(shù)+to/of(美)+鐘點數(shù)”。10：45 a quarter to /of eleven11：55 five to /of twelve 注意：表示在某時用介詞at，任何時刻均可直接按數(shù)字順序讀，8：05 eight five等。We begin classes at eight.我們八點開始上課。3、倍數(shù)表達法 （1）倍數(shù)+

33、as.as倍數(shù)+as.as（意為“A是B的幾倍”，多用于對客觀事物的比較。）Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲有歐洲的四倍大。This dictionary is twice as heavy as that one.這本字典有那本字典的兩倍重。（2）倍數(shù)+比較級形式+than倍數(shù)+（形容詞/副詞）比較級形式+than，意為“增加（多）幾倍”。This type of car uses three times more petrol than that type does.這種汽車比那種汽車的耗油多三倍。The house is twice lar

34、ger than that one.這間房子比那間大兩倍。（3）倍數(shù)+ the size of倍數(shù)+ the size/length/depth of .意為”是幾倍大/長/深”。The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球的大小是月球的四十九倍。Shanghai is ten times the size of our hometown.上海有我們家鄉(xiāng)的十倍大。（4）倍數(shù)+ that of倍數(shù)+ that of .多用于生產(chǎn)、產(chǎn)量等方面的比較。Their grain output is now 3.5 times that of 1980.他們的

35、糧食產(chǎn)量是1980年的3.5倍。4、基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞連用時基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞連用時，一般將序數(shù)詞放在基數(shù)詞前面；當用基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞時，其后的名詞要用單數(shù)形式。The first three parts need to be revised.前三部分需要修訂。a six -year -old girl一個六歲女孩a five-hundred-word composition一篇五百字的作文六、加減乘除的表示法1、加法的表達法如表達“幾加幾是多少”，可用“What/How much is+基數(shù)詞and/plus+基數(shù)詞？”；如表達“幾加幾等于幾”，可用“基數(shù)詞and+基數(shù)詞is基數(shù)詞”。What/

36、How much is seven and eight?7加8是多少？Seven and eight is fifteen. 7加8等于15。2、減法的表達法如表達“幾減幾是多少”，可用“What/How much is+基數(shù)詞minus+基數(shù)詞？”；如表達“幾減幾等于幾”，可用“基數(shù)詞minus+基數(shù)詞is基數(shù)詞”。What/How much is seven minus eight?7減8是多少？Twenty-three minus eight is fifteen.23減8等于15。3、乘法的表達法如表達“幾乘幾是多少”，可用“What/How much is+基數(shù)詞times+基數(shù)詞？

37、”；如表達“幾乘幾等于幾”，可用“基數(shù)詞times+基數(shù)詞is基數(shù)詞”。What/How much is seven times eight?7乘8是多少？5 times 8 is 40. 5×8=404、除法的表達法如表達“幾除以幾是多少”，可用“What/How much is+基數(shù)詞divided by+基數(shù)詞？”；如表達“幾除以幾等于幾”，可用“基數(shù)詞divided by+基數(shù)詞is基數(shù)詞”。20 divided by 4 is 5. 20÷4=5What/How much is 64 divided by eight?64除以8是多少？七、點擊考點1.-Have

38、you seen_workers pass by? -Yes，I've seen_them.A. woman;hundreds of B. women; hundreds ofC. woman;two hundred of D. women; hundreds2.Having done three experiments without rest，they were_out to go on with_one.A. so tired; a fourth B. so tiring ;the fourthC. too given; the fourth D. too worn; a fou

39、rth3.-What's the date today?-It's _.A. Sunday B. August the ninthC. the first of May D. October fifth4.Hainan is _ island.A. China's second largest B. the China's second largestC. the second China's largest D. China's the second largest5.In her _she began to take up writing.A

40、. forties B. fourties C. fortieth D fourtieth6._summer Olympics was held in Barcelona in SpainA. The Twenty-four B. Twenty-four C. The Twenty-forth D. Twenty-fourth7.The Sao Paulo fire broke out _February 4th，1974.A. in B. on C. at D. for8.-How many new jobs can you give to the people here?-Three _ and _.A. hundred; eighty-six B. hundreds; eighty-sixC. hundred; eighty-sixth D. hundreds; eighty-sixth9.-What time did finish your homework yeste