組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)_組培_英語詞匯表_雙語

1、上皮組織被覆上皮單層扁平上皮內(nèi)皮問皮單層立方上皮單層柱狀上皮假復(fù)層纖毛柱狀上皮復(fù)層扁平上皮變移上皮細(xì)胞衣微絨毛纖毛緊密連接中間連接橋粒縫隙連接基膜質(zhì)膜內(nèi)褶半橋粒GlossaryEpithelial Tissue ,epi' 9i：li?l 'ti ?ucovering epitheliumsimple squamous epithelium 'skweim ?s endothelium ,end ?u'G:li?mmesothelium ,mes?u' ei:li?msimple cuboidal epithelium kju:'b ?idlsi

2、mple columnar epithelium k?'l?mn? pesudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium stratified squamous epithelium 'str? tifaid transitional epitheliumcell coatmicrovillus(microvilli) ,maikr ?u'vil ?scilium(cilia) 'sili ?mtight junctionintermediate junctiondesmosome 'dezm ?s?umgap ju

3、nctionbasement membraneplasma membrane infolding 'pl ? zm?hemidesmosome結(jié)締組織固有結(jié)締組織疏松結(jié)締組織致密結(jié)締組織網(wǎng)狀組織脂肪組織成纖維細(xì)胞巨噬細(xì)胞漿細(xì)胞肥大細(xì)胞脂肪細(xì)胞基質(zhì)膠原纖維彈性纖維網(wǎng)狀纖維網(wǎng)狀細(xì)胞軟骨軟骨組織透明軟骨彈性軟骨纖維軟骨軟骨細(xì)胞Connective Tissueconnective tissue proper loose connective tissue dense connective tissue reticular tissue ri'tikjul ? adipose tiss

4、ue ' ? dip ?us fibroblast 'faibr ?ubl a:st macrophage 'm ? kr?ufeid? plasma cell mast cellfat cellground substancecollagenous fiber k?'l? d?n?s elastic fiberreticular fiberreticular cellcartilage 'k atilid ?cartilage tissuehyaline cartilage 'hai ?lain elastic cartilagefibrous

5、 cartilage/fibrocartilage chondrocyte 'k?ndr?saitisogenous group ai's?d?in?s同源細(xì)胞群perichondrium ,peri'k?ndri ?m軟骨膜bone骨osseous tissue/bone tissue '?si?s骨組織bone matrix骨質(zhì)osteoprogenitor cell骨祖細(xì)胞osteoblast '?sti?ubi? st成骨細(xì)胞osteocyte '?sti?sait骨細(xì)胞osteoclast '?sti?ukl? st破骨細(xì)胞ci

6、rcumferential lamella l?'mel ?環(huán)骨板osteone骨單位Haversian system哈弗斯系統(tǒng)interstitial lamella問骨板periosteum ,peri, ?sti?m骨外膜endosteum en'd ?sti?m骨內(nèi)膜Blood血液serum 'si?r?m 血清blood plasma血漿Wright's stain瑞氏染色hemocyte 'hi:m ?sait血細(xì)胞erythrocytei'ri &?usait紅細(xì)胞hemoglobin(Hb) ,hi:m?u' gl

7、?ubin, ,hem-血紅蛋白reticulocyte ri'tikjul ?usait網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞leukocyte'lju：k?usait白細(xì)胞granulocyte ' gr? njul?usait有粒白細(xì)胞agranulocyte ei'夕？ njul?usait無粒白細(xì)胞azurophilic granules gr? nju：ls嗜天青顆粒neutrophil (neutrophilic granulocyte) 'nju:tr ?fil 中性粒細(xì)胞 eosinophil ,i:?'sin?fil,-fail,-fil嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞ba

8、sophil 'beis ?fil嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞monocyte 'm ?n?usait單核細(xì)胞lymphocyte 'limf ?usait淋巴細(xì)胞blood platelet 'pleitlit血/卜板Muscle Tissue肌組織muscle fiber肌纖維sarcolemma ,sa:k?u'lem ?肌膜sarcoplasm 's a:k?pl? z?m肌漿sarcoplasmic reticulum肌漿網(wǎng)skeletal muscle 'skelit?l骨骼肌epimysium ,epi'misi ?m肌外膜peri

9、mysium ,peri'mi ?i?m, -zi ?m肌束膜endomysium ,end?'mizi ?m肌內(nèi)膜striated muscle 'straieitid橫紋肌myofilament ,mai?u'fil?m?nt肌絲isotropic band ,ais?u'tr ?pikI 帶anisotropic band ? n,ais?u'tr?pikA 帶sarcomere 's ak?mi?肌節(jié)myofibril ,mai?u'faibril肌原纖維transverse tubule (T tubule)橫小管lon

10、gitudinal tubule ,l?nd?i'tju:din ?l縱小管terminal cisternae 't?：min?i si'st?：ni：終池triad 'trai ?d, - ? d三聯(lián)體cardiac muscle 'k adi? k心肌intercalated disc閏盤diad 'dai ? d二聯(lián)體smooth muscle平滑肌神經(jīng)組織 神經(jīng)細(xì)胞 神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞 神經(jīng)元胞體 突起樹突 軸突 尼氏體 神經(jīng)原纖維 神經(jīng)絲微管 突觸 軸體突觸 軸樹突觸 化學(xué)性突觸 突觸前成分 突觸小泡 突觸間隙 突觸后成分 膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞 星形膠

11、質(zhì)細(xì)胞 少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞 小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞 室管膜細(xì)胞 施萬細(xì)胞 神經(jīng)膜細(xì)胞Nervous Tissue nervous cell neuroglial cell neuron 'nju ?r?n soma 's?um? neurite 'nju ?rait dendrite 'dendrait axon ' ? ks?n Nissl's body neurofibril ,nju ?r?u'faibril neurofilament ,nu?r?'fil?m?nt microtubule ,maikr ?u'tju:bju:l s

12、ynapse'sain?ps, axosomatic synapse axodendrite synapse chemical synapse presynaptic element ,pri:si'n ? ptik synaptic vesicle 'vesikl synaptic cleft postsynaptic element glial cell ' tai?l astrocyte '? str?sait oligodendrocyte '?li g ndendr ?sait microglia mai'kr ?glai? e

13、pendymal cell e'pend ?,me?ri Schwann's cell neurilemmal cell ,njur?l?'m? tiksatellite cell 's? t?lait衛(wèi)星細(xì)胞nerve fiber神經(jīng)纖維myelinated nerve fiber 'mai ?lineitid,有髓神經(jīng)纖維unmyelinated nerve fiber無髓神經(jīng)纖維central axon '? ks?n軸索myelin sheath髓鞘neurilemma神經(jīng)膜Ranvier's node郎飛結(jié)internode &

14、#39;int ?n?ud結(jié)間體nerve神經(jīng)epineurium ,epi'nju ?ri?m神經(jīng)外膜perineurium ,per?'nju:ri ?m神經(jīng)束膜endoneurium ,per?'nju:ri ?m神經(jīng)內(nèi)膜sensory nerve ending感覺神經(jīng)末梢free nerve ending游離神經(jīng)末梢encapsulated nerve ending in'k? ps?leitid被囊神經(jīng)末梢tactile't? ktail corpuscle 'k?:p?sl觸覺小體lameller corpuscle 'k?:

15、p?sl環(huán)層小體muscle spindle 'spindl肌梭motor nerve ending運動神經(jīng)末梢somatic s?u'm ?tik motor nerve ending軀體運動神經(jīng)末梢visceral 'vis?r?l motor nerve ending內(nèi)臟運動神經(jīng)末梢motor end plate運動終板Circulatory System循環(huán)系統(tǒng)Cardiovascular system ,k adi?u'v? skjul?心血管系統(tǒng)heart心walls of heart心壁endocardium ,end?u'kcrdi?m心

16、內(nèi)膜endothelium ,end ?u'G:li?m內(nèi)皮subendothelial layer 'lei?subendocardial layerPurkinje fibersmyocardium ,mai ?u'k adi?mepicardium ,epi'k adi ?martery ' at?rimedium-sized arterymuscular arterytunica intima 'tju:nik ? 'intim ?internal elastic membranetunica mediatunica advent

17、itia ,?dven'ti ?external elastic membranelarge arteryelastic arterysmall arteryarteriole a'ti?ri?ucapillary k?'pil?ri, 'k? pi-continuous capillaryfenestrated fi'nestreitid capillarydiscontinuous sinusoidal ,sin?s?idl capillary內(nèi)皮下層心內(nèi)膜下層浦肯野纖維心肌膜心外膜動脈中動脈肌性動脈內(nèi)膜內(nèi)彈性膜中膜外膜外彈性膜大動脈彈性動脈小動脈微

18、動脈毛細(xì)血管連續(xù)性毛細(xì)血管有孔毛細(xì)血管不連續(xù)毛細(xì)血管血竇blood sinusoidvein veinlymphatic ,lim'f ? tik systemlymphatic capillarylymphatic vessel 'ves?l lymphatic trunks lymphatic ducts靜脈淋巴系統(tǒng)毛細(xì)淋巴管淋巴管淋巴干淋巴導(dǎo)管免疫系統(tǒng) 淋巴器官 中樞淋巴器官 周圍淋巴器官 淋巴組織 彌散淋巴組織 淋巴小結(jié) 免疫細(xì)胞 胸腺被膜 小葉間隔 胸腺細(xì)胞 上皮網(wǎng)狀細(xì)胞 胸腺上皮細(xì)胞 胸腺小體 淋巴結(jié) 小梁皮質(zhì)淋巴竇 被膜下淋巴竇 小梁周竇 淺層皮質(zhì) 副皮質(zhì)區(qū) 胸腺

19、依賴區(qū) 髓索 髓竇脾 白髓Immune i'mju:n System lymphoid 'limf ?id organ central lymphoid organ peripheral p?'rif?r?l lymphoid organ lymphatic tissue diffuse lymphoid tissue lymphoid nodule 'n?dju:l,-d ?u:l immune cell thymus ' Oaim ?s capsule 'k? psju:l interlobular septum thymocyte '

20、; Oaim?sait epithelial reticular cell thymic epithelial cell thymic corpuscle lymphoid node trabecula cortical sinus 'sain ?s subcapsular sinus peritrabecular sinus superficial ,sju:p ?'fi? cortex 'k?:teks paracortex zone p ? r?'k?:teks thymus dependent area medullary cord 'med ?

21、l?ri medullary sinus spleen white pulp p?lpperiarterial lymphatic sheath動脈周圍淋巴鞘central artery中央動脈splenic corpuscle 'k?:p?sl脾小結(jié)red pulp紅髓splenic cord脾索splenic sinus脾竇marginal zone 'm ctd?in?l邊緣區(qū)palatine 'p ? l?tain tonsil 't?nsil腭扁桃體mononuclear ,m ?n?u'nju:kli ? phagocytic ,f? g &

22、#39;sitik 單核吞噬細(xì)胞系統(tǒng) systemDigestive System消化系統(tǒng)digestive di'd ?estiv tract消化管mucosa mju:'k?us?粘膜lamina propria固有層muscularis mucosa粘膜肌層submucosa粘膜下層muscularis肌層adventitia ,?dven'ti ?i?外膜tongue t?舌l(xiāng)ingual 'li ?然?l papilla p?pil ?舌乳頭filiform papilla絲狀乳頭fungiform 'filif?:m papilla菌狀乳頭c

23、ircumvallate ,s?:k?m'v?leit papilla輪廓乳頭esophagus i:'s?f? g s食管stomach胃fundic 'f ?ndik gland胃底腺chief cell主細(xì)胞zymogen cell 'zaim?ud?n胃酶細(xì)胞parietal cell p?'raiit?l壁細(xì)胞oxyntic '?ksintik cell泌酸細(xì)胞mucous 'mju:k ?s neck cell頸粘液細(xì)胞small intestine in'testin小腸plicae 'plaik ? cir

24、cularis環(huán)行皺裳absorptive ?b's?:ptiv cell吸收細(xì)胞striated border紋狀緣goblet cell杯狀細(xì)胞endocrine cell 'end ?ukrain,內(nèi)分泌細(xì)胞small intestinal gland小腸腺Paneth cell潘氏細(xì)胞undifferentiated cell未分化細(xì)胞intestinal vilus腸絨毛large intestine大腸digestive gland消化腺pancreas 'p? nkri?s胰exocrine portion 'eks?krain外分泌部pancre

25、as islet 'ailit胰島glucagon ' u:k?g n胰高血糖素insulin 'insjulin胰島素somatostatin,s ?um?t?'st? tin,生長抑素liver'liv?肝hepatic hi'p ?tiklobule/live門obule/'l ?bju:l/肝小葉hepatic plate/liver plate肝板limiting plate界板hepatocyte'hep ?t?sait,肝細(xì)胞Kupffer cell庫普弗細(xì)胞hepatic sinusoid 'sain ?s

26、?id肝血竇Disse space狄氏間隙perisinusoidal space竇周隙bile bailcanaliculus,k ? n?'likjul ?s膽小管portal canal area門管區(qū)interlobular vein小葉間靜脈interlobular artery小葉間動脈呼吸系統(tǒng)導(dǎo)氣部interlobular bile duct小葉間膽管Respiratory 'resp ?r?t?ri,Systemtracheatr?'ki:?, 'treiki ?lungl? conducting portion lobar bronchus&#

27、39;br ?k?s small bronchusbronchiole'br ?ki?ulterminal 't ?:min?lbronchiolerespiratory'resp ?r?t?ri, portionrespiratory bronchiolealveolar ? l'vi?l? ductalveolar sacpulmonary, 'p ?lm?n?ri acinus'?sin?salveolar epitheliumtype I alveolar celltype n alveolar cellsurfactants?:'

28、;f? kt?ntalveolar septum'sept ?malveolar porepulmonary macrophagedust cellblood-air barrierrespiratory membraneUrinary'ju ?rin ?ri Systemkidney 'kidnirenal'ri:n?l cortex'k ?:teks細(xì)支氣管終末細(xì)支氣管呼吸部呼吸性細(xì)支氣管肺泡管肺泡囊肺泡肺泡上皮I型肺泡細(xì)胞n型肺泡細(xì)胞表面活性物質(zhì)肺泡隔肺泡孔肺巨噬細(xì)胞塵細(xì)胞血-氣屏障呼吸膜泌尿系統(tǒng)腎腎皮質(zhì)腎髓質(zhì)renal medulla me

29、9;d ?l?cortical labyrinth 'l ?b?rin q皮質(zhì)迷路medullary ray髓放線uriniferous tubule泌尿小管nephron 'nefr ?n腎單位renal corpuscle腎小體vascular'v?skjul? pole血管極urinary pole尿極renal glomerulus (J?'merjul ?s腎小球mesangium me's?nd?i?m血管系膜mesangial cell系膜細(xì)胞mesangial matrix'meitriks系膜基質(zhì)renal capsule &#

30、39;k? psju:l腎小囊parietal layer p?raiit?l壁層visceral layer 'vis?r?l臟層capsular space腎/、囊月空podocyte p ?d?'sait足細(xì)胞slit membrane裂孔膜filtrationfil'trei ? membrane濾過膜filtration barrier濾過屏障renal tubule腎小管proximal'pr ?ksim?l tubule近端小管thin segment 'se ？nt細(xì)段distal tubule dis't ?l遠(yuǎn)端小管pars

31、convolute 'k ?nv?,lu:t曲部pars recta 'rekt ?直部proximal convoluted tubule近曲小管brush border刷狀緣lateral process側(cè)突basal striation基底縱紋distal convoluted tubule遠(yuǎn)曲小管collection tubule集合管juxtaglomerular ,d ?kst?(j?'merjul ? complex球旁復(fù)合體juxtaglomerular apparatus ,? p?reit?s腎小球旁器juxtaglomerular cell球旁細(xì)胞

32、renin 'ri:nin, 're-腎素macula 'm ? kjul? densa致密斑extraglomerular mesangial cell球外系膜細(xì)胞Skin皮膚epidermis,epi'd ?:mis表皮dermis'd ?:mis真皮stratum'streit ?m, basale基底層stratum spinosum棘層stratum granulosum顆粒層stratum lucidum透明層stratum corneum'k ?:ni?m角質(zhì)層melanocyte'mel ?n?usait黑素細(xì)胞L

33、angerhans cell朗格漢斯細(xì)胞papillaryp ?'pil ?ri layer乳頭層reticular layer網(wǎng)織層hypodermis,haip ?u'd?:mis皮下組織Eye眼eyeball眼球fibrous tunic 'tju:nik纖維膜vascular tunic 'v ?skjul?血管膜retina 'retin ?視網(wǎng)膜cornea 'k?:ni?角膜corneal epithelium角膜上皮anterior limiting lamina前界層corneal stroma 'str?um?角膜基質(zhì)

34、posterior limiting lamina后界層corneal endothelium角膜內(nèi)皮layers of retina視網(wǎng)膜的分層pigment 'pi ?nt epithelium layer色素上皮層layer of rods and cones視桿視錐層layer of bipolar bai'p ?ul? cell雙極細(xì)胞層layer of ganglion cell ' g ? g?n節(jié)細(xì)胞層pigment epithelial cell色素上皮細(xì)胞visual cell 'vizju?l視細(xì)胞photoreceptor cell ,f

35、?ut?uri'sept?感光細(xì)胞rod cell視桿細(xì)胞cone cell k?un視錐細(xì)胞bipolar cell bai'p ?ul?雙極細(xì)胞ganglion cell節(jié)細(xì)胞Endocrine System 'end ?ukrain, -krin內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)endocrine gland內(nèi)分泌腺nitrogen- 'naitr ?d?n containine hormone 'h?:m?un含氮激素細(xì)胞cellsteroid secretory si'kri:t ?ri cell類固醇分泌細(xì)胞thyroid gland ' 9air?

36、id甲狀腺thyroid hormone甲狀腺激素follicular f ?likjul ? epithelial cell濾泡上皮細(xì)胞thyroglobulin, 9air?u' d?bjuli ?iodination碘化的甲狀腺球蛋白,ai?udi'nei ?ncolloid 'k?l?id膠體thyroxine Oai'r?ksi:n, -sin甲狀腺素triiodothyronine(T3)三碘甲狀腺原氨酸t(yī)etraiodothyronine(T4)四碘甲狀腺原氨酸parafollicular cell濾泡旁細(xì)胞calcitonin ,k? lsi&#

37、39;t?unin降鈣素parathyroid ,p?r? Tir?id甲狀旁腺chief cell主細(xì)胞parathyroid hormone甲狀旁腺激素oxyphil cell嗜酸性細(xì)胞adrenal ?dri:n ?l gland腎上腺zona glomerulosa球狀帶鹽皮質(zhì)激素醛固酮束狀帶糖皮質(zhì)激素皮質(zhì)酮網(wǎng)狀帶嗜銘細(xì)胞腎上腺素去甲腎上腺素垂體嗜堿性細(xì)胞促甲狀腺激素細(xì)胞促甲狀腺激素促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素細(xì)胞促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素促性腺激素細(xì)胞腺垂體遠(yuǎn)側(cè)部嗜酸性細(xì)胞生長激素細(xì)胞生長激素促乳激素細(xì)胞促乳激素卵泡刺激素黃體生成素間質(zhì)細(xì)胞刺激素嫌色細(xì)胞中間部促黑素激素細(xì)胞黑素細(xì)胞刺激素結(jié)節(jié)部神經(jīng)垂體神經(jīng)

38、部垂體細(xì)胞赫林體下丘腦視上核室旁核加壓素抗利尿激素mineralocorticoid ,min 才？l?u'k?:tik?id aldosterone , ? Id ?u'ster ?un zona fasiculata Glucocorticoid ,u:k?u'k?:tik?id corticosterone,k ?:ti'k?st?r?un zona reticularis chromaffin kr ?u'm ?fincell adrenaline ?'dren ?lin epinephrine,epi'nefrin norepi

39、nephrine/noradrenaline pituitary gland pi'tju:it ?ri basophilic cell,beis ?filik thyrotroph thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)/thyrotropin adrenocorticotroph(ACTH cell)/corticotroph adrenocorticotropin ?'dri:n ?u,k?:tik?u'tr?pin gonadotroph adenohypophysis, ?d ?n?uhai'p ?fisis pars dis

40、talis acidophilic cell ,? sid?u'filik somatotroph 's ?um ?t?tr?uf somatotropin/growth hormone(GH) mammotroph/prolactin cell mammotropin,m ? m?u'tr ?upinfollicle'f ?likl stimulating'stimjuleiti ? hormone(FSH) luteinizing'lu:tiinaiz hormone(LH) 'h ?:m?un interstitial cell s

41、timulating hormone(ICSH) chromophobe cell pars intermedia melanotroph melanocyte stimulating hormone(MSH) pars tuberalis neurohypophysis,nju ?r?uhai'p ?fisis pars nervosa pituicytepi'tju:isait Herring 's body hypothalamus,haip ?u' 0 ?l?m?s supraoptic nucleus,sju:pr ?ptik paraaventric

42、ular nucleus vasopressin(VP) ,veiz?u'presin antidiuretic hormone(ADH) '?nti,daiju ?'retikoxytocin(OT) ,?ksi't?usin,-'t ?- infundibulum ,inf?n'dibjul ?mMale Reproductive System ,ri：pr?'d?ktivtestis 'testisseminiferous tubule ,semi'nif 才？sinterstitial tissuespermato

43、genic epithelium ,sp ?:m?t?u'd ?enik,spermatogenic cellspermatogonium ,sp?:m?t?u'g uni?m, primar spermatocyte 'sp?:m?t?usait, secondary spermatocytespermatid 'sp?m?tidspermatozoon ,sp?:m?t?u'z?u?nsustentacular cell ,s?sten't? kjul?, interstitial cellandrogenFemale Reproductiv

44、e Systemovary '?uv?risuperficial epitheliumovarian cortex 'k ?:teksovarian medulla me'd ?l?催產(chǎn)素漏斗男性生殖系統(tǒng)睪丸生精小管問質(zhì)生精上皮生精細(xì)胞精原細(xì)胞初級精母細(xì)胞次級精母細(xì)胞精子細(xì)胞精子支持細(xì)胞間質(zhì)細(xì)胞雄激素女性生殖系統(tǒng)卵巢表面上皮卵巢皮質(zhì)卵巢髓質(zhì)門細(xì)胞hilus cell 'hail ?sfollicle 'f?liklprimordial follicle prai'm ?：dj?iprimary cocyteoogonium , ?u?' g Uni?mfollicular cell f?likjul?primary folliclezona pellucidacorona k?r?un? radiata 'reidi,eit ?secondary folliclefollicular cavityfol