自動(dòng)化專業(yè)英語(yǔ)講義-學(xué)生用

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上自動(dòng)化專業(yè)英語(yǔ)講義(2010-2011第學(xué)期)課前要求：通讀課文1遍、將生詞查出。課后要求：獨(dú)立完成作業(yè)。預(yù)習(xí)下次課的內(nèi)容成績(jī)計(jì)算辦法：平時(shí)成績(jī)50%，期末考試成績(jī)50%。平時(shí)成績(jī)由作業(yè)(約40分)和出勤(約10分)等決定，缺交作業(yè)、或者作業(yè)抄襲者被發(fā)現(xiàn)（包括將作業(yè)給別人抄襲者）本次記為0分。作業(yè)要整潔。作業(yè)必須按時(shí)完成，必須在上課前交作業(yè)！請(qǐng)假者，請(qǐng)通過(guò)他人交作業(yè)。答疑地點(diǎn)：杰德控制系統(tǒng)工程研究中心（一校西門南 三層樓305室）答疑時(shí)間：每周工作日上午10:0011:30、下午3:005:00(周四除外)之間,請(qǐng)先電話聯(lián)系辦公電話：2554參考書：工業(yè)自動(dòng)化專業(yè)外語(yǔ)

2、，王樹(shù)青，韓建國(guó)編，化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2001年。自動(dòng)化專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程王宏文，機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2007年。Modern Control System，R.C. Dorf, R.H. Bishop，科學(xué)出版社，2004年。自動(dòng)化專業(yè)英語(yǔ)，李國(guó)厚，王春陽(yáng)，北京大學(xué)出版社，2006年。，任金霞,任金霞,何小陽(yáng)，華中科技大學(xué)出版社，2008年。自動(dòng)化專業(yè)英語(yǔ)，王旸,原馳,哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)，2008年。自動(dòng)化專業(yè)英語(yǔ)，王建國(guó),陳東淼，中國(guó)電力出版社，2005年。自動(dòng)控制專業(yè)英語(yǔ)，沈宏，電子工業(yè)出版社，2003年。自動(dòng)控制專業(yè)英語(yǔ)，李國(guó)厚，清華大學(xué)出版社，2005年。自動(dòng)化專業(yè)英語(yǔ)，戴文進(jìn)，章衛(wèi)國(guó)，武漢理工大學(xué)

3、出版社，2006年。自動(dòng)化與電子信息專業(yè)英語(yǔ)，楊植新，周勁，孫江波，電子工業(yè)出版社，2009年。教學(xué)課號(hào)教學(xué)時(shí)間講課內(nèi)容提要交翻譯練習(xí)周次月日0194.18Pronunciation of mathematical expressions; Major catalogue; Periodicals and journals0294.20Specified English words and expressions for automation and thermal system03104.25Introduction to process control; PID control04104.

4、27Introduction to modern control theory05115.2Fundamentals of Process Control06115.4A Process Control System07125.9On the Adaptive Control08125.11The introduction of fuzzy control09135.16PLC10135.18Intelligent Robots11145.23The Application of Computers12145.25Renewable energy13155.30Introduction to

5、optimization algorithm14156.1Introduction to thermal systems15166.6Steam temperature control and CCS16166.8How to write a technological paper, especially the abstractNo.1 Pronunciation of mathematical expressions; Major catalogue; Periodicals and journals1.1 Pronunciation of Mathematical Expressions

6、The pronunciations of the most common mathematical expressions are given in the list below. In general, the shortest versions are preferred (unless greater precision is necessary).1、Logicthere Existsfor All / Anyp implies q / if p, then qp if and only if (iff) q / p is equivalent to q / p and q are

7、equivalent2、Setsx belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of Ax does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of AA is contained in B / A is a subset of BA contains B / B is a subset of AA cap B / A meet B / A intersection BA cup B / A join B / A union BA minus B / the difference bet

8、ween A and BA cross B / the Cartesian product of A and B3、Real numbersx plus onex minus onex plus or minus onexy / x multiplied by yx minus y, x plus yx over y / x on ythe equals signx equals 5 / x is equal to 5x (is) not equal to 5x is equivalent to (or identical with) yx is not equivalent to (or i

9、dentical with) yx is greater than yx is greater than or equal to yx is less than yx is less than or equal to yzero is less than x is less than 1zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1mod x / modulus x / absolute value of xx squared / x (raised) to the power 2x cubedx to the fourth

10、 / x to the power fourx to the nth / x to the power nx to the (power) minus n(square) root x / the square root of xcube root (of) xfourth root (of) xnth root (of) xx plus y all squaredx over y all squaredn factorialx hatx barx tildexi / x subscript i / x suffix / x sub xi / x superscript i / x super

11、fix / x super the sum fromequals one to n ai / the sum as runs from 1 to n of the ai4、Linear algebrathe norm (or modulus) of xOA / vector OA OA / the length of the segment OAA transpose / the transpose of AA inverse / the inverse of A5、Functionsf x / f of x / the function f of xa function f from S t

12、o Tx maps to / x is sent (or mapped) to f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to xf doubleprime x / f doubledash x / the second derivative of f withrespect to xf tripleprime x / f tripledash x / the third derivative of f with respect to xf four x / the fourth derivative of

13、f with respect to xpartial F on partial x / partial differential F on xthe partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1the integral from zero to infinitythe limit as x approaches zerothe limit as x approaches zero from abovethe limit as x approa

14、ches zero from belowlog y to the base e/ log to the base e of y / natural log (of) ylog y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) yIndividual mathematicians often have their own way of pronouncing mathematical expressions and in many cases there is no generally accepted “correct” p

15、ronunciation.Distinctions made in writing are often not made explicit in speech; thus the sounds fx may be interpreted as any of: fx,The difference is usually made clear by the context; it is only when confusion may occur, or where he/she wishes to emphasize the point, that the mathematician will us

16、e the longer forms: f multiplied by x, the function f of x, subscript x, line FX, the length of the segment FX, vector FX.Similarly, a mathematician is unlikely to make any distinction in speech (except sometimes a difference in intonation or length of pauses) between pairs such as the following: an

17、d and and 6、其它數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)和公式例子4/5four fifths / 4 on 50.025zero point zero two five 38.49thirty-eight point four nine2%two per centthe second power of five / five to the power twothe square root of xsix times the seventh power of tenplus ; positive-minus ; negativemultiplied by ; times; /divided by=is equal

18、 to ; equals( )round brackets ; parentheses (parenthesis)i; jimaginary unitfactorial asine of xarc sine of xthe product of the terms indicatedthe sum of the terms indicatedb primeb second primeb sub twob second prime sub mthe first derivative of y with respect to xthe second derivative of y with res

19、pect to xintegral between limits a and bx approaches to infinitya plus b is equal to ca minus b equals cs equals v multiplied by tv equals s divided by ta plus b minus c multiplied by d, all divided by e equals fC over R equals G divided by the sum of one and H times G 1.2 Major Catalogue根據(jù)國(guó)家教委1998年

20、頒布的新專業(yè)目錄（Major Catalogue），將原工業(yè)自動(dòng)化（Industrial Automation）、自動(dòng)控制（Automatic Control）、自動(dòng)化（Automation）、電氣技術(shù)（Electrical Technology）等專業(yè)合并統(tǒng)稱為自動(dòng)化專業(yè)（Automation）。全國(guó)專業(yè)指導(dǎo)委員會(huì)對(duì)本專業(yè)本、?？粕把芯可谋匦拚n程（compulsory subjects/required subjects）和選修課程（elective subjects）做了指導(dǎo)性規(guī)劃，除一些大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)課程外，還應(yīng)包括的主要專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課和專業(yè)課有：電路（Theory of Circuit）模擬

21、電子技術(shù)（Analog Electronics Technology）數(shù)字電子技術(shù)（Digital Electronics Technology）電力電子技術(shù)（Power Electronics Technology）電磁場(chǎng)（Electromagnetic Field）電工測(cè)量（Electric Measurement）電機(jī)學(xué)（Theory of Electric Motors）自動(dòng)控制理論（Automatic Control Theory）現(xiàn)代控制理論（Modern Control Theory）微機(jī)原理（Principle of Microcomputer）計(jì)算機(jī)控制技術(shù)（Computer

22、 Control Techniques）自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)裝置（Automatic Regulators）過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)（Process Control System）電氣自動(dòng)控制（Electrical Automatic Control）電力拖動(dòng)基礎(chǔ)（Fundamental of Electric Drive）交流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)（AC Motor Speed Regulating System）電力拖動(dòng)自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)（Automatic Control System for Electric Drive）單片機(jī)應(yīng)用（Application of Single-chip Computer）可編程序控制器系統(tǒng)（Pr

23、ogrammable Logical Controller System）供電技術(shù)（Power Supplying Technology）系統(tǒng)仿真（System Simulation）樓宇自動(dòng)化（Building Automation）線性系統(tǒng)（Linear System）自適應(yīng)控制（Adaptive Control System）系統(tǒng)辨識(shí)（System Identification）模糊控制與神經(jīng)元網(wǎng)絡(luò)（Fuzzy Control and Neutral Network）電氣CAD（Electrical CAD）計(jì)算機(jī)多媒體與網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)（Multimedia and Network Techn

24、ique）運(yùn)動(dòng)控制（Motion Control）網(wǎng)絡(luò)化控制系統(tǒng)（Networked Control System）1.3 Periodicals and Journals1.3.1 國(guó)內(nèi)自動(dòng)化專業(yè)主要期刊(略)1.3.2國(guó)外自動(dòng)化專業(yè)主要期刊國(guó)別中譯刊名外文刊名刊號(hào)美國(guó)IEEE電力輸送匯刊IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery730B0001TPD美國(guó)蘇聯(lián)電氣工程Soviet Electrical Engineering730B0078美國(guó)日本電工Electrical Engineering in Japan732B0068美國(guó)電氣世界Electrical W

25、orld721B0003美國(guó)控制與系統(tǒng)Cybernetics and Systems737B0055美國(guó)自動(dòng)化Automation737B0015美國(guó)電機(jī)與動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)Electric Machines Power Systems732B0007美國(guó)控制論Cybernetics737B0005美國(guó)IEEE工業(yè)電子學(xué)匯刊IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics730B0001美國(guó)IEEE能量轉(zhuǎn)換匯刊IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion730B0001-TBC美國(guó)控制工程Control Engineering737B

26、0013美國(guó)IEEE 工業(yè)應(yīng)用匯刊IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications730B0001美國(guó)IEEE 控制系統(tǒng)雜志IEEE Control System Magazine730B0001美國(guó)IEEE 自動(dòng)控制匯刊IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control730B0001美國(guó)儀表與控制系統(tǒng)I&CS(Instruments & Control Systems)美國(guó)IEEE功率電子學(xué)匯刊IEEE Transactions on Power electronics美國(guó)IEEE動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)匯刊IEEE Trans

27、actions on Power Systems美國(guó)IEEE儀表與測(cè)量匯刊IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement730B0001-TIM美國(guó)IEEE機(jī)器人與自動(dòng)化雜志IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation730B0001-JRA美國(guó)IEEE機(jī)器人與自動(dòng)化匯刊IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation730B0001美國(guó)IEEE系統(tǒng)、人與控制論匯刊IEEE Transactions on Systems、Man and Cybernetics73

28、0B0001TSMC美國(guó)IEEE模式分析與機(jī)器信息匯刊IEEE Transaction on Pattern, Analysis and Machine Intelligence737B0021英國(guó)現(xiàn)代動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)Modern Power Systems720C0069英國(guó)電氣工程師協(xié)會(huì)評(píng)論IEE Review736C0058英國(guó)電氣評(píng)論Electrical Review730C0002英國(guó)自動(dòng)化Automation737C0006英國(guó)自動(dòng)化Automatica737C0003英國(guó)控制與儀表應(yīng)用Control & Instrumentation737C0002英國(guó)國(guó)際控制雜志Interna

29、tional Journal of Control737C0001英國(guó)模式識(shí)別Pattern Recognition738C0065英國(guó)國(guó)際電力與能源系統(tǒng)雜志International Journal of Electrical Power Energy Systems730C0083英國(guó)英國(guó)電氣工程師學(xué)會(huì)B輯：電力應(yīng)用IEE Proceedings, B: Electric Power Application730C0004-B英國(guó)電氣工程師協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)報(bào)D輯：控制理論與應(yīng)用IEE Institution of Electrical Engineers Proceedings, D: Contro

30、l Theory and Applications730C0004德國(guó)電工學(xué)雜志ETZ-Eledtrotechnische Zeitschrift730E0005德國(guó)電工技術(shù)文獻(xiàn)ETZ Arehiv721E0004德國(guó)能量與自動(dòng)化Energy &AutomationISSN0931-6221德國(guó)電能Elektrie721A0001德國(guó)電技術(shù)Elektrodechnik730E0053德國(guó)計(jì)量-控制-調(diào)節(jié)MSR(Messen,Steuern,Regeln)737A0001德國(guó)自動(dòng)化技術(shù)Automatisierungs-Technik738E0005德國(guó)電子學(xué)Elektronik(Fach

31、zelitschrift fur Entwickle und Industrielle Anwender)736E0001德國(guó)德國(guó)工程師協(xié)會(huì)志VDI-A(Zeitschrift fur Maschinenbau und Metallbear-beilung)710E0002法國(guó)電學(xué)雜志Revue Generale de 1Electricite Elektrotechnik730F0004瑞士電技術(shù)Elektrotechnik730LD057瑞士ABB評(píng)論ABB Review730LD002荷蘭人工智能Arifical Intelligence738LB003意大利自動(dòng)化與計(jì)分表裝置Autom

32、azione e Strumentazione737MC052日本計(jì)測(cè)與控制計(jì)測(cè)與控制737D0055日本三菱電機(jī)技報(bào)三菱電機(jī)技報(bào)732D0005日本電氣評(píng)論電氣評(píng)論721D0050日本歐姆電氣雜志OHM電氣雜志732D0006日本電氣學(xué)會(huì)雜志電氣學(xué)會(huì)雜志730D0087日本電氣學(xué)會(huì)論文志，B電氣學(xué)會(huì)論文志，B730D0087-B日本儀表應(yīng)用與控制工程Instrumentation and Control EgineeringISSN:0955-9531日本機(jī)器人機(jī)器人737D0060日本系統(tǒng)與控制系統(tǒng)與控制737D0053日本人工智能學(xué)會(huì)志Journal of Japanese Societ

33、y for Artificial Intelligence737D00741.3.3 國(guó)內(nèi)外自動(dòng)化學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)體1、美國(guó)電氣與電子工程師學(xué)會(huì)（The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers，簡(jiǎn)稱IEEE）IEEE是電氣與電子工程方面目前世界上最大的學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)體。它與100多個(gè)國(guó)家建立了人事往來(lái)和學(xué)術(shù)交流活動(dòng)，并已逐漸發(fā)展成一個(gè)國(guó)際性的機(jī)構(gòu)?，F(xiàn)有國(guó)內(nèi)外會(huì)員20余萬(wàn)人。IEEE活動(dòng)主要是舉辦大量國(guó)際性或全國(guó)性會(huì)議和出版期刊和會(huì)議錄，舉辦各種展覽會(huì)，組織會(huì)員訪問(wèn)科研單位和工廠企業(yè)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室、進(jìn)行職業(yè)調(diào)查并出版相應(yīng)的調(diào)查報(bào)告等。IEEE按專業(yè)活動(dòng)劃分為：

34、計(jì)算機(jī)；控制系統(tǒng)；電介質(zhì)與電氣絕緣；電子器件；工業(yè)應(yīng)用；工業(yè)電子學(xué)；信息理論；測(cè)試設(shè)備與測(cè)量；大功率電子學(xué)（委員會(huì)）；機(jī)器人與自動(dòng)學(xué)（委員會(huì)）；系統(tǒng)、人與控制論等10個(gè)部和36個(gè)技術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)和委員會(huì)。2、英國(guó)電氣工程師學(xué)會(huì)（The Institute of Electrical Engineers，簡(jiǎn)稱IEE）IEE目前有會(huì)員82 000人，主要活動(dòng)也是召開(kāi)學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議和出版科技刊物。IEE與IEEE相似，每年要組織召開(kāi)許多國(guó)際會(huì)議和討論會(huì)，多數(shù)出版會(huì)議錄或論文摘要，并以連續(xù)出版物的形式出版IEE會(huì)議出版物（IEE Conference Publication）或IEE討論會(huì)論文摘要（IEE Coll

35、oquium Digest），這類出版物均以會(huì)議名稱命名，并有連續(xù)編號(hào)，如International Conference on Mobile Radio Systems and Techniques（Conf.Publ.No.238）。IEE編輯出版的刊物中影響較大的是IEE會(huì)報(bào)，共分AJ 10個(gè)分輯（雙月刊），均為工程學(xué)的核心期刊。3、國(guó)內(nèi)主要相關(guān)專業(yè)性學(xué)會(huì)中國(guó)自動(dòng)化學(xué)會(huì)中國(guó)電機(jī)工程學(xué)會(huì)中國(guó)動(dòng)力工程學(xué)會(huì)中國(guó)系統(tǒng)仿真學(xué)會(huì)中國(guó)儀器儀表學(xué)會(huì)中過(guò)電工技術(shù)學(xué)會(huì)中國(guó)電子學(xué)會(huì)中國(guó)系統(tǒng)工程學(xué)會(huì)中國(guó)計(jì)算機(jī)學(xué)會(huì) No.2 Specified English words and expressions for

36、automation and thermal systemactuator 執(zhí)行器adaptive control 自適應(yīng)控制amplitude 幅值振幅anti-reset windup 抗積分飽和assumption 假設(shè)automatic control 自動(dòng)控制auto-tuning 自整定bandwidth 帶寬black-box model 黑箱模型white-box model 白箱模型gray-box model 灰箱模型boiler drum 汽包水位capacitance 電容capacitor 電容characteristic equation 特征方程closed-lo

37、op stability 閉環(huán)穩(wěn)定controller tuning 控制器整定converge 收斂convergence 收斂性diode 二極管direct-digital-control 直接數(shù)字控制distributed control 分布控制emission 排放，散發(fā)empirical model 經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ蚭quilibrium 平衡點(diǎn)feedback control 反饋控制fuzzy control 模糊控制fuzzification 模糊化de-fuzzification 解模糊generalized predictive control 廣義預(yù)測(cè)控制generator

38、發(fā)電機(jī)turbo-generator 汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)turbo-generator unit 汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)組feed-forward control 反饋控制intelligent control 智能控制linear quadratic regulator LQR，線性二次高斯控制magnitude 大小，幅值manual control 手動(dòng)控制multiple variable system 多變量系統(tǒng)numerator polynomial 分子多項(xiàng)式negative feedback control 負(fù)反饋控制partial fraction expansion 部分分式展開(kāi)proport

39、ional plus integral plus derivative control PID控制physical modeling 物理模型prerequisite 先決條件process control 過(guò)程控制ratio control 比率控制robustness 魯棒性saturation 飽和self-tuning regulator 自校正調(diào)節(jié)器set-point 設(shè)定值simulation research 仿真研究startup/start-up 啟動(dòng)state space model 狀態(tài)空間模型step function 階躍函數(shù)step response 階躍響應(yīng)pul

40、se response 脈沖響應(yīng)system identification 系統(tǒng)辨識(shí)s-plane s平面z-plane z平面theorem 定理theoretical 理論上的thermocouple 熱電偶time delay 時(shí)延transducer 傳感器sensor 傳感器transfer function 傳遞函數(shù)transmitter 變送器true value 真值unit matrix 單位矩陣valve 閥門voltage 電壓white noise 白噪聲color noise 有色噪聲zero-order hold 零階保持器open-loop 開(kāi)環(huán)closed-lo

41、op 閉環(huán)minimum-phase 最小相位non-minimum phase system 非最小相位coal-fired power plant 燃煤發(fā)電廠circulating fluidized bed boiler 循環(huán)流化床鍋爐disturbance rejection 抗擾動(dòng)feed-forward plus feedback control 前饋加反饋控制cascade control system 串級(jí)控制steam temperature 蒸汽溫度f(wàn)irst order system 一階系統(tǒng)second order system 二階系統(tǒng)first order plus

42、 pure time delay system 一階加純滯后系統(tǒng)(FOPDT)second order plus pure time delay system 二階加純滯后系統(tǒng)(SOPDT)critical 臨界的sub-critical 亞臨界的super-critical 超臨界的ultra-super-critical 超臨界的carbon monoxide (CO) 一氧化碳carbon dioxide (CO2) 二氧化碳nitrogen oxide (NOx) 氮氧化物板式空氣預(yù)熱器 plate air-preheater半無(wú)煙煤 semi-anthracite半直吹式燃燒 sem

43、i-direct firing備件 duplicate part, renewals備品 spare parts備用 reserve備用電源 reserve power supply備用發(fā)電廠 stand-by generator備用發(fā)電機(jī) reserve feed tank備用機(jī)組 stand-by set, stand-by unit, reserve machine備用零件 spare detail本征矢量/特征矢量 eigenvector本征值/特征值 eigenvalue泵 pump給水泵 feed water pump閉式循環(huán) closed circulating, closed

44、cycle表面式減溫器 surface type attemperator表面式冷卻器 surface cooler表面式凝汽器 surface condensor并列運(yùn)行 parallel operation不靈敏區(qū) dead zone不完全燃燒 incomplete combustion廠用電 auxiliary power, station service除氧 deaeration除氧器 deaerator除氧水箱 deaerator storage tank吹灰器 soot blower擋板 baffle plate, dash低速磨煤機(jī) low speed mill調(diào)峰 cyclin

45、g loading對(duì)流過(guò)熱器 convection superheater發(fā)電成本 generating cost輻射式過(guò)熱器 radiant superheater負(fù)荷分配 load distribution鋼球磨煤機(jī) ball tube mill給煤機(jī) coal feeder, pulverized coal feeder給粉機(jī) pulverized fuel feeder, pulverized coal feeder鼓風(fēng)機(jī) blower, aerator鍋爐 boiler超臨界鍋爐 supercritical boiler亞臨界鍋爐 subcritical boiler燃煤鍋爐 coa

46、l-fired boiler燃油鍋爐 oil-fired boiler直流鍋爐 once-through boiler回轉(zhuǎn)式空氣預(yù)熱器 rotary air-preheater機(jī)組負(fù)荷 unit load經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)荷 economic load空氣 air一次空氣 primary air 二次空氣 secondary air三次空氣 tertiary air過(guò)?？諝?excess air空氣預(yù)熱器 air preheater, air heater板式空氣預(yù)熱器 plate air preheater管式空氣預(yù)熱器 tubular air preheater回轉(zhuǎn)式空氣預(yù)熱器 rotary air

47、preheater三分倉(cāng)空氣預(yù)熱器 trisector air preheater爐膛安全監(jiān)控系統(tǒng) furnace safeguard supervision system (FSSS)凝汽器 condensor排粉機(jī) pulverizer exhauster頻率 frequency額定頻率 normal frequency固有頻率 inherent frequency工頻 power frequency自然頻率 natural frequency燃燒 combustion切圓燃燒 tangential combustion四角燃燒 diagonal combustion熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn) cogeneration熱電偶 thermocouple, thermopair省煤器 economizer脫硫 desulphurization旋風(fēng)分離器 cyclone separator送風(fēng)機(jī)/鼓風(fēng)機(jī) forced fan (FDF)引風(fēng)機(jī)/吸風(fēng)機(jī) induced fan (IDF)再熱器 reheater專業(yè)詞匯往往有其特殊詞義(不能只記得單詞的一個(gè)意思)：memory 內(nèi)存；記憶bus 總線(Field Bus Control Syst