初中英語(yǔ)的不定式和動(dòng)名詞

1、初中不定式和動(dòng)名詞一、動(dòng)詞不定式：構(gòu)成：to + 動(dòng)詞原形1.下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式作：want 想要,agree hope 希望,earn promise 保證,plan同意,choose選擇,decide 決定,expect學(xué)會(huì)，need 必要，offer 提供，prefer計(jì)劃2.下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞(即動(dòng)詞Enjoy; mind; practice; finishadmit ; keep; spend; feel likerefuse 拒絕，wish 希望，would like +ing );suggest ;deny;+ doing sth.望，寧愿, +to do想要enjoy do

2、ing sth., practice doing sth. feel like doing sth. have fun doing sth. deny doing sth.介意做某事，做完某事堅(jiān)持做某事建議做某事承認(rèn)做某事喜歡做某事mind doing sth.練習(xí)做某事 finish doing sth.想要做某事 keep doing sth.盡情做某事suggest doing sth.否認(rèn)做某事admit doing sth.be/get used to doing sth.spend (in) doing sth.be busy doing sthprefer doing sth.

3、to doing sth習(xí)慣做某事look forward to doing sth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事can t help doing sth.忙于做某事be worth doing sth盼望做某事 情不自禁做某事 值得做某事與相比更喜歡做某事pay attention to doing sth.注意做某事開始做某事， 喜歡做某事；憎恨做某事3 .有些動(dòng)詞后面既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞，意思相同。如:begin/start to do sth.= begin/start doing sth like/love to do sth= like / love doing sth.hate to d

4、o sth. =hate doing sth.4 .有些動(dòng)詞后接不定式或名詞時(shí)，意思不同。如:s best to do sth.盡力去做某事1 ) remember doing sth. remember to so sth.2 ) forget doing sth. forget to do sth.3 ) try to do sth.=do one記得作過某事（某事已做過） 記住去做某事（某事還沒做）忘了作過某事（某事已做過） 忘了去做某事（某事還沒做）try doing sth.4 ) stop doing sth.stop to do sth.5) go on doing sth. g

5、o on to do sth.嘗試做某事停止做某事（停止正在做的事）停下來(lái)做某事（停止的事去做另外的事）繼續(xù)做某事（同一件事）接著去做某事（不同的事）5.下列動(dòng)詞跟動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):vt.+sb. to do sth.vt.+ sb.+not to do sth.Want/ask/ tell /order/ allow/ wish/beg/advise / call /invite +sb. to do sth.She told me to buy a ticket.她讓我去買張票My mother often tells me not to go out at night.后的不定式

6、可帶to,也可不帶toThe teachers helped the students(to) learn English wellHe often helps his mother7.動(dòng)詞不定式省to的情況一感 feel二聽 hear, listen to(to) tidy up the room.+sb. do sth.那些老師幫助學(xué)生學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。 他經(jīng)常幫助他媽媽整理房間。三使 have, let, make四看 see, watch, look at, notice -常考短語(yǔ)： hear/see/ make / let sb. do sth.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Sb. be heard/ see

7、n/made/let to do sth.（變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)補(bǔ)回to ）I often see him help others. I Ie is often seento help other by me.二、動(dòng)詞不定式的句式：1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，常用 it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句。It + is/was+adj.+（for sb.） + to do sth.To learn English well is useful. = It s useful to learn English well.學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是有用的。To protect environment is impor

8、tant for us.=It s important for us to protect environment.對(duì)于我們來(lái)說保護(hù)環(huán)境是很重要的。2. It is / was + adj.（kind / good/ nice/ clever） + of sb. +to do sth.It s very kind of you to help me. =You are very kind to help me你幫助我真是太好啦。It s very clever of you to do like that尸You are clever to do like that你那樣做真的太聰明啦。這個(gè)句

9、型的形容詞為表示人的品格，氣質(zhì)之類的詞?？梢缘扔诰湫停簊b. is / was + adj. +to do sth.3. It takes （ took , will take ） sb. some time to do something.（做某事花費(fèi)某人時(shí)間 ）1.1. 主語(yǔ) + find / think + it + 形容詞 + （for sb.） + to doI find it easy to read English every day.我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語(yǔ)和容易的。He felt it hard to sleep.他覺得很難入睡。I think it very interesting

10、to learn English.我認(rèn)為學(xué)英語(yǔ)很有趣。We found it impossible to cross the river.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)過河是不可能的。5 .不定式作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的“職業(yè)、職責(zé)或性質(zhì)”等Her job is to clean the hall .她的工作就是打掃大廳。My dream is to be a teacher. 我的夢(mèng)想是當(dāng)一名教師。6 .不定式作狀語(yǔ)的用法He worked day and night to get the money. （表目的）他日夜工作來(lái)賺錢。He is too young to go to school.（表結(jié)果）他太小以致不能上

11、學(xué)。They were very sad to hear the news.（表原因）聽到這個(gè)消息他們非常傷心。The question is simple for him to answer.（表程度）這個(gè)問題對(duì)他來(lái)說太容易回答了。7 .動(dòng)詞不定式可以和疑問詞who, what, which, when, how, where（why除外）等連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。Can you tell me how to get to the post officeI didn t know what to do next.How to learn English well is the question

12、 that we all want to ask.The question is when to get there.What to do 與 how to do 的區(qū)別：I don t know what to do next我不知道下一步該做什么。（What to do 后沒有sth.）I don t know how to use this machine.我不知道怎么樣使用這部機(jī)器（ how to do +sth.）三、動(dòng)名詞 （動(dòng)詞+ing ）作用相當(dāng)于名詞。（可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)）1. Reading is an art.讀書是一種藝術(shù)。（作主語(yǔ)）task is clean

13、ing the windows.你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。（作表語(yǔ)）3. He likes swimming.（作賓語(yǔ)）washing machine 洗衣機(jī)，a reading room 閱覽室（作定語(yǔ)）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(不定式和動(dòng)名詞)專練()1. Mother told her son in the street.A. not play B. to not play C. doesn t play D. not to play()2. His wish was a scientist.A. to becomes B. becomes C. become D. to become()3. It s r

14、aining hard. You d better A. go out B. not go out C. not to go out D. to not out()4. Do you know washing machineA. where to get B. to where to get C. where get D. to where get()5. The students don t know next.A. how to B. what to do C. what do D. do what()6. Would you mind me how English wordsA. tel

15、ling , to remember B. telling, rememberC. tell, to remember D. tell, remember()7. Mr. Brown asked us to stop , and we stopped him at once. A. talking, to listen to B. to talk, to listenC. talking, listening D. talk, listen()8. -What are you going to be after you finish college- Im going to be a sing

16、er, but my parents me to be a doctor.A. hope B. want C. make D. let()I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhang s home just now.-Yes , she is often seen the old man with his housework.A. help B. to help C. helps D. helped()10. -Do you need to get there before ten -No, I . A. don t have to B. don t need C. can

17、t D. mustn t()12. After she finished the letter, she went to bed.A. to write B. writing C. written D. wrote()13. It was very late at night, he still went on . A. works B. worked C. working D. work()Have you finish the book-Not yet. I ll try it to you before Friday.A. reading, returning, B. to read,

18、to return C. reading, to return, D. to read, returning()15. The old man is strong enough. He prefers to . A. walking, riding B. walk, ride C. to walk, ride D. walking, ride()16. I have quite a few people . A. take care of B. to take care of C. to take care D. take care()17. I usually forget the door

19、, but I remembered it when I left yesterday.A. closing, closing B. to close, to close C. to close, closing D. closing, to close()18. I m made thirsty by the strange thing.A. feel B. feeling C. to feel D. felt()20. Im sorry your friend is ill.A. hear B. to hear C. listen D. to listen()21. -Will you p

20、lease tell John to come to my office -. A. Yes, I do B.I ll be glad C. Thank you D.I ll be glad to()22. Have you read the book It s worth .A. read B. to read C. reading D. to reading()23. This box is too heavy for the child . A. to carry it B. to carry C. carrying D. carrying it()24. The young man i

21、s old enough the army.A. join B. joining C. to join D. joins()25. The flowers need .A. watering B. to water C. water D. watered()27. -Have you finished the work-Not yet, but no matter how hard it is, we ll keep until we make it.A. failed B. trying C. tried D. falling()28. -Do you want to eat somethi

22、ng - . thanks. Iamfeeling sick now. I don t feel like .A. Yes, eating something B. No, to eat anythingC. Yes, to eat anything D. No, eating anything()Do you still remember me sometime in Shanghai-Yes, of course. Two years ago.A. to see B. see C. seeing D. saw()30. It took us a long time Hawaii, but we thought the journey was enjoyable.A. to get B. getting C. to reach D. reaching()31. I t s important the piano well.A. of him to play B. for him to play C. of him playing D. for him playing()32. Good manners usually help people to each other.A. get on well with B. get starte