常見英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法術(shù)語(yǔ)

1、常見英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法術(shù)語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法術(shù)語(yǔ)（中英對(duì)照）5語(yǔ)法 grammar句法 syntax詞法 morphology句子 sentence從句 clause詞組 phrase詞類 part of speech單詞 word實(shí)詞 notional word虛詞 structural word單純?cè)~ simple word派生詞 derivative 構(gòu)詞法，通過(guò)詞根加減字母構(gòu)成不同詞性的詞復(fù)合詞 compound 【簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)兩個(gè)單詞湊一起構(gòu)成一個(gè)新詞，比如hairdresser】詞性 part of speech名詞 noun專有名詞 proper noun普通名詞 common noun可數(shù)名詞 coun

2、table noun不可數(shù)名詞 uncountable noun抽象名詞 abstract noun具體名詞 concrete noun物質(zhì)名詞 material noun集體名詞 collective noun個(gè)體名詞 individual noun介詞 preposition連詞 conjunction動(dòng)詞 verb主動(dòng)詞 main verb及物動(dòng)詞 transitive verb不及物動(dòng)詞 intransitive verb系動(dòng)詞 link verb助動(dòng)詞 auxiliary 'zlri verb情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 modal verb規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 regular verb不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 irre

3、gular verb短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 phrasal verb限定動(dòng)詞 finite verb非限定動(dòng)詞 infinite verb使役動(dòng)詞 causative verb感官動(dòng)詞 verb of senses動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞 event verb 或者dynamic verbs(動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞)靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞 state /stative verb感嘆詞 exclamation形容詞 adjective原級(jí) positive比較級(jí) comparative最高級(jí) superlative副詞 adverb方式副詞 adverb of manner程度副詞 adverb of degree時(shí)間副詞 adverb of time

4、地點(diǎn)副詞 adverb of place修飾性副詞 adjunct連接性副詞 conjunct疑問(wèn)副詞 interrogative ,nt'rtv adverb關(guān)系副詞 relative adverb代詞 pronoun人稱代詞 personal pronoun物主代詞 possessive pronoun反身代詞 reflexive pronoun相互代詞 reciprocal r'sprk()l pronoun指示代詞 demonstrative pronoun疑問(wèn)代詞 interrogative pronoun關(guān)系代詞 relative pronoun不定代詞 indef

5、inite pronoun物主代詞 possessive pronoun名詞性物主代詞 nominal possessive pronoun形容詞性物主代詞 adjectival possessive pronoun冠詞 article定冠詞 definite article不定冠詞 indefinite article數(shù)詞 numeral基數(shù)詞 cardinal numeral序數(shù)詞 ordinal numeral分?jǐn)?shù)詞 fractional numeral形式 form單數(shù)形式 singular form復(fù)數(shù)形式 plural form限定動(dòng)詞 finite verb form非限定動(dòng)詞

6、non-finite verb form原形 base form從句 clause從屬句 subordinate clause并列句 coordinate clause名詞從句 nominal clause定語(yǔ)從句 attributive clause狀語(yǔ)從句 adverbial clause賓語(yǔ)從句 object clause主語(yǔ)從句 subject clause同位語(yǔ)從句 appositive clause時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 adverbial clause of time地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 adverbial clause of place方式狀語(yǔ)從句 adverbial clause of man

7、ner讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 adverbial clause of concession原因狀語(yǔ)從句 adverbial clause of cause結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 adverbial clause of result目的狀語(yǔ)從句 adverbial clause of purpose條件狀語(yǔ)從句 adverbial clause of condition真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句 adverbial clause of real condition非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句 adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄條件句 adverbial clause of implied co

8、ndition錯(cuò)綜條件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition句子 sentence簡(jiǎn)單句 simple sentence并列句 compound sentence復(fù)合句 complex sentence并列復(fù)合句 compound complex sentence陳述句 declarative sentence疑問(wèn)句 interrogative sentence一般疑問(wèn)句 general question特殊疑問(wèn)句 special question選擇疑問(wèn)句 alternative question附加疑問(wèn)句 tag question反義疑問(wèn)句 disjun

9、ctive question修辭疑問(wèn)句 rhetorical question感嘆疑問(wèn)句 exclamatory question存在句 existential sentence肯定句 positive sentence基本句型 basic sentence pattern否定句 negative sentence祈使句 imperative sentence省略句 elliptical sentence感嘆句 exclamatory sentence句子成分 members of sentences主語(yǔ) subject謂語(yǔ) predicate賓語(yǔ) object雙賓語(yǔ) dual object直

10、接賓語(yǔ) direct object間接賓語(yǔ) indirect object復(fù)合賓語(yǔ) complex object同源賓語(yǔ) cognate object補(bǔ)語(yǔ) complement主補(bǔ) subject complement賓補(bǔ) object complement表語(yǔ) predicative定語(yǔ) attribute同位語(yǔ) appositive狀語(yǔ) adverbial句法關(guān)系 syntactic relationship并列 coordinate從屬 subordination修飾 modification前置修飾 pre-modification后置修飾 post-modification限制 re

11、striction雙重限制 double-restriction非限制 non-restriction數(shù) number單數(shù)形式 singular form復(fù)數(shù)形式 plural form規(guī)則形式 regular form不規(guī)則形式 irregular form格 case普通格 common case所有格 possessive case主格 nominative case賓格 objective case性 gender陽(yáng)性 masculine陰性 feminine通性 common中性 neuter人稱 person第一人稱 first person第二人稱 second person第三

12、人稱 third person時(shí)態(tài) tense過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) past future tense過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) past future continuous tense過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí) past future perfect tense一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) present simple tense一般過(guò)去時(shí) past simple tense一般將來(lái)時(shí) future simple tense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) present perfect tense過(guò)去完成時(shí) past perfect tense將來(lái)完成時(shí) future perfect tense現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) present continuous tense過(guò)去進(jìn)行

13、時(shí) past continuous tense將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) future continuous tense過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) past future continuous tense現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) present perfect continuous tense過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) past perfect continuous tense語(yǔ)態(tài) voice主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) active voice被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) passive voice語(yǔ)氣 mood陳述語(yǔ)氣 indicative mood祈使語(yǔ)氣 imperative mood虛擬語(yǔ)氣 subjunctive mood否定 negation否定范圍 scope of

14、 negation全部否定 full negation局部否定 partial negation轉(zhuǎn)移否定 shift of negation語(yǔ)序 order自然語(yǔ)序 natural order倒裝語(yǔ)序 inversion全部倒裝 full inversion部分倒裝 partial inversion直接引語(yǔ) direct speech間接引語(yǔ) indirect speech自由直接引語(yǔ) free direct speech自由間接引語(yǔ) free indirect speech一致 agreement主謂一致 subject-predicate agreement語(yǔ)法一致 grammatical agreement概念一致 notional agreement就近原則 principle of proximity強(qiáng)調(diào) emphasis重復(fù) repetition語(yǔ)音 pronunciation語(yǔ)調(diào) tone升調(diào) rising tone降調(diào) falling tone降升調(diào) falling-rising tone