06考研英語歷年閱讀理解真習(xí)題精析

1、考研英語歷年閱讀理解真題精析-2006年P(guān)art OneIn spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption “l(fā)aunched by the 19th century department stores that offer

2、ed vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces fo

3、r homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that todays immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1

4、998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation-language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 C

5、ensus revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost

6、 in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a graveyard” for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanic

7、s “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez not that children in remote villages around world are fans of super

8、stars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nations assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But pa

9、rticularly when viewed against Americas turbulent past, todays social induces suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.1. The word “homogenizing” （Line 2, Paragraph 1）most probably means_A. identifying B. associating C. assimilatingD. monopolizing2. According to the author, the department

10、 stores of the 19th century_A. played a role in the spread of popular culture.B. became intimate shops for common consumers.C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.D. owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.3. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S._A. are resistant to hom

11、ogenization.B. exert a great influence on American culture.C. are hardly a threat to the common culture.D.constitute the majority of the population.4. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?A. To prove their popularity around the world. B. To reveal the publics fear o

12、f immigrants.C. To give examples of successful immigrants.D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.5. In the authors opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is A. rewardingB. SuccessfulC. fruitlessD. harmfulUnit 13（2006）Part 1重點詞匯：1.uniformityn. 一樣，一致；統(tǒng)一性；（相關(guān)詞）unifor

13、m a.相同的，統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的；be uniform with與同一形式或外貌2.casualnessn. 偶然，意外；草率行事；漫不經(jīng)心；平心靜氣3.array n. 排列；一批，大量；顯眼的一系列 vt. 排列，制定（計劃等）：array oneself 裝扮，打扮自己、搭配vast arrays of 大批的，大量的4.knowledgeablea. 有知識的，學(xué)識淵博的，有見識的5.amazev. 使（某人）驚異或驚奇6.intimatea. 密切的，親密的7.caterv. = provide food and service 提供飲食及服務(wù); 搭配 cater for（或to）提供飲食

14、及服務(wù)，迎合（某人）8.eliten.精英，尖子9.elevatevt. 提升，抬起，振作精神；使（人）歡欣鼓舞；提高（思想、道德品質(zhì)、文化素質(zhì)等）。例：Good books may elevate the mind. 好書可以提高思想修養(yǎng)。搭配elevate to 提升為，提拔至。10.unprecedenteda. 前所未有的，空前的，無前例的11.assimilation n.吸收，（社會/民族的）同化；文化的吸收 （相關(guān)詞）assimilate .into 使同化；被同化；融合到中去；assimilate .to 使（某人）相似；使相同/一模一樣；assimilate with 同化；

15、與融為一體；assimilative a. 同化的，引起同化作用的resistant（+to） 對 有抵抗力的；耐的；抗的；防的12.proficient （+in） a. 熟練的；精通的 n. 專家；能手13.intermarriagen.異族通婚；近親結(jié)婚 相關(guān)詞 intermarry with 與通婚graveyardn. 教堂墓地；公墓；垃圾場；政治上發(fā)展的終點14.immune（+to）a. phr. 有免疫力的，不易感染的15.divisive a. 引起分歧的，導(dǎo)致分裂的例：divisive issues引起分歧的重要問題相關(guān)詞divisionn. =separation or

16、distribution 分開；分配=disagreement; lack of Unity 分歧；分裂16.turbulent a.=violent; disorderly; uncontrolled; stormy騷動的，騷亂的，洶涌的，狂暴的，無序的相關(guān)詞 turbulence*波動，旋流deterioratev. 變壞，變質(zhì)，惡化17.homogenize v. 使均勻，使均質(zhì)（make the same throughout）相關(guān)詞 homogeneousa. =similar; alike 同性質(zhì)的，同類的 homogenization（趨）同化Hispanic a. 西班牙和葡萄

17、牙的；說西班牙語國家的 n.拉丁美洲人；西班牙裔人18.democratize vt. 使（某事）民主化 相關(guān)詞democracy民主,民主制democratica. 民主的,有民主精神的19.bilinguala. 會雙語的，雙語的，搭配bilingual education雙語教學(xué)superstar*n. 超級明星，巨星seethinga. 生氣的，發(fā)怒的試題解析：1【正確答案】Cassimilating【測試要點】詞匯識別題。【試題解析】根據(jù)原文首句的上下文就能確定答案是C，因為原文首句開始的in spite of表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，就是說homogenizing與前面的 difference

18、在上下文中構(gòu)成反義詞，在四個選項中能與difference構(gòu)成反義詞的只有assimilate。當(dāng)然從后文也能看出文章中的考點詞assimilate是homogenizing的同義詞。有的同學(xué)根據(jù)詞根homo表示“相同”的意思選C也是對的。另外，37題的bummer根據(jù)上文的對于“不幸”的描寫，也能選到B“令人不快的”。2【正確答案】Aplayed a role in the spread of popular culture.【測試要點】細節(jié)判斷題?！驹囶}解析】 這是一道細節(jié)題，根據(jù)其中的關(guān)鍵詞dePartment stores of the 19th century定位一段，再根據(jù)原文排除

19、可以推出A是對的。注意D顛倒了因果關(guān)系。3【正確答案】Care hardly a threat to the common culture.【測試要點】語意推斷題?！驹囶}解析】這是一道簡單的推理題。問題問文中暗示現(xiàn)在美國的移民如何？2段首句的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)not.but就告訴了我們現(xiàn)在美國移民的特點：能融入共同文化（common culture），表達這一意思的選項只有C。4【正確答案】DTo show the powerful influence of American culture.【測試要點】這是一道語意推斷題?！驹囶}解析】本題難度較大，所以在這里作一個比較詳細的解釋。A很容易排除，就不講了

20、。對于B選項只要抓住the public 就可以知道絕對不能選。注意原文some Americans fear that immigrants., “some Americans”（一些美國人）能代表the public（公眾）嗎 顯然不行，除非是Most Americans在閱讀的替換中可以認為是the public, 命題者在這里是偷換概念，也就是錯誤替換！C作者在文章中提到的成功的人物一定是移民嗎盡管從廣義上來說所有的美國人都是移民。有的考生說施瓦辛格是移民，但考研閱讀不要求考生知道背景，對所有專業(yè)的考生是公平的，即使你沒聽說過他。另外，如果題目舉這兩個人的例子就是為了說明移民本身的成功

21、，那就偏離了文章的主題，大家應(yīng)該都知道例子是為主題或者主題句服務(wù)的。本篇文章討論的主題就是美國在吸收移民方面的成功，美國文化的同化能力很強，本文并不討論移民個人的成功。請注意yet后面的內(nèi)容：然而，一些美國人擔(dān)心在美國的移民會不受美國強大的同化能力的影響（有免疫能力）。這句話的內(nèi)涵是什么呢前半句講了即使美國之外的人也崇拜美國人，那么作者就說了，人們何必擔(dān)心住在美國國內(nèi)的移民不受到美國文化的影響呢言下之意是美國文化在全世界包括美國都有強大的影響。5.【正確答案】Bsuccessful.【測試要點】這是一道作者態(tài)度題?！驹囶}解析】本題除了C沒人選，其他選項都有人選。題目問作者對美國吸收移民的觀點是

22、什么。注意題干中的absorption就是文中的homogenize和assimilate兩個詞的“同義替換”。請注意文章第二段第一句話Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.講了移民溶入美國文化is hardly poisonous=is hardly harmful,所以不能選。而實際上作者從好幾個方面講到了美國吸收移民的成功，比如說移民到第三代的時候基本上忘掉了原來的語言，新移民的家庭一般高于

23、50%的人都擁有自己的房子等等，所以選B。本文并沒有著重強調(diào)美國吸收移民是有好處的，有回報的，而只是強調(diào)吸收移民的過程的成功，這里Arewarding又是偷換概念。關(guān)鍵還是看文章強調(diào)什么,這是一切閱讀的精髓!全文翻譯：不管我們?nèi)绾梧┼┎恍莸卣務(wù)摬顒e，美國社會實際上是一臺同化人們的神奇的機器。這就是民主化的著裝和話語的統(tǒng)一以及十九世紀(jì)在高雅的氛圍中陳列著琳瑯滿目的商品的百貨商店所發(fā)起的隨意消費及沒有消費的活動。他們不是為了迎合有知識的精英們而開設(shè)親情商店，而是創(chuàng)建了“不分階層和背景人人都可以進入”的大眾商店。這使得購物成為一種大眾的、民主的行為。大眾傳媒、廣告和體育也是協(xié)助人們均質(zhì)化的推動力。盡

24、管這種文化一點也不高雅，但也不是完全有害的，移民們很快就融入了這種共同文化。Gregory Rodriguez為美國移民研討會撰文指出，今天的移民既不是處于空前的水平，也不抵制同化。在1998年，移民占全國人口的9.8%；在1900年為13.6%。在1990年以前的十年之中，在每千位居民當(dāng)中，有3.1位新來的移民；而在1890年以前的十年之中，每千位居民當(dāng)中就有9.2位移民?，F(xiàn)在，讓我們來看一下三個同化指標(biāo)語言、擁有產(chǎn)權(quán)住房和異族結(jié)婚情況。1990年的人口普查透露：“來自十五個移民數(shù)量最多的國家的移民在到美國十年后英語說得好或很好?！币泼竦淖优畮缀醵颊f兩種語言，且精通英語?！暗搅说谌?，在大多

25、數(shù)移民家庭，他們的母語就消失了。”因此，有人就把美國描述成了“語言的墳場”。到了1965年，出生于國外的、在1970年以前到達美國的移民有75.6%購置了自己的住房，這個數(shù)字高出土生土長的美國人的擁有自己所有權(quán)住房的百分比69.8%。在國外出生的亞裔和西班牙裔移民“與美國本土白人和黑人相比，與異族通婚的比率要高?！钡搅说谌?，有三分之一的西班牙裔女性與非西班牙裔男性結(jié)婚，而有41%亞裔美國婦女與非亞裔男性結(jié)婚。 Rodriguez注意到，世界邊遠地區(qū)的兒童是諸如阿諾德施瓦辛格和加斯布魯克斯等超級明星的星迷，而“一些美國人擔(dān)心生活在美國的移民在某種程度上并不受美國的同化力量的影響。”在美國是否存

26、在不和以及潛在的不安答案是肯定的，而且問題的嚴(yán)重性足以超越其他事宜。但是與美國動蕩的過去相比，這些社會指標(biāo)說明美國的社會環(huán)境變得黑暗，且正在惡化。Part TwoStratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industryWilliam Shakespearebut there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company （ASC）, which presents superb pro

27、ductions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaways Cottage, Shakespeares birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the th

28、eatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSCs actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. Its all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor （with a beard）and did his share of noise-making.The t

29、ourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the sidedont usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with

30、their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the ESC contends, who bring in much of the towns revenue because they spend the night （some of them four or five nights）pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk dont see it

31、 this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decor

32、ated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk cant understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. （The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 sea

33、ts were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year theyll do better.）The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratfords most attractive clientele. They

34、come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike （though they come from all over）-lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standingroom tickets

35、held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.6. From the first two paras , we learn that_A. the townsfolk deny the RSC s contribution to the towns revenueB. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stageC. the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms

36、D. the townsfolk earn little from tourism7. It can be inferred from Para 3 that_A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separatelyB. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseersC. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoersD. the playgoers go to no other places in town

37、than the theater8. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” （Line 2-3, Paragraph 4）, the author implies that_A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projectsB. Stratford has long been in financial difficultiesC. the town is not really short of moneyD. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid9. Ac

38、cording to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because_A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spendingB. the company is financially ill-managedC. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptableD. the theatre attendance is on the rise10. From the text we can conclude that the author

39、_A. is supportive of both sidesB. favors the townsfolks viewC. takes a detached attitudeD. is sympatheticUnit 13（2006）Part 2重點詞匯：1.hostile a. 含敵意的，極不友好的2.superb a. 極好的，最佳的；華麗的，高貴的；非常的，極度的3.revenue n. 收入，歲入4.subsidyn. （政府、慈善機構(gòu)等分發(fā)的）補助金；津貼，補貼；捐款，資助；撥款；（國家之間的）財政援助5.attendancen. 出席，到場；（總稱）出席者，聽眾，觀眾；照料，護理

40、，伺候6.decorate v.裝飾，打扮7.rocketv.上升，迅速增加8.attractivea. 有吸引力的，誘人的9.sandal n. 涼鞋10.sightseer n. 觀光者，旅游者11.flagstonen. 石板12.playgoern.戲迷13.standing-room n.（劇場、體育場等的）站席空位；站立空間14.重要詞組live off 住在以外；靠生活；靠供養(yǎng)；以為主食on the side 秘密地，暗地里；作為兼職；作為副業(yè)on the safe side 可靠的；安全的along with與一起；共同；連同；隨著；加之15.bring in引進；引入；生產(chǎn)；

41、產(chǎn)出；收益；進款；掙得（錢）；提出（議案）；拘捕；逮捕；讓某人參與計劃16.take in 讓進入；接納；接受；接待；收留；把領(lǐng)入；包括；涉及；參觀；游覽；觀看（戲劇、電影等）縮短；改小衣服；收縮；兼并；獲得（土地）；訂閱（報刊、雜志等）；收入；進賬；開始；注意到；敏銳地觀察到；馬上看到；看出；一目了然；領(lǐng)會；理解17.get out of從出來；從取出來；從解脫/離開；從獲得/得到；戒掉；使擺脫（某事/某習(xí)慣）；使避免；（使某人）逃避（責(zé)任、義務(wù)、職責(zé)等）18.stay low保持低速；保持低價位19.drive away sb. 開車送走（某人）；驅(qū)散（某人）；趕走（某人）20.drive

42、 away at拼命干，努力做工作；孜孜不倦地干21.gamen. 游戲， 運動；娛樂活動；獵物（本文意義），獵獲物；野味 試題解析：6.【正確答案】Athe townsfolk deny the RSCs contribution to the towns revenue.【測試要點】這是一道細節(jié)判斷題。【試題解析】通過文章第二段的第一句話The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue.可知答案。7.【正確答案】Bthe playgoers spend more mo

43、ney than the sightseers.【測試要點】這是一道事實推斷題。【試題解析】從第三段可看出，游客買了東西，在夜晚來臨前就走人，但是看戲的人們要在這里呆好多天，意思是花的錢比游客多。由此可推斷，B為正確選項。8【正確答案】Cthe town is not really short of money.【測試要點】這是一道句意推斷題?！驹囶}解析】通過上下文很容易知道cries poor是裝窮的意思，和中文的哭窮很類似，不過還是不要通過字面意思猜，通過上下文最有把握，最踏實。9【正確答案】Dthe theatre attendance is on the rise.【測試要點】這是一道

44、細節(jié)推斷題。【試題解析】原文倒數(shù)第二自然段說得很清楚：The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they'll do better. 這說明對于鎮(zhèn)上的人來說，他們實際上不知道票價低的，所以A不選。他們看到的只是表面現(xiàn)象D。10.【正確答案】Dis sympathetic.【測試要點】這是一道作者態(tài)度判斷題?！驹囶}解析】從最后一段段首，和后

45、面的句子看出作者認為不可能上調(diào)價格，這是很可恥的，可是鎮(zhèn)上的人們又不理解。所以實際上同情它的遭遇。全文翻譯：如我們所知，埃文河畔斯特拉特福德只有一種產(chǎn)業(yè)威廉?莎士比亞,但是，它有兩個各自明確獨立而相互間敵意不斷增長的分支，這就是英國皇家莎士比亞劇團它在埃文河畔的莎士比亞紀(jì)念劇院上演富麗堂皇的莎劇和在很大程度上依靠到鎮(zhèn)上來不是為了看戲，而是來參觀Anne Hathaway別墅、莎士比亞的出生地以及其他景觀的旅游者的市鎮(zhèn)居民們。斯特拉特福德尊敬的居民認為劇院沒有對他們的收入增加一文錢，他們坦率地不喜歡皇家莎士比亞劇團的演員，這些人留著長發(fā)、蓄著胡須、趿拉著拖鞋，而且很吵鬧。想到為他們掙來營生的莎士

46、比亞本人也是演員（也留著胡子）、也參與制造噪音，這的確既有趣，也很有諷刺意味。旅客流并非是完全分開的，那些乘坐大巴而來的游客常常還額外參觀Warwick 城堡和 Blenheim宮通常不看戲，有些人在斯特拉特福德看到劇院還感到吃驚。然而，來看戲者除了看戲外還要想方設(shè)法安排一些觀光活動。皇家莎士比亞劇團聲稱，正是這些愛看戲者在此過夜（有些人呆四五個晚上），把錢花在了鎮(zhèn)上的旅館飯店，為鎮(zhèn)子帶來了大部分的收入；而觀光客什么都看，夜幕降臨就離開。鎮(zhèn)上的人們不這樣認為，地方鎮(zhèn)議會并沒有直接給皇家莎士比亞劇團提供津貼。斯特拉特福德一直善于哭窮，然而，鎮(zhèn)上的旅館幾乎每家都添加了新的側(cè)樓或雞尾酒會廳。希爾頓正

47、在這里修建自己的旅館，你可以肯定，它會有裝飾考究的哈姆雷特漢堡吧、李爾王雅座、班柯宴會廳等等，而且價格會非常昂貴?？傊?zhèn)上人還是不明白為什么皇家莎士比亞劇團需要津貼。（該劇院連續(xù)三年打破上座紀(jì)錄，去年，劇院中1431個座位的全年上座率94%，今年會更高。）當(dāng)然，原因是成本竄升，而票價仍然保持很低。如果票價上升太高，那就是一種不幸了，這是因為這樣做就會趕走年輕的人，而他們是斯特拉特福德最有吸引力的客戶。他們到此完全是為了看戲，而不是觀光。他們看上去幾乎長相相似（他們來自世界各地）消瘦、棱角分明、面部表情專注，穿著牛仔褲，趿拉著拖鞋，吃著面包，晚上露宿在劇院外的石板上，等著購買售票處早上10：3

48、0開始銷售的為露宿者提供的20個座位和80個站票。大綱詞和超綱詞Part ThreeWhen prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now someth

49、ing similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do

50、 not attempt to estimate the actual biomass （the amount of living biological matter）of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators （animals that kill and eat other ani

51、mals）in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today's vessels can find

52、 their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longline

53、s would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to shar

54、ks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, th

55、at of the "shifting baseline". The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that c

56、an be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.11. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that_A. large animal were vulnerable to the changing

57、environment.B. small species survived as large animals disappeared.C. large sea animals may face the same threat today.D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones12. We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worms paper that_A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%.B. there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago.C. the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount.D. the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.13. By saying these figures are conservative （Line 1, paragraph