大學(xué)英語(yǔ)三級(jí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)總結(jié)匯總

1、三級(jí)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)歸納虛擬語(yǔ)氣1 . if句中虛擬形式if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句(純粹假設(shè)或發(fā)生的可能性不大)主句would/ should/ might/ could dowould/ should/ might/ could do would/ should/ might/ could have條件從句與現(xiàn)在相反did (be >were)與將來(lái)相反did (be *were)與過(guò)去相反had done done例句If we left (leave) now, we should arrive in time.t have been broken (break) into.If they h

2、adn ' t gone on vacation, their house wouldn2 .原形虛擬：a.表命令、決定、要求、建議等詞語(yǔ)之后的that-分句中，用動(dòng)詞原形。suggest, demand, advise, propose, order, arrange, insist, command, require,request, desire +thsrtould) do例如 He suggested that we should leave early.My suggestion is that we should tell him.b. It is (was)形容詞 /名

3、詞 that (should) do/例如 It is absolutely essential that all the facts be examined first.3. 一些句型中的虛擬形式：1 . It ' s (high, about, the first, etc.) time (that)詞過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在或者將來(lái)與過(guò)去相反例如 It ' s time we left.2 would rather/sooneras if/ thoughwould rather/sooner相反as if/ though4.練習(xí)例如 It is time we went to bed

4、.寧愿好像L謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)1. I try it again if I you.A. will ； amB. should; amC. would; were D.would; had been2. If it not for the water, the plants live.A. were； would not B. is； could notC. were； could D. did;could not3. If I that chance to show my ability, I the president of thisschool.A. have not had;

5、 could not becomeB. had not had; would not havebecomeC. did not have；could not becomeD. doesn t have； will not become4. He by that burglar if you to save him.A. might have been killed；hadn t come B. will be killed；didn t comeC. may be killed； did t comeD. could be killed； haven t come5. If it for yo

6、ur help，I that hard time with so little money.B. is not；can not spendD. have not been； will notB. do；will break outD. will；is to break outC. haven t done D. hadnA. were not；would not spendC. had not been；would not have spentspend6. Where you go if war A. will； breaks outC. would； were to break out7.

7、 She wishes she that humiliating thing.A. doesn t doB. didn t do t done8. The chairman suggested that the meeting put off.A. can beB. beC. isD. will be9. It is vital that he immediately.A. should go B. must go C. goesD. went10. It is time we do our homework.A. begin to B. can begin to C. began toD.

8、will begin to答案：1.選C。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)（指現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)）（譯文；如果我是你，我會(huì)再試一次 ）2選Ao表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)（指現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)）。（譯文：要是沒(méi)有水，植物就不能存活。）3 .選Bo表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。4 A。表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。（譯文：要不是你來(lái)救他，他早就被那個(gè)竊賊殺了。 ）5 . C與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。（譯：要沒(méi)有你幫忙，我那點(diǎn)兒錢(qián)是無(wú)法度過(guò)那段艱苦歲月的。）6 .選C。表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。（譯文：要是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)了，你會(huì)上哪兒去）7 .選 D。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于賓語(yǔ)從句。（譯文：她真希望自己沒(méi)有做過(guò)那件丟臉的事情。）8 .選Bo虛擬語(yǔ)氣用

9、于表示“建議”等意義的動(dòng)詞后。（譯文：主席建議會(huì)議延期舉行。 ）9 .選Ao虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于主語(yǔ)從句（It is / was +形容詞+ that引導(dǎo)的分句）。10 .選C。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于定語(yǔ)從句It is time （that）句型。（譯文：我們?cè)撻_(kāi)始做作業(yè)了。 ）二.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)1 .各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本變形一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)be(is,am,are) do/does現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be (is/am/are)+ doing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/has been doing一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were did過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were doing過(guò)去完成時(shí)had done過(guò)去完成

10、進(jìn)行時(shí)had been doing，般將來(lái)時(shí)will do將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)will do將來(lái)完成will have done將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)will have been doing一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would do過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)would be doing過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)would have done過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí) would have beer doing2 .時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的搭配 一定的時(shí)態(tài)往往和一定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。always ,usually, sometimes,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesam is arelast week, yesterday, a few days ago一般過(guò)去時(shí)di

11、dwas/ werenext week, tomorrow, in a week, this year 一般斗等來(lái)時(shí)will donow, at present, at this moment現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be +doingso far, up to now, by the time, since 的主句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/have done3 .練習(xí)，用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. He(be) eighteen next year.2. It(rain) every day so far this month.3. Mozart(write) more than 600 pieces of music

12、.4. If it(rain) tomorrow, we' ll have to stay at home.5. How fast he(drive) when the accident happened6. By the time Mr. Smith left school, he(teach) that course for twenty-five years.7. Perhaps he(finish) reading the book by this time tomorrow.1 .填will be。next year為表示將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)2 .填has rained so

13、far是“到目前為止”的意思，常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)搭配使用。3 .填wrote。Mozart （莫扎特）是已去世的音樂(lè)家，故應(yīng)使用過(guò)去時(shí)。4 .填rains。在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的事情。5 .填was.driving。表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。6 .填 had taughto 句中有 by the time Mr. Smith left school ,主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。7,填 will 成時(shí)。have finished o句中有by this time tomorrow ,主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用將來(lái)完三動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1,各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí) 態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在 時(shí)現(xiàn)

14、在進(jìn)行 時(shí)過(guò)去 時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn) 行時(shí)一將 來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將 來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在 完成 時(shí)過(guò)去 完成 時(shí)現(xiàn)在完 成進(jìn)行 時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)主doam/is/aredidwas/willwouldhas/hadhas/will have動(dòng)doingweredodohavedonehavedonedoingdonebeendoing被am/is/aream/is/arewas/was/willwouldhas/hadwill have動(dòng)donebeingwerewerebebehavebeenbeen donedonedonebeingdonedonebeendonedonedone1. The construction of

15、 the library before the end of next month.A. must have completedB. must have been completedC. must be completedD. must complete2. The subject of these lectures by the lecture committee.A. announcesB.have been announcedC. announcedD. has been announced3. My pictures until next week.A. won' t deve

16、lopB. aren' t developingC. don' t developD. won' t be developed4. They so that we wouldri t recognize them.A. costumedB. disguisedC. were disguisingdisguised5. All the apparatus （S 械）before the experiment began.A. had been prepared B. were prepared C. had been preparedD.had prepared6. Th

17、e worlds supplies of copper.A. have been gradually being exhaustedB. has gradually exhaustedC. are gradually exhaustedD. are being gradually exhausted7. The goods when we arrived at the airport.A. were just unloadingB. were just being unloadedC. had just unloadedD. were just been unloaded8. Tom the

18、best student in his class.A. regardsB. regards asC. has regarded as D. isregarded as9. The sports meeting because of the bad weather.A. put offB. was put offC. was putted off D. has putoff1. Co情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done。（譯：到下月底圖書(shū)館的修建必須完工）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為：have been+done （譯：講座的課題已由講座委員會(huì)宣布了。 ）3. D。一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為：

19、 will be+done,其否定形式為：will not be +done 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為 was/were+過(guò)去分詞（譯:為了不讓我們認(rèn)出來(lái)，他們偽裝 了起來(lái) ）5. C。過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成為：had been+過(guò)去分詞。6. D現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為：are/is/am being+過(guò)去分詞。（譯:世界的銅資源正逐漸被耗盡）。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為：was/were being+過(guò)去分詞。（譯:我們到機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)正在卸貨物。）8. D。（譯文：湯姆被認(rèn)為是班里最好的學(xué)生。）9. B。 （譯文：運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)因天氣不好被取消了。）四 定語(yǔ)從句1 .定語(yǔ)從句（Attributive Cla

20、uses在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常緊跟在先行詞后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞有： who, whom, whose, that, which 等。關(guān)系副詞有： when, where, why等。例題： The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds， could gopenniless by next year.A. the large oneB. the larger of whichC. the largest oneD. th

21、e largest of which選Bo因?yàn)榍懊嬗衪wo,所以不能選D, A沒(méi)有連接手段，也不能選。三級(jí)試題中定語(yǔ)從句的考題：1、 I tried to get of the business I found impossible to carry on.A） whyB）whichC）whatD）where2、 Once more I have to leave Beijing , I have been living for eight years.A） thatB）whereC）which D）as3、This book is designed for the leaners nativ

22、e languages are not English.A)whose B)which C)who D)what4、She got to know the young man very well she had worked for so long.A)to whom B)in whom C)whom D)with whom5、The hotel during the vacation was rather poorly managed.A)as I stayed B)where I stayed C)which I stayed D)what I stayed6、There are so m

23、any dresses there that I really dort know to choose.A)whether B)when C)which D)why7、I think that Anna is far the most active member in our group.A)with B)at C)as D)by五.倒裝1 .當(dāng)only放在句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，要用倒裝例：Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用這種方法，你才可以解 決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Only yesterday did I finish the book.到昨天

24、我才讀完那本書(shū)。2 .具有否定意義的副詞或詞組用于句首，要用倒裝。常見(jiàn)的否定詞有：never,seldom, rarely, little, hardly, not until, by no means, not only, neither, no sooner, hardly 等。例旬： Never shall I forget the days when you were with us.1、 Olny when we had finished all the work that it was too late to take a bus home.A)did we realize B)i

25、nformingC)informed D)to inform2、Not until the day before yesterdayto give a speech at the meeting.A)he agreedB)does he agree C)he agrees D)did heagree3、Young he is, he has proved to be an able sale sman.A)that B)who C)as D)which4、Not until yesterday anything about the project that will be completeds

26、oon.A)did I learn B)have I learnt C)I learnt D)that I learnt5、He is used to flying by air and on no occasion frightened.A)he has ever felt B)he ever feels C)ever does he feel D)has he ever felt6、So after she learned the good news that she could hardly fall asleep thatnight.A)excited the mother wasB)

27、was the mother excitedC)the mother was excitedD)excited was the mother7、 So loudlythat people could hear it out in the street.A)did the students play the musicB)the students playingthe musicC)the students played the musicD)have the studentsplayed the music六 it 的用法作形式主語(yǔ)或者形式賓語(yǔ)It is necessary for us to

28、 learn English. it 這里指代to learn EnglishIt was not very clear what she meant. it 這里指代what she meant2. it 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that(who) +句子的其余部分練習(xí) 1. It was only when I read his poems recently I began to appreciatetheir beauty.A. untilB. thatC. thenD. so選 B。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。was about 6

29、00 years ago the first clock with a face and an hour hand wasmade.A. thatB. untilC. beforeD. when2. 形容詞比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)(1) 形容詞 +than than money. (2) the medicine I take+形容詞比較級(jí)，選 A。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。七形容詞比較級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)1.不規(guī)則變法good/wellbetterbestbadworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleast例句： Real friendship is more valuable

30、 the + 形容詞比較級(jí)例句： The more大學(xué)英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試?？荚~組和固定搭配（介詞+名詞）詞語(yǔ)by accidenton account ofin additionin addition toin the airon (the/an) averageon the basis offat (the) best for the betteron boardout of breathon businessin any case in case ofi n casein no caseby chancein charge (of)(a) round the clockin commonin c

31、onclusionon condition thatin confidencein connection with/toin consequencein consequence ofon the contrary解釋偶然因?yàn)?由于另外除之外在流行中.在傳播中平均,一般來(lái)說(shuō)根據(jù)，在的基礎(chǔ)上充其景，至多好轉(zhuǎn)，改善在脂車(chē).飛機(jī)上聯(lián)不過(guò)氣來(lái)因公，因哀無(wú)論如何.總之假使，萬(wàn)一假使，以防（萬(wàn)一）兔得決不偶然，碰巧負(fù)費(fèi)，主管晝夜不靠地共用，共有，共同后，總之在條件下信任關(guān)于因此，結(jié)果由于的緣故反之.正相反in contrast with/to out of control under controlat a

32、ll costsat the cost ofin the course ofof coursein dangerout of dangerout of date up te date in debtin detailin difficultiesin the distanceoff duty on duty與成對(duì)照失去控制被控制住不惜任何代價(jià)以為代價(jià)在一過(guò)程中，在一期間當(dāng)然，自然在危險(xiǎn)中，垂危脫離危險(xiǎn)過(guò)期（時(shí)）的時(shí)新的欠債詳細(xì)地處境困難在遠(yuǎn)處下班值班，上班究竟，到底無(wú)論如何有效；實(shí)際上萬(wàn)一，如果發(fā)生例如之外面對(duì)，不顧，即使其實(shí)，實(shí)際上燒著步行有效I實(shí)第中有利于，贊成，支持on earthat

33、all eventsin any eventin the event offor examplewith the exception of . in the face ofin facton fireon footin forcein fawo (u) r ofin honour of on one's honour in a hurry匆忙地.立即in front ofin (the) future on guardin gonoralin halfat handfrom tip to toe by handhand down tohand in handin handon hand

34、on (the) one hand on the other hand .at heartby heart at home在面前今后，將來(lái)警惕，防范通常.大體上成兩半在手邊，在附近徹著徹尾，完全用手往下傳，傳給（后代）手拉手，攜手在掌握中，在拄制中在手邊，臨近一方面.,另一方面在內(nèi)心；實(shí)所上牢記，憑記憶在象，在E8內(nèi)自在，自如以紀(jì)念，向川表示故怠以名譽(yù)擔(dān)保for instance例如,舉例說(shuō)at intervals不時(shí),時(shí)時(shí)終于at lastat least至少,量低限度in the least絲充at length in the light of in line終于，量后；詳細(xì)地按照，根據(jù)成

35、一直線,排成一行in line with與一致，按照at a lossas a matter of fact by all means by means of by no means in memory of at the mercy of by mistake at the moment for a moment for the moment in a moment in nature on occasionin order in order to in order that out of orderon one's own in particular in the past in

36、person in place in place of in the first place in the last place out of place on the point to the point困惑,不知所措其實(shí)，事實(shí)上無(wú)論如何，必定借助于，用決不紀(jì)念在支配下錯(cuò)誤地現(xiàn)在，此刻片刻，一會(huì)兒現(xiàn)在，暫時(shí)立烈I,馬上本項(xiàng)上有時(shí)，不時(shí)新井然整齊以便，為了以便發(fā)生故障，失調(diào)獨(dú)自地.獨(dú)立地特別地.尤其，詳細(xì)地在過(guò)去.以往親自在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢么嫫鸪?，首先最后不得其所的，不適當(dāng)?shù)募磳⒌臅r(shí)候切中要害，切題in practice out of practice at present for the present in proportion to in publicfor (the) purpose of on purposewith the purpose of in question at randoma