外研版高中英語(yǔ)必修一Module6

1、單詞1contain vt.包含，包括；含有；抑制，遏制(不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài))同類(lèi)辨析contain與include(1)contain通常用來(lái)指某種容器中盛有某物，裝有某物，還指某種物質(zhì)中含有某種成分或含有其他物質(zhì)。指作為組成部分而被“包含”或“容納”在內(nèi)。(2)include通常表示把某事物作為其中的一部分包含在內(nèi)。include也是及物動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)注意其非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的用法。例句：Orange juice contains things which help keep you healthy.橘子汁里含有益于健康的東西。Chinese scientists have called for str

2、engthened measures to contain A/H1N1 virus especially in the country's remote areas.中國(guó)科學(xué)家呼吁加強(qiáng)措施以控制甲型H1N1病毒，特別是在國(guó)家的偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)。More than one thousand students have been admitted to this school，including my brother/my brother included.一千多名學(xué)生被這所學(xué)校錄取，也包括我弟弟在內(nèi)?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】I think that vegetables are good food bec

3、ause they _ lots of vitamins.Aare contained Bare containingCcontains Dcontain【解析】contain指“含有某種成分或含有其他物質(zhì)”。contain不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，也沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故答案為D。【答案】D2access n接近；通路v到達(dá)；進(jìn)入；使用；存/取數(shù)據(jù)歸納拓展(1)access to.接近的機(jī)會(huì)；進(jìn)入的權(quán)利have/gain/get/obtain access to得以接近，得以會(huì)見(jiàn)，得以進(jìn)入，得以使用give access to接見(jiàn)，準(zhǔn)許出入注意：access其后面多與介詞to連用，其前面多與介詞of連用。(

4、2)accessible adj.可進(jìn)入的；可接近的；可使用的be accessible to易接近的；能進(jìn)入的；易受影響的例句：The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.要到農(nóng)舍去只有穿過(guò)田地。You need a password to get access to the computer system.使用這個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)需要口令。These documents are not accessible to the public.公眾無(wú)法看到這些文件?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】The people living in these apart

5、ments have free _ to that swimming pool.Aaccess BentranceCrecreation Dexcess【解析】access“接近，進(jìn)入的(權(quán)利，道路)”。entrance“入口”；recreation意為“消遣，娛樂(lè)”；excess“泛濫，過(guò)量”，均不符合題意。【答案】A3design vt.&vi.設(shè)計(jì)，擬定，籌劃，意圖n圖樣，圖案，設(shè)計(jì)(圖)歸納拓展(1)design sth. for為設(shè)計(jì)，指定某物作某種用途be designed for/to do sth.專(zhuān)為而做(設(shè)置)be designed as.作為而設(shè)計(jì)(2)by de

6、sign 故意地the latest design 最新樣式例句：The course is designed as an introduction to the subject.這門(mén)課程是作為該科目的入門(mén)課而開(kāi)設(shè)的。The experiment is designed to test the new drug.實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是試驗(yàn)新藥。The machine is of very poor design. 這部機(jī)器設(shè)計(jì)得很差。【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Whether this happened _ or not we shall never know.Ain design Bon designCby desi

7、gn Dwith design【解析】by design “故意地，有意地”?！敬鸢浮緾4concentrate v集中(注意力)于；全神貫注；集中，濃縮n經(jīng)濃縮而制成的物質(zhì)或溶液濃縮物；濃縮液歸納拓展concentrate sth.(on/upon sth.)集中于concentrate on/uponn.專(zhuān)注于concentrate one's attention on 致力于；把注意力集中在例句：I decided to concentrate my efforts on finding a good job.我決定盡最大努力找一份好工作。This year the compan

8、y has concentrated on improving its efficiency.這家公司今年已經(jīng)集中力量提高效率?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】Hearing the boring news，I was too distracted to_my attention on my homework.AattractBdrawCpayDconcentrate【解析】attract ones attention/ draw ones attention“吸引某人的注意力”；pay attention后應(yīng)加介詞to，意為“注意，關(guān)注”；concentrate ones attention on“集中注意力在

9、上”。故正確答案為D?！敬鸢浮緿5average adj.平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的n平均數(shù)；平均水平；一般水準(zhǔn)v平均為；計(jì)算出的平均數(shù)歸納拓展(1)an average of 的平均數(shù)above/below (the) average 高于/低于平均水平on average 平均地；通常；按平均值 with an average of 平均為(2)average out (at sth.) 平均數(shù)為；最終達(dá)到平衡average sth.out 算出的平均數(shù)例句：The employee's average income in this company is about $1,50

10、0 a month.這家公司的員工平均收入大約是每月1 500美元。Her school work is above (the) average.This car runs 15 kilometers per liter on average.【鏈接訓(xùn)練】I'm only a(n)_driver，so I can't do more than drive the bus back.AaverageBcommonCgeneralDusual【解析】average可表示“普通的”。B項(xiàng)意為“常見(jiàn)的；共同的”；C項(xiàng)意為“大體的，總體的”；D項(xiàng)意為“通常的，平常的”?！敬鸢浮緼As a

11、 result of the snow he drove just 280 kilometres in 5 hours，so the _ speed was 56ph.Abasic Bwhole Ctotal Daverage【解析】此處average speed意為“平均速度”。basic“基本的”；whole“整個(gè)的”；total“總計(jì)的”?！敬鸢浮緿短語(yǔ)1consist of由組成歸納拓展(1)該短語(yǔ)通常不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，相當(dāng)于be made up of和be composed of。(2)consist with和一致；符合consist in sth.要點(diǎn)(特征)在于；以為主

12、例句：This club consists of more than 200 members.The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.Theory should consist with practice.理論應(yīng)與實(shí)踐相一致。【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The colorful design_sixty candles and a flag will appear on the people square on October 1.Aconsists of Bconsisting ofCto consist of Dconsisted of【答案】B

13、2come up with趕上；拿出，提出(不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))歸納拓展come along到達(dá)，出現(xiàn)；跟隨，跟著來(lái)come across遇見(jiàn)；(偶然)發(fā)現(xiàn)come to被想出；合計(jì)，共計(jì)when it comes to.涉及；談到例句：Is that the best excuse you can come up with?I can't attend the party tonight. Something has come up.The bill came to $30.賬款共計(jì)30美元?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】Facing the fast growth of the population，

14、scientists will have to _ new methods of increasing the world's food supply.Acome up to Bcome toCcome upon Dcome up with【答案】DWhen it_air pollution，Beijing faces the three “C”scars, coal and construction, which lead to Beijing's thick air pollution.Arefers to Bcomes toChappens to Dspeaks to【答

15、案】B3compared with和相比；匹敵，可與相比歸納拓展(1) compare.with/to.把和比較compare.to.把比作compared to/with.與比較起來(lái)(作狀語(yǔ))(2)beyond compare無(wú)與倫比，無(wú)可比擬(3)comparison n比較；對(duì)照in comparison with和相比較例句：I compared the translation with/to the original.我把譯文拿來(lái)和原文對(duì)照一番。We often compare children to flowers of our country.我們常常把孩子比作祖國(guó)的花朵。Com

16、pared with the previous year，the urban air quality remains unchanged.與上一年相比，城市空氣質(zhì)量基本持平。Living in the country is cheap in comparison with the big cities.與大都市相比，在鄉(xiāng)下生活較便宜?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】_ with the other students, the girl has better listening and speaking ability.AComparing BComparesCTo compare DCompared【答案】D句型

17、BernersLee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet，not just universities and the army.貝爾納斯·李使每個(gè)人都能使用因特網(wǎng)變成可能，而不僅僅是大學(xué)和軍隊(duì)使用。makesb./sth.adj.意為“使某人或某物處于某種狀態(tài)”。歸納拓展(1)make賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，這是一個(gè)常用句式，其中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的可以是動(dòng)詞原形、形容詞、名詞或過(guò)去分詞。(2)如果make后的賓語(yǔ)是不定式或that從句，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是形容詞或名詞，這時(shí)往往把形式賓語(yǔ)it放在賓語(yǔ)的位置上，把真正的賓語(yǔ)放在后面，find，

18、feel，think等動(dòng)詞也可以這樣用，該句型為：make/find/feel/thinkitadj./n.(for sb.)to do sth./thatclause(3)makesb./sth.省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，意為“使某人/某物做某事”。當(dāng)把此類(lèi)型的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，原句中省略的動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to必須要還原例句：She made her child wash his hands before eating.I had to speak loud to make myself heard.I made it a rule to walk 2 kilometers a day.We t

19、hought it wrong that the child should be left alone in the house.【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Music is a universal language, _ makes _ possible for Jay Chou to be popular in America.Awhat；what Bwhich；itCwhat；it Dwhich；that【答案】BNowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it_.Areusing BreusedCreuses

20、 Dto be reused【答案】D語(yǔ)法1合成詞合成詞：把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞合成一個(gè)新詞，這種構(gòu)詞法叫做合成，這種詞叫合成詞(compound words)，也稱(chēng)復(fù)合詞。(1)合成名詞的主要構(gòu)成方式：名詞名詞：arm chair扶手椅headache頭痛形容詞名詞：highway高速公路動(dòng)詞名詞：playground操場(chǎng)副詞名詞：outbreak爆發(fā)副詞動(dòng)詞：income收入動(dòng)詞副詞：drawback后退名詞動(dòng)名詞：daydreaming白日夢(mèng)其他：soninlaw女婿gobetween中間人(2)合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化一般有三種情況：將最后一個(gè)構(gòu)成部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。gentlemangentl

21、emen紳士breakfastbreakfasts早餐goodfornothinggoodfornothings廢物將主要成分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式lookeronlookerson旁觀者passerbypassersby過(guò)路人comradeinarmscomradesinarms戰(zhàn)友將兩個(gè)組成部分皆變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式，這種合成名詞的第一個(gè)名詞必須是man或woman。mandoctormendoctors男醫(yī)生womancookwomencooks女廚師manwritermenwriters男作家(3)合成動(dòng)詞的主要構(gòu)成方式：名詞動(dòng)詞：watercool用水冷卻sleepwalk夢(mèng)游形容詞動(dòng)詞：quickc

22、harge快速充電whitewash粉刷blacklist列入黑名單副詞動(dòng)詞：overthrow推翻undergo經(jīng)歷(4)合成形容詞的主要構(gòu)成方式：名詞形容詞：worldfamous世界聞名的colorblind色盲的dutyfree免稅的名詞動(dòng)詞ing：peaceloving愛(ài)好和平的epochmaking劃時(shí)代的名詞過(guò)去分詞：heartbroken心碎的stateowned國(guó)有的heartfelt由衷的動(dòng)詞副詞：takeaway外賣(mài)的，帶走的形容詞名詞：longdistance遠(yuǎn)方的largescale大規(guī)模的highclass高級(jí)的形容詞形容詞：darkblue深藍(lán)lightgreen

23、淡綠形容詞過(guò)去分詞：newborn新生的nobleminded高尚的形容詞現(xiàn)在分詞：goodlooking好看的easygoing好說(shuō)話的副詞動(dòng)詞ing：hardworking勤奮的farreaching深遠(yuǎn)的副詞過(guò)去分詞：wellknown著名的widespread廣泛蔓延的數(shù)詞名詞：firstclass一級(jí)棒的secondhand二手貨的數(shù)詞名詞形容詞：tenyearold十歲的threemetrelong三米長(zhǎng)的數(shù)詞名詞ed：threecornered 三角的oneeyed獨(dú)眼的介詞名詞：indoor室內(nèi)的【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The police talked to the _ about th

24、e accident.Astanderby BstandersbyCstanderbys Dstandersbys【解析】考查合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化。standerby變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，將主要成分stander變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式即可?！敬鸢浮緽This kind of _ is popular _ small children.Apicturebooks；with Bpicturebook；withCpicturebooks；to Dthe picturebook；for【解析】book為此合成詞的主體部分，故復(fù)數(shù)用picturebooks；be popular with“受歡迎，流行”，是固定短語(yǔ)?！敬鸢浮緼

25、A new amusement park in our city has opened with _ computer techniques.Auptodate BmanmadeCnearsighted Dpeaceloving【解析】uptodate“現(xiàn)代的，最新的”；manmade“人造的”；nearsighted“近視的”；peaceloving“熱愛(ài)和平的”?！敬鸢浮緼2冠詞冠詞包括定冠詞the和不定冠詞a/an。a用于以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞，an用于以元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞(不是元音字母)；a/an和the本身不能獨(dú)立作句子成分，只能與名詞連用，主要用來(lái)說(shuō)明限定的名詞處于泛指還是特指狀態(tài)。

26、(1)不定冠詞的用法泛指人或事物的類(lèi)別，相當(dāng)于any。例句：A bike is very useful in the countryside.泛指某人某物。例句：There is a book on the table.表示one或every的意義。例句：I have a mouth，a nose and two eyes. (2)定冠詞的用法表示特定或上文已經(jīng)提到過(guò)的人或物。例句：The woman you told me about yesterday seems to be here now.表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西。例句：The earth is much smaller than t

27、he sun.用于最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或特指兩個(gè)中的一個(gè)的形容詞前。例句：The taller of the two girls is my daughter.用于普通名詞前作專(zhuān)有名詞使用，或用在江、河、湖、海、山川等名詞前面。例如：The People's Republic of China用于樂(lè)器前面。例句：Peter is playing the violin.彼得在拉小提琴。用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前面表示一家人。例句：The Browns are cleaning their new house.用于形容詞前，表示一類(lèi)人。例句：They buried the dead and took th

28、e wounded to the hospital at once.用于一些固定詞組中，表示“方位、時(shí)間”等。例如：in the east/west/north/south of在東/西/北/南部on the left/right在左/右邊in the morning/afternoon/evening在早上/下午/晚上表示“某個(gè)年代”。例如：in the 1860's/in the 1860s在19世紀(jì)60年代表示一個(gè)國(guó)家或民族的全體人員。例如：the Chinese中國(guó)人民the Welsh威爾士人(3)不使用冠詞的情況人名、地名等專(zhuān)有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞及抽象名詞前。例句：Egypt

29、is a big country with a long history.We'll have fish and rice for lunch.注意：表示“一種；一類(lèi)；一個(gè)”或是被限定時(shí)，可以加冠詞。例句：A Mr Wang wants to see you.表示“季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐”的名詞前(有修飾語(yǔ)除外)。例句：We go to school from Monday to Friday.學(xué)科、球類(lèi)名詞前。如play basketball打籃球。在與by連用的短語(yǔ)中，一般不使用冠詞，因?yàn)楸硎痉绞交蚍椒ǘ蔷唧w的工具。by car/bus/bike/plane/ai

30、r/sea/land可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示泛指或類(lèi)別時(shí)。例句：Horses are useful animals.馬是有用的動(dòng)物。動(dòng)作turn作系動(dòng)詞使用，表語(yǔ)為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，一般不用冠詞。例句：Nothing could make me turn traitor to my country. (4)冠詞位置不定冠詞位置不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前。注意：a.位于下列形容詞之后：such，many，half。例句：I have never seen such an animal.Many a man is fit for the job.b當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞as，so，too，how，however，enough修飾時(shí)，不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后。例句：It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.例如：so short a time時(shí)間如此短暫too long a distance距離太長(zhǎng)cquite，rather與單數(shù)名詞連用，冠詞放在其后。但當(dāng)rather，quite前仍有形容詞，不定冠詞放其前后均可。例如：quite a lot(許多)。d在as，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)表語(yǔ)為形容詞修飾的名詞時(shí)，不定冠詞放在形容詞后。例句：Brave a man though he