中譯英長(zhǎng)句翻譯技巧

1、長(zhǎng)句的翻譯長(zhǎng)句的翻譯漢語(yǔ)與英語(yǔ)構(gòu)句的不同特點(diǎn)漢語(yǔ)與英語(yǔ)構(gòu)句的不同特點(diǎn)n英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句結(jié)構(gòu)：英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+修飾語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ) 并列成分或并列句并列成分或并列句 短語(yǔ)或從句短語(yǔ)或從句n英語(yǔ)主謂關(guān)系非常明顯，其他成分英語(yǔ)主謂關(guān)系非常明顯，其他成分通過各種手段（介詞、連詞、關(guān)系通過各種手段（介詞、連詞、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞）同主謂成分掛鉤代詞、關(guān)系副詞）同主謂成分掛鉤n漢語(yǔ)連接詞相對(duì)少，使用頻率也低，漢語(yǔ)連接詞相對(duì)少，使用頻率也低，n少用介詞而多用動(dòng)詞少用介詞而多用動(dòng)詞n結(jié)構(gòu)松散，分句間缺乏應(yīng)有的形式結(jié)構(gòu)松散，分句間缺乏應(yīng)有的形式連接連接n漢語(yǔ)構(gòu)句注重意義連貫漢語(yǔ)構(gòu)句注重意義連貫n邏輯順序，先

2、后及因果邏輯順序，先后及因果原序翻譯：原序翻譯：n按原來(lái)的句子順序?qū)⒃淖g成英文，按原來(lái)的句子順序?qū)⒃淖g成英文，而且原文是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，譯文保持長(zhǎng)而且原文是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，譯文保持長(zhǎng)句的形式。原序翻譯的基礎(chǔ)是，中句的形式。原序翻譯的基礎(chǔ)是，中國(guó)人和英美等西方人在國(guó)人和英美等西方人在思維方式上思維方式上存在共性存在共性。n這家實(shí)業(yè)公司建于四年前，隸屬上海工業(yè)技這家實(shí)業(yè)公司建于四年前，隸屬上海工業(yè)技術(shù)發(fā)展中心，注重協(xié)調(diào)幫助所屬企業(yè)進(jìn)行生術(shù)發(fā)展中心，注重協(xié)調(diào)幫助所屬企業(yè)進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的更新、老廠機(jī)制的轉(zhuǎn)換，并且參與產(chǎn)技術(shù)的更新、老廠機(jī)制的轉(zhuǎn)換，并且參與投資。投資。nSet up four years ago,

3、 this Enterprises Corporation is subordinate to the Industrial Technology Development Center of Shanghai. It helps to coordinate and assist subordinate enterprises in updating production t e c h n o l o g y a n d t o t r a n s f o r m mechanism of old factories, as well as taking part in capital inv

4、estment.n上海大眾汽車公司是一家中德合資企上海大眾汽車公司是一家中德合資企業(yè)，去年汽車產(chǎn)量為十萬(wàn)輛，預(yù)計(jì)今業(yè)，去年汽車產(chǎn)量為十萬(wàn)輛，預(yù)計(jì)今年產(chǎn)量可再增加五萬(wàn)兩。年產(chǎn)量可再增加五萬(wàn)兩。nShanghai Volkswagon, a German-Sino joint venture which turned out 100,000 cars last year, is expected to increase production by 50.000.n你可能知道中國(guó)一向堅(jiān)持開放政策并對(duì)引進(jìn)你可能知道中國(guó)一向堅(jiān)持開放政策并對(duì)引進(jìn)國(guó)外投資采取積極立場(chǎng)，以在平等互利的基國(guó)外投資采取積極立場(chǎng)，

5、以在平等互利的基礎(chǔ)上與其他國(guó)家擴(kuò)大經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和技術(shù)交流。礎(chǔ)上與其他國(guó)家擴(kuò)大經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和技術(shù)交流。nYou are probably aware that China has always persisted in an opening up policy and taken a positive stand to attract foreign investment, with a view to expanding economic cooperation and technical exchange with other countries on the basis of equality a

6、nd mutual benefit.分譯：分譯：n拆句或斷句。漢語(yǔ)句內(nèi)關(guān)系不明拆句或斷句。漢語(yǔ)句內(nèi)關(guān)系不明顯，英語(yǔ)通過使用連詞明確表現(xiàn)顯，英語(yǔ)通過使用連詞明確表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。漢語(yǔ)分句可獨(dú)立成句，因出來(lái)。漢語(yǔ)分句可獨(dú)立成句，因此英譯時(shí)此英譯時(shí)1.透徹理解原文，體會(huì)思路，分析透徹理解原文，體會(huì)思路，分析句子內(nèi)部關(guān)系句子內(nèi)部關(guān)系2.根據(jù)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣重新分譯根據(jù)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣重新分譯含以下句式則分譯含以下句式則分譯n疑問、感嘆、反詰句疑問、感嘆、反詰句n比方句比方句n概括句概括句n對(duì)立句對(duì)立句n闡述句闡述句n多層次意義多層次意義疑問、感嘆、反詰句疑問、感嘆、反詰句1. 許多人都說他是個(gè)笨蛋許多人都說他是個(gè)笨蛋

7、, 但果真如此嗎但果真如此嗎?Many people say he is an ass. But is that so ?2. 應(yīng)當(dāng)承認(rèn)應(yīng)當(dāng)承認(rèn), 每個(gè)民族都有它的長(zhǎng)處每個(gè)民族都有它的長(zhǎng)處, 不然它為什么能存不然它為什么能存在在? 為什么能發(fā)展為什么能發(fā)展?It must be admitted that every nation has its strongpoints. If not , how can it survive ? How can itprogress ?n中國(guó)學(xué)生很靈中國(guó)學(xué)生很靈, 一揮而就一揮而就, 洋教師閱后洋教師閱后,評(píng)出了最佳作文一篇評(píng)出了最佳作文一篇, 學(xué)生們聽后

8、大為不學(xué)生們聽后大為不解解, 這種文章怎么能被評(píng)為這種文章怎么能被評(píng)為“最佳最佳”?His Chinese students , quick at writing , finished the homework at one go and turned it in very soon. He went through the papers and picked the one that he thought the best . When he read it out to the students, they were generally perplexed. Of all the comm

9、ents, why did he like this one best?n幾千年來(lái)，形成老者自以為經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富而鄙幾千年來(lái)，形成老者自以為經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富而鄙薄少年為處事幼稚，而少年自以為活力充薄少年為處事幼稚，而少年自以為活力充沛而蔑視老者為老朽昏庸。這真是偏頗的沛而蔑視老者為老朽昏庸。這真是偏頗的見地！見地！nFor thousands of years it has been assumed that the aged, thinking themselves experienced and more skillful, look down upon the young for their gree

10、nness in worldly affairs, while the young, thinking themselves fresh in life and more energetic, call the aged old fogies. Either of these views, of course, is far from being impartial.概括句概括句n農(nóng)民的生活水平不斷提高農(nóng)民的生活水平不斷提高，大部分農(nóng)民已解，大部分農(nóng)民已解決了溫飽問題，不少農(nóng)民已過上小康生活。決了溫飽問題，不少農(nóng)民已過上小康生活。nThe living standard of farmers

11、has been continuously improving. The majority have solved the problem of ample food and clothing and quite a few have already been moderately better off.父親畢竟比她多吃了幾年鹽父親畢竟比她多吃了幾年鹽, 她的男朋友她的男朋友是什么樣的人是什么樣的人, 父親一看就知道。父親一看就知道。After all , father has eaten more salt than she over the years. He will be able t

12、o tell at a glance whether her boyfriend is a man of character.另一種態(tài)度另一種態(tài)度, 學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候用腦筋想一想學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候用腦筋想一想,學(xué)那些和學(xué)那些和我國(guó)情況適合的東西我國(guó)情況適合的東西, 即吸取對(duì)我們有益的經(jīng)驗(yàn)即吸取對(duì)我們有益的經(jīng)驗(yàn), 我們需要的是這樣一種態(tài)度。我們需要的是這樣一種態(tài)度。The other attitude is to use our heads and learn those things which suit our conditions , that is , to absorb whatever exper

13、ience is useful to us. That is the attitude we should adopt .他很少乘車坐船他很少乘車坐船, 幾乎全靠雙腳翻山越嶺幾乎全靠雙腳翻山越嶺, 長(zhǎng)途跋長(zhǎng)途跋涉涉; 為了弄清大自然的真相為了弄清大自然的真相, 他總是挑選道路艱險(xiǎn)他總是挑選道路艱險(xiǎn)的山區(qū)、人跡稀少的森林進(jìn)行考察的山區(qū)、人跡稀少的森林進(jìn)行考察, 發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多奇山秀景。奇山秀景。He would walk across hills and dales , and trudge long distances to find out the true features of t

14、he great world of nature. He would venture far out into mountainous areas with the most treacherous trails and into jungles seldom visited by human beings. The reward for his work was the discovery of many fantastically beautiful scenes.對(duì)立句對(duì)立句n你們的人參酒質(zhì)量很好，但包裝較差，瓶子你們的人參酒質(zhì)量很好，但包裝較差，瓶子易碎，紙盒太薄，對(duì)我們今后的訂貨，請(qǐng)

15、每易碎，紙盒太薄，對(duì)我們今后的訂貨，請(qǐng)每瓶套一只泡沫塑料套，并裝在較厚的紙盒內(nèi)，瓶套一只泡沫塑料套，并裝在較厚的紙盒內(nèi)，否則我們只能放棄這個(gè)業(yè)務(wù)。否則我們只能放棄這個(gè)業(yè)務(wù)。nThe quality of your Ginseng Wine is fine, but its packing is rather poor. Bottles are subject to breakage and the paper boxes are too thin. In our future orders, please put each bottle in a foamed plastic bag befo

16、re placing it into the cardboard box. Otherwise, we will have to give up this business. n這種經(jīng)營(yíng)方式的特點(diǎn)是共同投資，共同管理，這種經(jīng)營(yíng)方式的特點(diǎn)是共同投資，共同管理，共負(fù)盈虧，可使雙方的關(guān)系更為密切，協(xié)作共負(fù)盈虧，可使雙方的關(guān)系更為密切，協(xié)作更為加強(qiáng)，對(duì)雙方都是有利的。更為加強(qiáng)，對(duì)雙方都是有利的。nThe features of this form of business are joint investment, joint management and joint share in profits

17、and losses. These will be beneficial to both parties in that their relation will be more close and the cooperation be strengthened.我在學(xué)堂里坐著我在學(xué)堂里坐著, 心里也悶心里也悶, 不如給他家放不如給他家放牛牛, 倒快活些。倒快活些。I feel sitting in school boring anyway. Id rather look after our neighbors buffaloes.前半部分是我在學(xué)校里感到悶前半部分是我在學(xué)校里感到悶, 后半部分

18、后半部分是給他家看牛感到快活。譯者在中間處斷句是給他家看牛感到快活。譯者在中間處斷句, 使使兩部分內(nèi)容對(duì)比更加清晰。兩部分內(nèi)容對(duì)比更加清晰。闡述句闡述句要解決問題要解決問題, 還需做系統(tǒng)而周密的調(diào)查研究還需做系統(tǒng)而周密的調(diào)查研究, 這這就是分析的過程。就是分析的過程。In order to solve the problem , it is necessary to make a systematic and thorough investigation. This is the process of analysis.各種語(yǔ)言嘈雜極了各種語(yǔ)言嘈雜極了, 有的在吵架有的在吵架, 有的在患難中有

19、的在患難中談愛談愛, 真是一個(gè)熱鬧的世界。真是一個(gè)熱鬧的世界。People quarreled , and lovers , in spite of the hard times , talked to each other affectionately in a babel of languages. It was a very lively place.n中國(guó)目前的教育制度可以分為四個(gè)階段：學(xué)中國(guó)目前的教育制度可以分為四個(gè)階段：學(xué)前教育，也就是托兒所和幼兒園階段，然后前教育，也就是托兒所和幼兒園階段，然后從六歲開始六年小學(xué)，六年中學(xué)和四年大學(xué)。從六歲開始六年小學(xué)，六年中學(xué)和四年大學(xué)。nAt

20、 present, Chinese educational system can be divided into four stages. Preschool education refers to the period of going to nurseries and kindergartens. School age begins at six. Primary school lasts for six years, so does the secondary education. It takes four years f o r s t u d e n t s t o f i n i

21、 s h t e r t i a r y education/to complete college education.長(zhǎng)句含多層意思時(shí)分譯，使關(guān)系更清晰n我們工廠引進(jìn)了最先進(jìn)的工藝和設(shè)備來(lái)提高我們工廠引進(jìn)了最先進(jìn)的工藝和設(shè)備來(lái)提高印花行業(yè)的技術(shù)，我們倡導(dǎo)高科技和高生產(chǎn)印花行業(yè)的技術(shù)，我們倡導(dǎo)高科技和高生產(chǎn)力，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定，花樣美觀，另外我們還力，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定，花樣美觀，另外我們還堅(jiān)持高產(chǎn)低耗的原則。堅(jiān)持高產(chǎn)低耗的原則。nOur factory has enhanced the printing technology by bringing in the most advanced work

22、manship and equipment. We advocate sophisticated technology and high productivity. Our products enjoy stable quality and beautiful patterns. In addition, we adhere to the principle of low cost and high output.華大媽在枕頭底掏了半天華大媽在枕頭底掏了半天, 掏出一包洋錢掏出一包洋錢, 交給老栓交給老栓, 老栓接了老栓接了, 抖抖的裝入衣袋抖抖的裝入衣袋, 又在外面按了兩下又在外面按了兩下,

23、 便點(diǎn)便點(diǎn)上燈籠上燈籠, 吹熄燈盞吹熄燈盞, 走向里屋去了。走向里屋去了。(魯迅魯迅藥藥)After some fumbling under the pillow , his wifeproduced a packet of silver dollars which she handed over. Old Chuan pocketed it nervously , patted his pocket twice , then lighting a paper lantern and blowing out the lamp , went into the inner room.變序翻譯變序翻譯n漢英兩民族思維方式上有差異，漢語(yǔ)重漢英兩民族思維方式上有差異，漢語(yǔ)重時(shí)間先后，因果，英語(yǔ)則可按順序也可時(shí)間先后，因果，英語(yǔ)則可按順序也可逆順序排列句內(nèi)語(yǔ)義成分，因此有需要逆順序排列句內(nèi)語(yǔ)義成分，因此有需要適當(dāng)調(diào)整以符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣。適當(dāng)調(diào)整以符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣。 因此因此,如果要使學(xué)生充分利用他們?nèi)绻箤W(xué)生充分利用他們(上大學(xué)上大學(xué))的機(jī)會(huì)的機(jī)會(huì),就得為他們提供大量關(guān)于課程的更為詳盡的信息就得為他們提供大量關(guān)于課程的更為詳盡的信息,作更多的指導(dǎo)作更多的