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1、 英語語法副詞 副詞及其基本用法 副詞主要用來修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)。一、副詞的位置1) 在動詞之前。2) 在be動詞、助動詞之后。 3) 多個助動詞時,副詞一般放在第一個助動詞后。注意: a. 大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾,但賓語過長,副詞可以提前,以使句子平衡。例如: We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我們清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。 b. 方式副詞well,badly,hard等只放在句尾。例如:He speaks English well. 他英語說得好。二、副詞的排列順序:1) 時間,地點副詞2)
2、 方式副詞:短的在前,長的在后,并用and或but等連詞連接。例如: Please write slowly and carefully. 請寫得慢一些,仔細一些3) 多個不同副詞排列:程度+地點+方式+時間副詞。注意:副詞very 可以修飾形容詞,但不能修飾動詞。 I like English very much.注意:副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面,名詞前。例如: The book is good enough to read. There is enough food for everyone to eat. 三兼有兩種形式的副詞 1) close與closely clos
3、e意思是"近";closely 意思是"仔細地"。例如: He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我邊上。 Watch him closely. 盯著他。2) late 與lately late意思是"晚";lately 意思是"最近"。例如: You have come too late. 你來得太晚了。 What have you been doing lately? 近來好嗎?3) deep與deeply deep意思是"深",表示空間深度;deeply時常表示感情上
4、的深度,"深深地"。例如: He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插進泥里。 Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被電影深深打動了。4) high與highly high表示空間高度;highly表示程度,相當于much。例如: The plane was flying high. 這架飛機飛得很高。 I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。5) wide與widely wide表示空間寬度;widely意思是"廣泛地&q
5、uot;,"在許多地方"。例如: He opened the door wide. 他把門開得大大的。 English is widely used in the world.英語在世界范圍內(nèi)廣泛使用。6) free與freely free的意思是"免費";freely 的意思是"無限制地"。例如: You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.無論什么時候,我這飯鋪免費對你開放。 You may speak freely; say what you like.你可以暢所欲言,
6、想說什么就說什么。與形容詞同形的副詞和以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞 有些詞既是形容詞又是副詞,但如果其后加-ly,就構(gòu)成了另一種形式的副詞,兩種形式副詞的意義既有區(qū)別又有聯(lián)系。例詞例句direct不繞圈子地,徑直地,直接地directly直率地,立刻The plane goes direct from Beijing to Shanghai.She has never spoken directly about Jim.free免費地,隨意地freely自由地,無限制地You can eat free in my restaurant.You can speak freely,say what you
7、said.hard艱苦地,努力地hardly幾乎不Our teacher always works hard.I can hardly hear what you said.late遲地,晚Lately近來You have come late.Where have you been lately?loud大聲地loudly大聲地(含有吵鬧的意思)Please speak a little louder.They are arguing loudly.most最,大部分地mostly主要地,大部分地I like spring most.The medicine was mostly sugar
8、and water.near接近nearly幾乎Come near and I will tell you a good news.The old man is nearly 90 years old. 四形容詞與副詞的比較級 大多數(shù)形容詞(性質(zhì)形容詞)和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化,即原級、比較級和最高級,用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形,比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。1) 規(guī)則變化 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞,加詞尾-er,-est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。構(gòu)成法原級比較級最高級一般單音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-esttalltallertallest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音
9、詞和少數(shù)以- le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-stnicenicernicest以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞,雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母,再加-er,-estbigbiggerbiggest"以輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,改y為i,再加-er,-estbusybusierbusiest少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-estclever/narrowcleverer/ narrowercleverest/ narrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,在前面加more,most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級important/ easilymore important/ m
10、ore easilymost important/ most easily 2) 不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級goodbetterbestwell(健康的)worseworstbadill(有病的)oldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleastfar farther/furtherfarthest/furthest 五 as + 形容詞或副詞原級 + as 1)在否定句或疑問句中可用so as。例如:He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他沒你跑得快。2)當as as 中間有名
11、詞時采用以下格式:as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞/ as + many/much +名詞。例如: This is as good an example as the other is. 這個例子和另外一個一樣好。 I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙,我也能。3)用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時,放在as的前面。例如: This room is twice as big as that one. 這房間的面積是那間的兩倍。 Your room is the same size as mine.你的房間和我的一樣大。4)倍數(shù)+ as +
12、 adj. + as<=> 倍數(shù)+ the + of。例如: This bridge is three times as long as that one. 這座橋的長度是那座的三倍。 This bridge is three times the length of that one. Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房間是我的兩倍大。 Your room is twice the size of mine. 六比較級形容詞或副詞 + than 。例如: You are taller than I. 你比我高。 They lights
13、in your room are brighter than those in mine.你房間的那些燈比我房間里的亮。注意: 1)要避免重復(fù)使用比較級。 (錯) He is more cleverer than his brother. (對) He is more clever than his brother.2)要避免將主語含在比較對象中。 (錯) China is larger than any country in Asia. (對) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3)要注意對應(yīng)句型,遵循前后一致的原則。 The
14、population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4)要注意定冠詞在比較級中的使用。 比較:Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters. 七可修飾比較級的
15、詞 1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。2)還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。3)以上詞(除by far)外,必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。典型例題:1)- Are you feeling _? - Yes,I'm fine now. A. any wellB. any betterC. quite goodD. quite better答案:B. any 可修飾比較級,quite修飾原級,well的比較級為better
16、. 2)The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A.more B.much more C.much D.more much答案:C.much可修飾比較級,因此B,C都說得通,但easier本身已是比較級,不需more,因此C為正確答案。3)If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D.a much happier time答案:D。
17、60;八many, old 和 far 1) 如果后接名詞時,much more +不可數(shù)名詞,many more +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。2) old 有兩種比較級和最高級形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder,eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的長幼關(guān)系。例如:My elder brother is an engineer. 我哥哥是個工程師。Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. 瑪麗是三姐妹中最大的。3) far 有兩種比較級,farther,further。一般father 表示距離,further表示進一步。例如: I
18、have nothing further to say. 我沒什么要說了。 九 the + 最高級 + 比較范圍 1)形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞 the,副詞最高級前可不用。例如:The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級的含義,只表示"非常"。例如: It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 這是個很重要的問題。 注意:使用最高級要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。
19、 (錯)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (對)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2) 下列詞可修飾最高級,by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如:This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 這帽子差不多是最大的了。注意: a. very可修飾最高級,但位置與much不同。This is the very best.This is much the best. b. 序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。例如: Africa is the
20、second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。3) 最高級的意義有時可以用比較級表示出來。例如: Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 馬克是班上最聰明的。 Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4) "否定詞語+比較級","否定詞語+ so as"結(jié)構(gòu)也可以表示最高級含義。例如: Nothing is so easy as this. 沒比這更簡單的了。 =Nothing is easier than
21、 this. =This is the easiest thing. 十 和more有關(guān)的詞組, 1) the morethe more越就越。例如: The harder you work,the greater progress you'll make. 越努力,進步越大。2) more B than A=less A than B 與其說A不如說B。例如: He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作時,與其說是反應(yīng)慢不如說是懶。3) no more than
22、 與一樣,不比多。例如: The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官員們看到的和皇帝一樣多。 no less than與一樣。例如: He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一樣勤勉。4) more than不只是,非常。例如: She is more than kind to us all. 她對我們非常熱心。典型例題1)The weather in China is different from_.A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that
23、in America 答案:D. 本題意為"中國的天氣比美國熱。"比較的是天氣而不是國家,C不能選。A沒有名詞,后句成分不全,排除。B和D中,B中的one常用來代替可數(shù)名詞,而that可車以代替不可數(shù)或抽象名詞,所以選D。2)After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice manyB. as many twiceC. twice as manyD. twice many as 形容詞和副詞練習(xí)1. A
24、new shopping center on the north side will have _.a. five hundred more than shops b. as more than five hundred shopsc. five hundred shops more than d. more than five hundred shops2. They _ thought that the truth would be finally discovered.a. little b. not c. small d. bit3. They hardly believe that
25、the apartment which costs them $ 4,000 is _.a. so small b. such little c. so little d. such small4. The chairman asked _ to write their questions on a piece of paper and send them to the front.a. the present members b. the members presently c. the members present d. the presently members5.
26、160; The price was very reasonable; I would gladly have paid _ he asked.a. three times much as b. three times as many as c. as three times much as d. three times as much as6. The trousers are _, but Tom does not care a bit.a. too a little small b. a little too small c. a too little small d. a small
27、too little7. She wore a dress to the party that was far more attractive than _.a. other girls b. that of other girls c. the other girls d. those of other girls8. he can play tennis better than _ in the class.a. any boys b. any other boy c. any boy d. any other9. Kasia is taking her _ tour of the shops in search of bargains.a. daily b. day c. day time d. night10. _ the child expresses his interest in an activity, the stronger it will become.a. The more frequent b. The frequenter c. The more frequ
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