圖表作文指導(dǎo)

1、一、寫作模式一、寫作模式: 統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)或被說(shuō)明的事物用圖表形式體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)或被說(shuō)明的事物用圖表形式體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。二、常見(jiàn)圖表類型二、常見(jiàn)圖表類型 A 表示表示數(shù)據(jù)變化數(shù)據(jù)變化的的曲線圖曲線圖; (a): Number of TV watchers (b): Number of film goersNumber of People (in thousands)B 表示數(shù)據(jù)的表示數(shù)據(jù)的大小或數(shù)量大小或數(shù)量之之間的差異的間的差異的柱狀圖柱狀圖;C 表示總體表示總體內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)變化內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)變化的的扇形圖扇形圖。學(xué)生主要課余活動(dòng)及所用時(shí)間學(xué)生主要課余活動(dòng)及所用時(shí)間分析分析:本本統(tǒng)計(jì)表描述統(tǒng)計(jì)表描述中國(guó)人

2、民從中國(guó)人民從2001年至年至2005年飲年飲食結(jié)構(gòu)的變食結(jié)構(gòu)的變化。化。 20012002200320042005grain43%42%41%41%40%milk13%14%14.5%14.5%15%meat25%25%26%26.5%27.5%Fruit&vegetable19%19%18.5%18%17.5%total100%100%100%100%100%D 非常直觀的非常直觀的數(shù)據(jù)表數(shù)據(jù)表。常用篇章結(jié)構(gòu)常用篇章結(jié)構(gòu):一、開(kāi)頭：用一兩個(gè)句子交代圖表所要描述的話一、開(kāi)頭：用一兩個(gè)句子交代圖表所要描述的話 題經(jīng)常使用的詞匯有題經(jīng)常使用的詞匯有:table, chart, figur

3、e, graph, describe, tell, show, represent等。等。 或用句型或用句型have carried out a survey among ,which shows二、正文：根據(jù)自己的寫作需要，調(diào)整圖表中的二、正文：根據(jù)自己的寫作需要，調(diào)整圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)出現(xiàn)的順序，描述數(shù)據(jù)間的主要差異或趨勢(shì)數(shù)據(jù)出現(xiàn)的順序，描述數(shù)據(jù)間的主要差異或趨勢(shì)（具體情況具體分析，審清材料是否要求對(duì)每個(gè)（具體情況具體分析，審清材料是否要求對(duì)每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)分析原因分析原因，或是針對(duì)數(shù)個(gè)或其中一個(gè)），或是針對(duì)數(shù)個(gè)或其中一個(gè)）rise, increase, double, drop, reduce,

4、lessen, decrease, fall, steady, steep, sharp, slow, slightas.as, more than, less than, over, with n%while, but, on the contrary, however, compare. to/ with., in contrast to, the same as, similar to, different from, difference between, among, 等等三、結(jié)尾：三、結(jié)尾： 個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)或建議個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)或建議 （發(fā)揮聯(lián)想，類比生活）（發(fā)揮聯(lián)想，類比生活）in a wor

5、d, in short, Its clear from the chart that., 等等出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題：出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題：1、主觀色彩較濃、主觀色彩較濃 50% of the students are influenced by TV and films. As for me, while I was watching TV I was a little bit shocked when I saw2、主次不分、主次不分 只用一句話進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)描述，大量篇幅分析原因只用一句話進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)描述，大量篇幅分析原因3、審題不清：在每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)后都進(jìn)行原因的描述、審題不清：在每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)后都進(jìn)行原因的描述4、數(shù)據(jù)表達(dá)句式

6、單一：、數(shù)據(jù)表達(dá)句式單一：50% of .; 30% of 步驟：步驟： 1、審題關(guān)鍵：、審題關(guān)鍵： A 說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明文 B 客觀表述或客觀地發(fā)表看法客觀表述或客觀地發(fā)表看法 C 主要是調(diào)查結(jié)果說(shuō)明，即數(shù)據(jù)描述；其次主要是調(diào)查結(jié)果說(shuō)明，即數(shù)據(jù)描述；其次 是對(duì)其中仁和一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)的看法、即原因分析是對(duì)其中仁和一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)的看法、即原因分析2、草稿：、草稿： A 寫下首句寫下首句 B 可用到詞可用到詞 影響：影響：effect、influence、 strong、 a little C 數(shù)據(jù)順序：從高到低數(shù)據(jù)順序：從高到低 可能用到的句型可能用到的句型 下列表格為某市下列表格為某市1996年與年與2006年

7、人們度假方式的年人們度假方式的 情況比較，請(qǐng)按表格內(nèi)容寫一篇情況比較，請(qǐng)按表格內(nèi)容寫一篇150詞左右的短詞左右的短文，并對(duì)度假方式變化原因加以簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)析。文，并對(duì)度假方式變化原因加以簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)析。年度年度19962006原因原因境外旅游境外旅游11%22%收入增加收入增加海邊度假海邊度假38%31%海水污染海水污染爬山野營(yíng)爬山野營(yíng)11%34%回歸自然回歸自然The way people spend their holidays changed a lot from 1996 to 2006. _ The way people spend their holidays changed a lot fr

8、om 1996 to 2006. The table shows that a greater number of people spent their holidays traveling abroad in 2006. The rate of 2006 (22%) doubled that of 1996 (11%). We are sure that the number will increase because with their incomes rising, more people can afford the journeys abroad. At the same time

9、, the seaside attracted a lot of people. However, the rate slightly dropped from 38% in 1996 to 31% in 2006, the reason for which lies in the fact that sea water is being polluted. The polluted seaside is likely to drive more visitors away. The year 2006 saw a sharp increase in the number of people

10、who went climbing and camping. The rate in 2006 (34%) was more than three times that in 1996 (11%). The reason is that more and more people are eager to get close to nature.【例析【例析1】請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表提供的信息寫一篇題為】請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表提供的信息寫一篇題為Changes in Chinese Peoples Diet的短文。短文可分為三小節(jié)的短文。短文可分為三小節(jié):1)state the changes in peoples

11、 diet in the past five years;2)explain the changes and give possible reasons ;3)draw your own conclusions.注意注意: 1. 盡可能少引用數(shù)據(jù)盡可能少引用數(shù)據(jù); 2. 詞數(shù)詞數(shù)100左右。左右。分析分析:本本統(tǒng)計(jì)表描述統(tǒng)計(jì)表描述中國(guó)人民從中國(guó)人民從2001年至年至2005年飲年飲食結(jié)構(gòu)的變食結(jié)構(gòu)的變化?；?。 20012002200320042005grain43%42%41%41%40%milk13%14%14.5%14.5%15%meat25%25%26%26.5%27.5%Fruit&a

12、mp;vegetable19%19%18.5%18%17.5%total100%100%100%100%100%第一步第一步:點(diǎn)明此表格所表明的主題。點(diǎn)明此表格所表明的主題。Key words：changes , in the diet of【例析【例析1】請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表提供的信息寫一篇題為】請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表提供的信息寫一篇題為Changes in Chinese Peoples Diet的短文的短文,短文可分為三小節(jié)短文可分為三小節(jié):1)state the changes in peoples diet in the past five years;2)explain the changes an

13、d give possible reasons ;3)draw your own conclusions.注意注意:1. 盡可能少引用數(shù)據(jù)盡可能少引用數(shù)據(jù); 2. 詞數(shù)詞數(shù)100左右。左右。分析分析:本本統(tǒng)計(jì)表描述統(tǒng)計(jì)表描述中國(guó)人民從中國(guó)人民從2001年至年至2005年飲年飲食結(jié)構(gòu)的變食結(jié)構(gòu)的變化?；?。 20012002200320042005grain43%42%41%41%40%milk13%14%14.5%14.5%15%meat25%25%26%26.5%27.5%Fruit&vegetable19%19%18.5%18%17.5%total100%100%100%100%10

14、0%第二步第二步:觀察圖表中數(shù)據(jù)的增減總趨勢(shì)觀察圖表中數(shù)據(jù)的增減總趨勢(shì), 分類式分類式 闡明闡明,并說(shuō)明原因。并說(shuō)明原因。 Grain, the main food of the most people in China, is now playing a less important role. The amount of fruit and vegetables in the average peoples diet has also dropped by 1.5 percent from 2001 to 2005. The amount of milk and meat has incr

15、eased. The changes in diet can be explained by several reasons. For one thing, with the development of the economy, people can afford to buy better foods. For another, people have realized the importance of a balanced diet.【例析【例析1】請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表提供的信息寫一篇題為】請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表提供的信息寫一篇題為Changes in Chinese Peoples Diet的短文的短

16、文,短文可分為三小節(jié)短文可分為三小節(jié):1)state the changes in peoples diet in the past five years;2)explain the changes and give possible reasons ;3)draw your own conclusions.注意注意:1. 盡可能少引用數(shù)據(jù)盡可能少引用數(shù)據(jù); 2. 詞數(shù)詞數(shù)100左右。左右。分析分析:本本統(tǒng)計(jì)表描述統(tǒng)計(jì)表描述中國(guó)人民從中國(guó)人民從2001年至年至2005年飲年飲食結(jié)構(gòu)的變食結(jié)構(gòu)的變化。化。 20012002200320042005grain43%42%41%41%40%milk1

17、3%14%14.5%14.5%15%meat25%25%26%26.5%27.5%Fruit&vegetable19%19%18.5%18%17.5%total100%100%100%100%100%第三步第三步:歸納總結(jié)并得出結(jié)論。歸納總結(jié)并得出結(jié)論。In a word, the changes are the signs of the improvement in peoples lives. There is no doubt that there will be great changes in peoples diet in the future. APercentage o

18、f Average Family Expense in 2000 BPercentage of Average Family Expense in2005Housing 25%other57%Housing32%other46%Fooddrink22%Fooddrink18%【例析【例析2】根據(jù)下面所給兩幅圖】根據(jù)下面所給兩幅圖,完成完成100詞左右的一篇短詞左右的一篇短文文(首句已給出首句已給出)。參考詞匯。參考詞匯: expenses: n. 支出支出,費(fèi)用費(fèi)用 The Average Family ExpensesThe average family income in the U. S

19、. has increased._分析分析:第一步第一步:點(diǎn)明本圓形圖所表明的主題。點(diǎn)明本圓形圖所表明的主題。the average income， change，the way of spending， APercentage of Average Family Expense in 2000 BPercentage of Average Family Expense in2005Housing 25%other57%Housing32%other46%Fooddrink22%Fooddrink18%【例析【例析2】根據(jù)下面所給兩幅圖】根據(jù)下面所給兩幅圖,完成完成100詞左右的一篇短詞左右的

20、一篇短文文(首句已給出首句已給出)。參考詞匯。參考詞匯: expenses: n. 支出支出,費(fèi)用費(fèi)用The Average Family ExpensesThe average family income in the U. S. has increased._第二步第二步:描述兩個(gè)圓形內(nèi)數(shù)據(jù)間的變化。描述兩個(gè)圓形內(nèi)數(shù)據(jù)間的變化。In 2000, 25% of the income was spent on housing, and 18% on food and drink. 57% was used to meet all other expenses. In 2005, there w

21、as a big increase in housing, on which 32% was spent. Food and drink consumed 22%. The remaining expenses amount to 46% APercentage of Average Family Expense in 2000 BPercentage of Average Family Expense in2005Housing 25%other57%Housing32%other46%Fooddrink22%Fooddrink18%【例析【例析2】根據(jù)下面所給兩幅圖】根據(jù)下面所給兩幅圖,完

22、成完成100詞左右的一篇短詞左右的一篇短文文(首句已給出首句已給出)。參考詞匯。參考詞匯: expenses: n. 支出支出,費(fèi)用費(fèi)用The Average Family ExpensesThe average family income in the U. S. has increased._第三步第三步: 結(jié)論。結(jié)論。Its clear that，from the charts，afford to，more comfortably 學(xué)生主要課余活動(dòng)及所用時(shí)間學(xué)生主要課余活動(dòng)及所用時(shí)間每天所用時(shí)間（分鐘）每天所用時(shí)間（分鐘）一、內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：一、內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)： 1. 圖表圖表1中六項(xiàng)活動(dòng)及所用時(shí)間

23、中六項(xiàng)活動(dòng)及所用時(shí)間 2. 圖表圖表2中一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)反映的情況中一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)反映的情況 3. 自己的一個(gè)看法自己的一個(gè)看法某學(xué)校對(duì)中學(xué)生課余活動(dòng)進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，結(jié)果如下。請(qǐng)根某學(xué)校對(duì)中學(xué)生課余活動(dòng)進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，結(jié)果如下。請(qǐng)根據(jù)圖表?yè)?jù)圖表1 1提供的信息描述學(xué)生每天的課余活動(dòng)，并針對(duì)圖提供的信息描述學(xué)生每天的課余活動(dòng)，并針對(duì)圖表表2 2中任何一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)中反映的情況寫出你的一個(gè)看法。詞中任何一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)中反映的情況寫出你的一個(gè)看法。詞數(shù)不少于數(shù)不少于6060。例文解析例文解析 Key words 1.the daily average amount of time, different after-class act

24、ivities.第一步第一步:本圖表所反映的主題本圖表所反映的主題1.The Chart shows the daily average amount of time the students spend on different after-class activities.學(xué)生主要課余活動(dòng)及所用時(shí)間學(xué)生主要課余活動(dòng)及所用時(shí)間每天所用時(shí)間（分鐘）每天所用時(shí)間（分鐘）一、內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：一、內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)： 1. 圖表圖表1中六項(xiàng)活動(dòng)及所用時(shí)間中六項(xiàng)活動(dòng)及所用時(shí)間 2. 圖表圖表2中一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)反映的情況中一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)反映的情況 3. 自己的一個(gè)看法自己的一個(gè)看法某學(xué)校對(duì)中學(xué)生課余活動(dòng)進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，結(jié)果如下。請(qǐng)根某

25、學(xué)校對(duì)中學(xué)生課余活動(dòng)進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，結(jié)果如下。請(qǐng)根據(jù)圖表?yè)?jù)圖表1 1提供的信息描述學(xué)生每天的課余活動(dòng)，并針對(duì)圖提供的信息描述學(xué)生每天的課余活動(dòng)，并針對(duì)圖表表2 2中任何一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)中反映的情況寫出你的一個(gè)看法。詞中任何一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)中反映的情況寫出你的一個(gè)看法。詞數(shù)不少于數(shù)不少于6060。例文解析例文解析 2.their homework 93 minutes 3. 46 minutes on TV 4.listening to music and working on the computer 34 minutes and 30 minutes each 5. for sports 25 minutes

26、6. housework 12 minutes 第二步第二步:圖表圖表1中六項(xiàng)活動(dòng)及所用時(shí)間中六項(xiàng)活動(dòng)及所用時(shí)間 On Chart 1, The students put 93 minutes into their homework. And watching TV takes up 46 minutes. They put in about the same amount of time listening to music and working on the computer, 34 minutes and 30 minutes each. 25 minutes is spent on

27、sports, only 12 minutes goes into housework.學(xué)生各項(xiàng)業(yè)余活動(dòng)所占課余時(shí)間比例每天所用時(shí)間（分鐘）每天所用時(shí)間（分鐘）7 . chart 2 :Little time for sports8. suggestions第三步第三步:圖表圖表2中一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)反映的情況中一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)反映的情況 及自己的一個(gè)看法及自己的一個(gè)看法 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities we should encourage the students to do more exercise after class The C

28、hart shows the daily average amount of time the students spend on different after-class activities. On Chart 1，the students put most of their time 93 minutesinto their homework, and next in line is watching TV, which takes up 46 minutes. They put in about the same amount of time listening to music a

29、nd working on the computer, 34 minutes and 30 minutes each. While 25 minutes is spent on sports, only 12 minutes goes into housework. As is shown on Chart 2, only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities. I think the school should encourage the students to do more exercise after class. Onl

30、y in this way, can they be healthier and more energetic. 觀察下列圖表觀察下列圖表, 已已”Changes in the Ownership of Houses” 為題為題, 為校報(bào)寫一篇短文為校報(bào)寫一篇短文.短文應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容短文應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容:1. 根據(jù)圖示描述該市住房產(chǎn)權(quán)的變化根據(jù)圖示描述該市住房產(chǎn)權(quán)的變化;2. 分析產(chǎn)生這些變化的原因分析產(chǎn)生這些變化的原因;3. 說(shuō)明這些變化對(duì)個(gè)人和社會(huì)產(chǎn)生的影響說(shuō)明這些變化對(duì)個(gè)人和社會(huì)產(chǎn)生的影響; Ownership of Houses in a Big City in China%204060

31、80100199520002005State-ownedprivate注意注意:詞數(shù)詞數(shù)100左右左右. 首句已經(jīng)為你寫好首句已經(jīng)為你寫好,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)不計(jì)入總詞數(shù).Changes in the Ownership of HousesChanges in the Ownership of Houses As can be seen from the chart, ownership of As can be seen from the chart, ownership of houses in a big city in China has changed a lot houses in a

32、big city in China has changed a lot in the past ten years. in the past ten years. In 1995, 75% of the houses were state- In 1995, 75% of the houses were state- owned. Five years later, the owned. Five years later, the raterate of state-owned of state-owned houses houses toto private ones was private

33、 ones was 3 to 2.3 to 2. But from But from then on, the ownership of houses changed then on, the ownership of houses changed rapidly and so far 80% of houses rapidly and so far 80% of houses have been have been private.private. What caused the changesWhat caused the changes？There might There might h

34、ave been two main reasons. have been two main reasons. First,First, from 1995 from 1995 up to now, the peoples living standards have up to now, the peoples living standards have been improving. Most of them can afford to been improving. Most of them can afford to buy the houses. buy the houses. Seco

35、ndSecond, most people do not , most people do not save a lot of money in the bank for their save a lot of money in the bank for their children as their parents did in the past. They children as their parents did in the past. They want to have their own home and enjoy life.want to have their own home and enjoy life. Such changes Such changes have had a great effect onhave had a great effect on the the development of society. It does good to both development of society. It does good to both the citizens and the whole city.the citiz