2019-2020年高中英語Unit4ExploringplantsReading

1、2019-2020年高中英語Unit4ExploringplantsReadingPartOne:TeachingDesignPeriod1:Asamplelessonplanforreading(PLANTEXPLORATIONINTHE18THAND19THCENTURIES)AimsTohelpstudentsdeveloptheirreadingabilityTohelpstudentslearnexploringplantsProceduresWarmingupbydefiningplantsPlantsareamajorgroupoflivingthings300,000speci

2、es),includingfamiliarsuchastrees,flowers,herbs,andferns.(aboutorganismsAristotledividedalllivingthingsbetweenplants,whichgenerallydonotmoveorhavesensoryorgans,andanimals.InLinnaeus'system,thesebecametheKingdomsVegetabilia(laterPlantae)andAnimalia.Sincethen,ithasbeeclearthatthePlantaeasoriginally

3、definedincludedseveralunrelatedgroups,andthefungiandseveralgroupsofalgaewereremovedtonewkingdoms.However,thesearestilloftenconsideredplantsinmanycontexts.Indeed,anyattempttomatch"plant"withasingletaxonisdoomedtofail,becauseplantisavaguelydefinedconceptunrelatedtothepresumedphylogenicconcep

4、tsonwhichmoderntaxonomyisbased.WarmingupbytalkingaboutdifferentgardensGardensvaryinformsandfunctions.Howmanycanyouseeinyourarea?GardensmayfunctioninaparticularmannerBotanicalgarden,munitygarden,Forestgarden,Raisedbedgardening,Residentialgarden,Roofgarden,Verticalgarden,Waterorsoil-lessgardening(hydr

5、oponics),Walledgarden,Windowbox,ZoologicalgardenWarmingupbydiscussinggardeningGardeningistheactivityofgrowingandmaintainingthegarden.Thisworkisdonebyanamateurorprofessionalgardener.Agardenermightalsoworkinanon-gardensetting,suchasapark,aroadsideembankment,orotherpublicspace.Landscapearchitectureisar

6、elatedprofessionalactivitywithlandscapearchitectstendingtospecialiseindesignforpublicandcorporateclients.I. Pre-readingWhatisagarden?Agardenisaplannedspace,usuallyoutdoors,setasideforthedisplay,cultivation,andenjoymentofplantsandotherformsofnature.Thegardencanincorporatebothnaturalandman-mademateria

7、ls.Themostmonformisknownasaresidentialgarden.Westerngardensarealmostuniversallybasedaroundplants.Zoos,whichdisplaywildanimalsinsimulatednaturalhabitats,wereformerlycalledzoologicalgardens.Sometraditionaltypesofeasterngardens,suchasZengardens,useplantssparselyornotatall.Food-producinggardensaredistin

8、guishedfromfarmsbytheirsmallerscale,morelabor-intensivemethods,andtheirpurpose(enjoymentofahobbyratherthanproduceforsale);thisdistinctionisnotalwaysclear-cut,however.Thegardeningarticlediscussesthedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweengardensandfarmsingreaterdetail.Gardeningistheactivityofgrowingandmaint

9、ainingthegarden.Thisworkisdonebyanamateurorprofessionalgardener.Agardenermightalsoworkinanon-gardensetting,suchasapark,aroadsideembankment,orotherpublicspace.Landscapearchitectureisarelatedprofessionalactivitywithlandscapearchitectstendingtospecialiseindesignforpublicandcorporateclients.II. Readingf

10、orformsReadthetextPLANTEXPLORATIONINTHE18THAND19THCENTURIESto:cut/thesentenceintothoughtgroups,blackenthepredicative,darkentheconnectivesandunderlinealltheusefulexpressions.PLANTEXPLORATIONINTHE18THAND19THCENTURIESTheplants/inourgardens/looksofamiliar/thatoftenwedonotrealizethat/manyofthemactuallyef

11、romcountries/faraway.Collecting“exotic"plants,astheyarecalled,datesbacktotheearliesttimes.Manyancientcivilizationssawthevalueofbringingbackplants/fromdistantlands.Thefirstplantcollectingexpedition/recordedinhistorywasaround1500BC/whentheQueenofEgyptsentshipsawaytogatherplants,animals/andothergo

12、ods.However,itwasnotuntiltheeighteenth/andnineteenthcenturies/thattheexplorationofthebotanicalworldbeganonalargescale.Europehadbeeinterestedinscientificdiscovery/andtheEuropeanmiddleclassestookgreatinterestincollectingnewplants.Thisattraction/toexoticplantsgrewasEuropeannations,liketheNetherlands,Br

13、itain/andSpain,movedintootherpartsoftheworld/likeAsia/andAustralia.Braveyoungmentooktheopportunityofgoingonbotanicalexpeditions,oftenfacingmanydangers/includingdisease,near-starvation,severeenvironments/andconflictswiththelocalpeople.AnimportantgroupofcollectorswereFrenchCatholicmissionaries/who,byt

14、hemiddleofthe18thcentury,werebeginningtosetthemselvesup/inChina.Onesuchmissionary,Fatherd'Incarville,wassenttoBeijing/inthe1740s.Hecollectedseedsoftrees/andbushes/includingthoseoftheTreeofHeaven.Justbeforehedied,hesentsomeTreeofHeavenseeds/toEngland.Theyarrivedin1751/andplants/fromtheseseedswere

15、grownthroughoutEurope/andlater,in1784,thespecieswasintroducedinNorthAmerica.SirJosephBankswasaveryfamousBritishplantcollector,whoacpaniedJamesCook/onhisfirstvoyage/fromEngland/toOceania.Thepurposeofthetrip/forBankswastorecordtheplant/andanimallife/theycameacross.He/andhisteamcollectedexamples/whenev

16、ertheywentontodryland.In1769,Bankscollectedvastquantitiesofplants/inthelandnow/knownasAustralia.NoneoftheseplantshadbeenrecordedbyEuropeansbefore.Cookcalledthebay/wheretheEndeavourhadanchoredBotanyBay.Keepingplantsalive/duringlongland/orseavoyageswasanenormouschallenge.Largenumbersofseedsfailedtogro

17、w/afterlongseavoyages/ortrips/acrossland/betweenAsia/andEurope.Oneplantexplorerlostseveralyears'work/whenhisplantswereruinedwithseawater.TheworldofplantexplorationwaspletelychangedwithDrNathanielWard'sinvention/ofatightlysealedportableglasscontainer.Thisinvention,calledtheWardiancase,allowed

18、plants/tobetransported/onlongjourneys.In1833,Wardshippedtwocases/ofBritishplants/toSydney,Australia.Alltheplantssurvivedthesix-monthjourney.In1835,thecasesmadeareturntrip/withsomeAustralianspecies/thathadneverbeensuccessfullytransportedbefore.Aftereightmonths/atsea,theyarrivedsafely/inLondon.ABritis

19、hman/calledRobertFortunewasoneoftheearliestplantcollectors/touseWardiancases.Hemadeseveraltrips/toChina/between1843/and1859.Atthattime,therewererestrictions/onthemovementofEuropeans/andso,inordertotravelunnoticed,hedevelopedhisfluency/inChinese/anddressedasaChineseman,evenshavinghishead/intheChinese

20、style.Heexperiencedmanyadventures/includinghugethunderstorms/intheYellowSea/andpirates/ontheYangtzeRiver.NotonlydidFortuneintroduceover120speciesofplants/toWesterngardens/buthealsoshipped20,000teaplants/fromShanghai/toIndia,whereasuccessfulteaindustrywasestablished.Thesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentur

21、ywasaveryimportantperiodofplantexploration.Duringthistime/manyCatholicmissionariesweresenttoChina/fromFrance.Theyvaluedthestudyofthenaturalsciences/andmanyofthemissionaries/knewalotaboutplants/andanimals.Theirexpeditionsresultedinhugeplantcollections,whichweresentbacktoFrance.OneofthecollectorswasFa

22、therFarges,whocollected37seeds/fromatree/thathadappealedtohim.ThistreewaslatercalledtheDoveTree.Hesenttheseeds/backtoFrance/in1897/butonlyoneseedgrew.Althoughthemissionariescollectedlargenumbersofspecimens,therewasnotenoughmaterial/forgrowingparticularspecies/inWesterngardens.However,Europeanbotanis

23、tswereveryexcitedwiththeknowledge/thatChinahadavastvarietyofplants,somanyplantcollectorsweresentoncollectingtrips/toChina.OneofthesecollectorswasEHWilson/who,in1899,wasabletocollectalargequantityofseeds/oftheDoveTree/thatFatherFargeshaddiscovered.Wilson/andotherplantcollectorsintroducedmanynewplants

24、/toWesterngardens.III. CopyingexpressionsandmakingsentencesYouareaskedtocopyalltheusefulexpressionsintoyournotebookafterclassashomework.Youmaymakeyourownsentenceswitheachoftheseexpressions.Expressionsfrom:PLANTEXPLORATIONINTHE18THAND19THCENTURIEStheplantsinone'sgardens,so.that.efTom.countriesfar

25、away,collect“exotic"plants,datebacktotheearliesttimes,manyancientcivilizations,thevalueof.,bringbackplantsfromdistantlands,theQueenofEgypt,sendshipsaway,gatherplants,animalsandothergoods,itwasnotuntil.that.,theexplorationofthebotanicalworld,onalargescale,beeinterestedin.,scientificdiscovery,the

26、Europeanmiddleclasses,takegreatinterestin.,theattractiontoexoticplants,moveintootherpartsoftheworld,taketheopportunityof.,goonbotanicalexpeditions,facemanydangers,severeenvironments,conflictswiththelocalpeople,bythemiddleofthe18thcentury,setoneselvesupin.,collectseedsoftreesandbushes,theTreeofHeaven

27、,send.to.arrivein,throughoutEurope,acpanysb.,thepurposeof.,eacross,collectedexamples,goontodryland,vastquantitiesof.,knownas,keep.alive,duringlonglandorseavoyages,anenormouschallenge,Largenumbersof,failto,theworldofplantexploration,betransportedonlongjourneys,makeareturntrip,maketripsto.,atthattime,

28、onthemovementofEuropeans,inorderto,dressedas.,shaveone'sheadintheChinesestyle,experiencemanyadventures,includinghugethunderstorms,intheYellowSea,piratesontheYangtzeRiver,Notonlydid.butalso.,asuccessfulteaindustry,thesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentury,averyimportantperiodofplantexploration,valuethe

29、studyofthenaturalsciences,knowabout,resultin,appealtosb.,beexcitedwith,avastvarietyofplants,sendoncollectingtripsto.,alargequantityof,introduce.to.IV. ReadingandtransformingReadthetextagaintopletethecharttofillinthetopicsentenceofeachparagraph.PLANTEXPLORATIONINTHE18THAND19THCENTURIESTopicsentenceof

30、1stparagraphCollecting“exotic”plantheyarecalled,datesbacktotheearliesttimes.Topicsentenceof2ndparagraphHowever,itwasnotuntiltheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesthattheexplorationofthebotanicalworldbeganonalargescale.Topicsentenceof3rdparagraphAnimportantgroupofcollectorswereFrenchCatholicmissionaries

31、who,bythemiddleofthe18thcentury,werebeginningtosetthemselvesupinChina.Topicsentenceof4hparagraphSirJosephBankswasaveryfamousBritishplantcollector,whoacpaniedJamesCookonhisfirstvoyagefromEnglandtoOceania.Topicsentenceof5hparagraphKeepingplantsaliveduringlonglandorseavoyageswasanenormouschallenge.Topi

32、csentenceof6hparagraphTheworldofplantexplorationwaspletelychangedwithDrNathanielWardsinventionofatightlysealedportableglasscontainer.Topicsentenceof7thparagraphABritishmancalledRobertFortunewasoneoftheearliestplantcollectorstouseWardiancasesTopicsentenceof8hparagraphThesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentu

33、rywasaveryimportantperiodofplantexploration.Topicsentenceof9hparagraphAlthoughthemissionariescollectedlargenumbersofspecimens,therewasnotenoughmaterialforgrowingparticularspeciesinWesterngardensV.ClosingdownbylearningaboutprehistoricplantsPrehistoricplantsarevariousgroupsofplantsthatlivedbeforerecor

34、dedhistory(beforeabout3500BC).Plantshaveremainedremarkedlyunchangedthoughoutearth'sgeologicaltimescale.EarlyfernshaddevelopedbytheMississippian,conifersbythePennsylvanian.Someplantsofprehistoryarethesameonesaroundtodayandarethuslivingfossils,suchasGinkgobilobaandSciadopitysverticillata.Additiona

35、lMaterialspletethesummaryofthetextwithonewordineachblank.Itwasnot1_theeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies_2theexplorationofthebotanicalworldbegan_3alargescale.Animportantgroupofcollectors4FrenchCatholicmissionaries5_,bythemiddleofthe18thcentury,_6beginningtosetthemselvesupinChina._7plantsaliveduringlon

36、glandorseavoyages8anenormouschallenge._9numbersofseedsfailedtogrowafterlongsea_10ortripsacrossland11AsiaandEurope.Theworldofplantexploration12pletelychanged13DrNathanielWard'sinvention14atightlysealedportableglasscontainer.Thisinvention,15theWardiancase,allowedplantstobe_16onlongjourneys.ABritis

37、hman_17RobertFortunewasoneoftheearliestplant_18touseWardiancases_19secondhalfofthenineteenthcentury20averyimportantperiodofplant_21.DuringthistimemanyCatholicmissionaries22senttoChinafromFrance.23themissionariescollectedlargenumbers24specimens,therewas_25enoughmaterialforgrowingparticularspeciesin26

38、gardens.(key:1.until2.that3.on4.were5.who6.were7.Keeping8.was9.Large10.voyages11.between12.was13.with14.of15.called16.transported17.called18.collectors19.The20.was21.exploration22.were23.Although24.of25.not26.Western)Notestothespecialsentences1. Collecting“exoti(plants,astheyarecalled,datesbacktothe

39、earliesttimes.收集“異國”植物，人們這樣稱呼他們，可以追溯到遠(yuǎn)古時期。句中astheyarecalled是非限制性定語從句，as是關(guān)系代詞，起連接作用，同時作從句中的主語補(bǔ)語。請看關(guān)系代詞as的其它例句：Ireceivedthesamegradeasyoudid.Thoseaswanttocanewithme.Ireceivedthesamegradeasyoudid.Thoseaswanttocanewithme.2. However,itwasnotuntiltheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesthattheexplorationoftheb

40、otanicalworldbeganonalargescale.然而,直到十八、十九世紀(jì)植物學(xué)世界的探險活動才開始大規(guī)模進(jìn)行。句中itwasnotuntil.that.意思是：在以前一直（不以後才。例如：Itwasnotuntilhewasthirtythathestartedtopaint.他直到三十歲才開始繪畫。3. LargenumbersofseedsfailedtogrowafterlongseavoyagesortripsacrosslandbetweenAsiaandEurope.大量的種子在跨越亞洲和歐洲之后沒能成功地生長。句中l(wèi)argenumberof量詞用法，它是放在名詞前

41、面並修飾名詞的字。它們告訴我們多少(howmanyorhowmuch)。例如：manytrees，afewtrees，fewtrees，severaltrees，acoupleoftrees，noneofthetrees。下列量詞用于不可數(shù)名詞：notmuchdancing，alittledancing，littledancing，abitofdancing,agooddealofdancing，agreatdealofdancing，nodancingo列量詞用于可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞：allofthetrees/dancing，sometrees/dancing，mostofthetrees

42、/dancing，enoughtrees/dancing，alotoftrees/dancing，lotsoftrees/dancing，plentyoftrees/dancing，alackoftrees/dancing4. WardshippedtwocasesofBritishplantstoSydney，Australia.沃得把英國植物裝船運(yùn)送到澳洲悉尼。句中的shipped原來是名詞，轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞了。相當(dāng)多名詞可以用作動詞。例如：Haveyoubookedyourticket?你的票訂好了嗎？Whochairedthemeeting?誰主持會議？Hepinnedgreathopeso

43、nus.他對我們寄托了很大希望。Itcanseatathousandpeople.它能坐一千人。Wehavemappedoutplansfortheirutilization.我們制定了使用它們的計(jì)劃。ItpicturesthelifeofoverseasChinesestudents.它描繪海外中國留學(xué)生的生活。Hehurriedlypencilledthetimeonit.他匆忙（用鉛筆）在上面寫下了時間。Bynoonhehadbaggedthreehares.到中午時他已捕獲了三只野兔。Themachinebottles15000jarsofcoldcreamaday.這臺機(jī)器一天能裝一

44、萬五千瓶冷霜。Themoneywasallpockedbycorruptofficials.這錢都進(jìn)了腐敗官吏的腰包。Hehammeredanailintothewall.他在墻上釘了一只釘子。5. HemadeseveraltripstoChinabetween1843and1859.他在1843和1859年之間到中國進(jìn)行了幾次旅行。由make加名詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞還有：makesteal,laws,friends,research,muchprogress,greateffort,sometea,somenoise,contribution,war,peace,modelships,mone

45、y,love,nocondition,confidences,remarks,faces,clothes,profit,sometrouble,sense,difference,haste,room,one'sway,dinner,fun,preparations,sailmakeanexcuse,offer,experiment,observation,impression,answer,advance,attack,attempt,exam,investigation,explanation,arrangement,appointment,application,anerror,e

46、xchange,invitation,accusation,enquiry,improvement,outline,oath,approach,entry,exceptionmakeastatement,sketch,plaint,charge,journey,request,beginning,promise,bargain,ment,copy,criticism,correction,difference,discovery,fortune,haste,survey,jump,sacrifice,demand,study,guess,visit,call,slip,shave,bed,mi

47、stake,fire,speech,walk,vote,haste,plan,will,living,remendation,reduction,decision,promise,reference,poem,sentence,suggestion,habit,demonstration,summary,parison,preparation,choice,joke,reply,resolution,face,noise,check,record,railway,canal,trip,cake,law,meal,face,guess,contrast,policy,mends,change,b

48、ow,confession,move,point,price,sound,stand,word,6. NotonlydidFortuneintroduceover120speciesofplantstoWesterngardensbuthealsoshipped20,000teaplantsfromShanghaitoIndia,whereasuccessfulteaindustrywasestablished.福欽不僅將120種植物引入西方花園，而且從上海裝船運(yùn)送20,000株茶樹到印度，在那里成功創(chuàng)立了茶葉行業(yè)。Notonly置于句首，其句子要部分倒裝。部分倒裝有如下情形：1) 部分倒裝即

49、只把謂語的一部分(如助動詞、情態(tài)動詞等)放到主語前，或把句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)成分提前。例：rightnow,shewouldgetthereonSunday.A)WouldsheleaveB)ifsheleaveC)wereshetoleaveD)Ifshehadleft結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，全句的意思是：“如果她立刻就走，她就能在星期天到達(dá)那里”。答案是Co2) 以否定詞開頭的句子要求部分倒裝。注意下列句子中助動詞或情態(tài)動詞提前、甚至補(bǔ)充助動詞的用法：例：NotuntilyesterdaydidlittleJohnchangehismind.(小約翰直到昨天才改變了主意。)例:InnocountryBritain

50、,ithadbeensaid,canoneexperiencefourseasonsinthecourseofasingleday.A)betterthanB)morethanC)otherthanD)ratherthan本題是個倒裝句，答案是C)otherthan。nootherthan意思是“正是、就是”；而ratherthan的意思是“寧愿而不；而不是”。3) 以否定副詞開頭并加狀語的句子要求部分倒裝。這些否定副詞有barely,hardly,little,seldom,scarcelywhen,never,nosoonerthan,rarely,nomore,nornearly,not

51、only等以及only。例：Onlyunderspecialcircumstancestotakemake-uptests.A）arefreshmenpermittedC）permittedarefreshmenB）freshmenarepermittedD）arepermittedfreshmen全句的意思是：“一年級學(xué)生只有在特殊的情況下才可以允許補(bǔ)考?！北娟愂鼍湟詏nly開始，后面接狀語，應(yīng)當(dāng)用部分倒裝句。所以答案是A）arefreshmenpermitted。如用自然語序，本題所在的句子就應(yīng)該改寫為：Freshmenarepermittedtotakemake-uptestsonlyu

52、nderspecialcircumstances.這兩句話的差另U是，前者將onlyunderspecialcircumstances放到句首，表示對狀語的強(qiáng)調(diào)。注意：在部分倒裝句中，只有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或連系動詞tobe可以置于主語之前，其它部分都要置于主語之后。a）如果含有從句時，只要求主句倒裝：例:Onlyafterhehadspokenouttheworddidherealizehehadmadeabigmistake.（只有當(dāng)他已經(jīng)說出那個字后才意識到自己犯了個大錯誤。）b）如果上述否定副詞出現(xiàn)在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的前半部分，不用倒裝：例:Itwasnotuntilhewentabroadt

53、hatheknowthetruthofthefact.（直到他出國以后才了解到事實(shí)真相。）c）如果hardly,scarcely后面接的是any,ever,atall時，意義類似almostno/not/never（幾乎不、從不），則無須倒裝。例:Hardlyanypeoplehavingbeeninvitedwentthere.（幾乎沒有什么受到邀請的人去那里了。）4）由nomatterhow,however和how引導(dǎo)的狀語從句要求部分倒裝，因?yàn)樾稳菰~或副詞通常緊跟在這三個引導(dǎo)詞后面，然后才是主語和謂語，形成形式上的部分倒裝句：例:Iknownothingaboutthisriver,ne

54、itherhowlong,howwidenorhowdeepitis.（我一點(diǎn)也不了解這條河，不知道它有多長，多寬或多深。Readingprehensionquestions1. Thepassagemainlytellsabout.A. atightlysealedportableglasscontainerB. thedifficultiesofkeepingplantsaliveduringvoyagesC. SirJosephBanksD. plantexplorationinthe18thand19thcenturies2. Whywasthesecondhalfofthe19thc

55、enturyaveryimportantperiodofplantexploration?A. Becausethemissionariesgottoknowhowtocollectspecimens.B. BecausemanyCatholicmissionariesweresenttoChinaandbroughtbackhugeplantcollections.C. Becauseatightlysealedportableglasscontainerwasinventedthen.D. SirJosephBanksacpaniedJamesCookonhisvoyage.3. What

56、doestheword“fluency”meaninthe7thsentence?A. goodmasteryofthelanguageknowledgeB. skillfulnessinspeakingorwritingC. thestateofbeingcognitivelyskillfulD. thequalityofbeingpoorinspeechandwriting4. WhowasabletocollectseedsoftheDoveTreetehn?A. FatherFargesB. NathanielWardC. EHWilsonD. JosephBanks(key:DBBC

57、)相關(guān)高考鏈接高考復(fù)習(xí)專題一一帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞請看課文第一段中的Collecting''exotic”plants,astheyarecalleddatesbacktotheearliesttimes.和第七段中的ABritishmancalledRobertFortunewasoneoftheearliestplantcollectorstouseWardiancases.這兩句都含有一個能帶雙賓語的動詞call。今天我們討論此類動詞。在英語中，有些動詞接了一個賓語后句子意思仍不完整，還需要再加上一個詞或短語放在賓語之后來補(bǔ)充說明其身份、特征、狀態(tài)或所做的動作，這類動詞就是所

58、謂“帶復(fù)合賓語動詞”一、賓語+名詞：常用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：call,name,make,find,choose,think,leave等。例如：1. WecallhimJack.我們叫他杰克。2. TheymadeLiLeitheirmonitor.他們選李磊當(dāng)班長。二、賓語+形容詞：常見的動詞有:think,believe,leave,drive,make,keep,turn,wish,want等。例如：1. Doyouthinkhisideawrong?你認(rèn)為他的意見錯了嗎？2. Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.我們必須保持教室清潔。三、賓語+副詞：副詞作賓補(bǔ)常表示賓語的狀態(tài)，與賓語有邏輯上的主表關(guān)系。常見的副詞有：down,up,here,there,home,in,out,anywhere等。例如：1. Lethimin(out).讓他進(jìn)來(出去)。2. Mr.Lidroveushome.李先生開車送我們回家。3. H