動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)教學(xué)材料

1、 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)英語(yǔ)中不同時(shí)間和方式發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)要用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的不同形式來(lái)表示，這種表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生時(shí)間和方式的動(dòng)詞形式稱作動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)間主要有四個(gè)主要部分，即現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)和過(guò)去將來(lái)。動(dòng)作方面也有四種，即一般、完成、進(jìn)行和完成進(jìn)行。把這些時(shí)間和動(dòng)作方面結(jié)合在一起就構(gòu)成16種動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，具體表述如下：1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（do, does, be)；2、一般過(guò)去時(shí)(did, was /were)；3、一般將來(lái)時(shí)( will do)；4、一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)( would do)；5、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)( be doing)；6、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/were doing) 7、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)( will be

2、doing)；8、過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)( would be doing)；9、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done)；10、過(guò)去完成時(shí)( had done)；11、將來(lái)完成時(shí)( will have done)；12、過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)(would have done)；13、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)( have been doing)；14、過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)( had been doing)；15、將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)( will have been doing)；16、過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(would have been doing)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)（一）1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示真理或事實(shí)：The earth moves ro

3、und the sun in 365 days.地球一年三百六十五天都圍繞太陽(yáng)公轉(zhuǎn)。2)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)：Every evening, after supper, he sits down with a cup of coffee before the television.每天晚上在吃完晚飯之后，他都會(huì)端著杯咖啡坐在那里看電視。Their house is not like ours.他們的房子和我們的不一樣。 3)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或時(shí)間表將要發(fā)生的情況When does the train leave?火車什么時(shí)候開(kāi)？2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)*一般過(guò)去時(shí)的

4、基本用法：1)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。When and where did you shoot that bear?你是何時(shí)何地射殺那頭熊的？   2)表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的事。In those days he took his wife and children to the cinema at least once a week.在那些日子里，他至少每周一次領(lǐng)著妻子和孩子去看電影。3)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的其它情況：1)過(guò)去時(shí)的句子通常帶有表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的特定時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的副詞有：yesterday, last

5、year, last night, the other day, just now, then, ago, in 1989, at that time等。   2)句中沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可依據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行推測(cè)。Havent you graduated from college?Yes, I studied French for two years.你還沒(méi)有大學(xué)畢業(yè)么？畢業(yè)了，我學(xué)了兩年法語(yǔ)。3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：Tom, Im speaking to you. Are you listening?湯姆，我正在和你講話呢。你正在聽(tīng)嗎？ 2)表示目前

6、這個(gè)階段正在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作：The population of the world is increasing rapidly.世界人口正在飛速增長(zhǎng)。 3)表示說(shuō)話人的某些感情色彩，常與always，constantly等連用：She is always leaving things about.她總是把東西到處亂丟亂放。 4)表示近期即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：They are leaving for Tibet next Monday.他們下周一去西藏。4.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：She was flying to Paris this time last Mo

7、nday.上周一的這個(gè)時(shí)候，她正坐飛機(jī)飛往巴黎。 2)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作（突然）發(fā)生：We were playing football when it began to rain.當(dāng)我們正在踢球的時(shí)候，突然下起了雨。5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀況或完成的動(dòng)作。It has rained every day so far this month.這個(gè)月到目前為止每天都在下雨。 2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示已有的經(jīng)歷，往往強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響：Who has taken my camera? I put it here a momen

8、t ago.誰(shuí)拿了我的照相機(jī)？我剛放在這里的。 3)在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)：Dont go out until you have washed your clothes.洗完衣服你才能出去。Please give the book to Lily if you have finished reading it.看完書(shū)之后，把它給麗麗。 4)通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的詞語(yǔ)：yet, already, by this time, just, ever, never, now, before,  several times, since, up to now,

9、 so far, recently, lately, for a long time。 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)（二）1過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一活動(dòng)以前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作。簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)所表示的時(shí)間就是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。常與for, since, already, after, never, before, by the time等連用。如：The performance had started before we found our seats.在我們找到座位前演出就已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。She had typed all the letters by the time her boss arrived

10、at the office.在老板到達(dá)辦公室的時(shí)候她已經(jīng)打好了所有的信件。過(guò)去完成時(shí)還可以表示動(dòng)作或某事繼續(xù)到過(guò)去某時(shí)已有一段時(shí)間：He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital.他病了好幾天后才去醫(yī)院。It rained at last after it had been dry for several months.連續(xù)干旱幾個(gè)月后，終于下雨了。By the end of last year, she had taught in this school for 30 years.截至到去年年底，她已經(jīng)在這個(gè)學(xué)校執(zhí)教了3

11、0年。過(guò)去完成時(shí)也可表示過(guò)去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望或計(jì)劃，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。常用的動(dòng)詞有：hope, expect, suppose, mean, think, want等。如：She had thought of paying us a visit, but the bad weather made her change her plans.她本想來(lái)拜訪我們，但由于天氣惡劣使她改變了計(jì)劃。2.一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)可以由以下方式構(gòu)成：表示單純將來(lái)，第一人稱用shall，第二、三人稱用will。I shall be 18 years old next month.下個(gè)月我就整18歲了。There will b

12、e a new movie shown at the Globe Cinema tonight.今晚環(huán)球影院將上映一部新電影。注：如果不是表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間，而是表示“意愿、堅(jiān)持、推論”等，will也可用于條件句。例如：  If you will learn English , Ill help you .你若愿意學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)，我將幫助你。   If you will kindly wait a moment , Ill ask him to go there with you .你若耐心等一會(huì)的話，我將叫他和你一起去那兒。 如果條件從句表示

13、將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，主句中常用will，而條件從句中則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示。如：   If you go to England , you will like the food there .如果你去英國(guó)的話，你將會(huì)喜歡那兒的食物。be going to do表示現(xiàn)在計(jì)劃好將來(lái)要做的事或?qū)?lái)可能發(fā)生的事。Im going to stay here until tomorrow night.明晚之前我都在這里。Look at these black clouds . Its going to rain . 看這些烏云。天快要下雨了。 2)Im afraid

14、Im going to have a bad cold .恐怕我要得重感冒。注：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，“意圖”是事先經(jīng)過(guò)考慮的，用be going to表示；反之則用will。will還多用于對(duì)話中，即一方聽(tīng)了對(duì)方的話后所作出的反應(yīng)。例如：     Please bring me a cup of tea . 請(qǐng)給我端杯茶來(lái)。 Ill do it in a minute . 我馬上就去（端）。1)be動(dòng)詞和come, leave, reach, return, go, start out, meet, open, die, arrive等表示“來(lái)

15、去”“出發(fā)”“到達(dá)”等的詞語(yǔ)和表示未來(lái)的時(shí)間副詞連用，表示近期將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。When will they leave? 他們什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)？They are leaving very soon.馬上。Aunt Lucy is returning home from New Zealand next week.露西阿姨下周將從新西蘭回來(lái)。2)be about to表示很近的將來(lái)，“就要”“即將”。The plane is about to take off when the police received a phone call, saying that a bomb might have be

16、en planted on it.飛機(jī)就要起飛的時(shí)候警方接到電話，說(shuō)飛機(jī)上可能被人安放了炸彈。3)be to do表示預(yù)先的計(jì)劃    這種結(jié)構(gòu)著重指按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生某事。常表示“職責(zé)、意圖、約定、可能性”等。例如： You are to be back by 11 oclock . 你必須11點(diǎn)回來(lái)。 We are to meet at the zoo . 我們約定在動(dòng)物園見(jiàn)面。  The football match is not to be played today .  今天不能舉行足球比賽了。Is h

17、e studying for an examination?他是在為考試而復(fù)習(xí)嗎？Yes, hes to take it next week.是，他下周有個(gè)考試。4)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可表示按時(shí)刻表或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。The time form Liverpool arrives at 11: 15.從利物浦開(kāi)往這里的火車將在11點(diǎn)15分到站。3.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事或計(jì)劃、打算要做的事：He told me that his father was in hospital and that he would go to see him after work.他告訴我他將在

18、下班后去看望住院的父親。They explained that they would build a dam to control flood.他們解釋說(shuō)要建一座水壩來(lái)控制洪水。4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)起持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相比，更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行，或?qū)⒊掷m(xù)下去。常與the whole day, all morning等或for和since引出的短語(yǔ)連用：The soldiers have been struggling against the flood day and night for a week.戰(zhàn)士們?nèi)找岳^夜地和洪水抗戰(zhàn)已經(jīng)一個(gè)星期了。5.過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某

19、時(shí)起持續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，可能剛剛終止，也可能繼續(xù)下去。與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用法相似，只是以過(guò)去時(shí)間為著眼點(diǎn)。He had been working there for three years before he moved to London.                             

20、60;                  在他搬到倫敦之前他在那里工作了三年。練習(xí)（一）1. Bob must be very wealthy.Yes, he _ more in one day than I do in a week.A. has earned B. had earned    C. earns D. is earning2. The plane for Glasgow _ at

21、 10:05 on Tuesday morning.A. is leaving B. has left   C. leaves D. was leaving3. Justin _ rock music to classical.A. preferred B. was preferring C. has preferred D. is preferring4. That dinner was the most expensive meal we _.A. would have B. have had    C. have never had D.

22、 had ever had5. I _ all day today and I _ rather tired now.A. have worked; am B. worked; am C. have worked; have been D. worked; was6. I _ to Las Vegas before you _ back next week.A. am going; come B. shall go; come C. am going; will come D. shall go; will come7. He _ in Italy when he _ the accident

23、.A. traveled; had B. was travelling; had  C. traveled; was having D. has traveled; has8. Susan _ to her grandmothers village for her summer holidays when she _ young.A. used to go; was B. went; used to be  C. has gone; is D. used to go; was9. Did you wait for him very long? Yes, I _ to bed

24、 until five in the morning.A. did go B. didnt go    C. had gone D. went10. He ran out crying as soon as I _ him the bad news.A. told B. tell   C. have told   D. had told11. Ten years have passed since we last _ in London.A. meet B. have met    C. met . ha

25、d met12. Havent you graduated from college? Yes, _.A. I study French for two years   B. I studied French for two yearsC. I am studying French for two years  D. I have studied French for two years13. We havent heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose _ to her?A. was happenin

26、g B. to happen   C. has happened D. had happened14. She _ the baby to see if hes got a temperature.A. feels B. is feeling      C. has felt D. felt15. Why _ the milk? Has it gone off?A. are you smelling B. do you smell  C. did you smell D. have you smelled練習(xí)：(二

27、)1._ my brother several times today but his line was always busy.A.Id phone B.Ive phoned C.I was phoning D.Ive been phoning2._ that dress when I first saw you at the airport?A.Have you worn B.Were you wearing C.Did you wear D.Do you wear3.Standing in front of him was a man that she _ before.A.never

28、saw B.has never seen C.never sees D.had never seen4.All the color TV sets _ out before we arrived.A.are sold B.have been sold C.will be sold D.had been sold5.Why dont you put the milk in the fridge? It _ fresh for a while.A.will be staying B.will stay  C.stays D.has stayed6.I _ you not to move

29、my dictionarynow I cant find it!A.asked B.was asking C.ask D.had asked7.According to the art dealer, the paining _ to go for at least a million dollars.A.is expecting B.expects  C.expecte   D.is expected8.At this time tomorrow _ over the Pacific Ocean.A.were going to fly B.well be fly

30、ing C.were to fly D.well fly9.In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _.A.would survive B.will survive C.are surviving D.are to survive10.A new hospital _ in the village.They hope to finish it next month.A.will be built B.is built C.has been built D.is being built11.The poli

31、ce _ for the thief everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A.searched B.have searched C.were searching D.are searching12.Tom _ football with other boys when he should have been doing his homework.That is      why his mother scolded him.A.played B.was playing C.had been playing D.had played13.Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits.A.will request B.are requesting C.requested D.are requested14.What time _ the next train _ for London?