現(xiàn)在完成時講解和練習有答案

1、現(xiàn)在完成時講解和練習 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的構成: havehas+過去分詞 (過去分詞的構成有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化)2. 現(xiàn)在完成時的四個基本句型肯定句 He has finished the work. 一般疑問句 Has he finished the work? 回答 Yes ,he has. No, he hasnt.否定句 He has not finished the work. 特殊疑問句 What has he done? 3.現(xiàn)在完成時的用法:A表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，強調對現(xiàn)在造成的影想或結果）。例如：  The car

2、0;has arrived. 車子來了。（結果：車子已在門口）  Someone has broken the window.有人把窗戶打破了。（結果：窗戶仍破著） B. 表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內）的一段時間的狀語連用,如for+時間段、since+過去的時間點、疑問詞how long等。例如： My uncle has worked at this fac

3、tory for five years.  我叔叔在這個工廠工作已經(jīng)五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自從2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中國。  How long have you been here? 你來這里多久了？ 4. 在下列情形下用現(xiàn)在完成時(1)九詞語already已經(jīng)

4、肯定句中或句尾 e.g.: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.yet已經(jīng) 否定句和疑問句句尾 e.g.：I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet?ever曾經(jīng) 句中 e.g.： Have you ever seen pandas?never從不 句中 e.g.：I have never been to Beijing.just剛剛 句中 e.g.：I have just done my work.before以前 句尾 e.

5、g.：I have never been there before.so far到目前為止 e.g.：So far he has learnt 200 words.how long多久 e.g.：How long have you lived here?how many times多少次 e.g.：How many times has he been to Beijing? (2)兩結構for two monthsfor +一段時間 Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last yearsince +過去點時間Lucy has been in Beiji

6、ng since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he came heresince +過去時態(tài)句子He has been in China since he came here.(3)三詞組1.have<has>gone to去了某地 表示“已經(jīng)去了某地，在去那里的途中或到達那里還沒有回來”e.g.：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)2.have<has>been to去過某地 表示“曾去過某地，已經(jīng)從那里回來了”e.g.：He has been to Beijing. (去過北京)3.

7、have<has>been in 表示“在某地呆多長時間”，常與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如：since, for, how long e.g.: Mr. Brown has been in Beijing for three days.  布朗先生來北京已經(jīng)有三天了 4.如果句子里面沒有時間狀語，漢語意思能夠加“已經(jīng)”，往往用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。 e.g.：Have you lost your library book?

8、 你已經(jīng)弄丟了從圖書館借的那本書嗎？5.現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)還常常用于下列句型 They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在過去的幾年，他們已經(jīng)種了很多樹。 This is the best book I have ever read. 這是我曾經(jīng)讀過的最好的一本書。 It is the first time I have played the computer games. 這是我第一次玩電腦游戲。6.在現(xiàn)在完成時中，瞬間動詞不能和一段時間狀語連用 e.g.：He has bought the book for 3 years.（錯）因b

9、uy這個一次性動詞不能和一段時間for 3 years連用, 改正的辦法有五種： He has bought the book. (去掉一段時間for 3 years) He bought the book 3 years ago (改為一般過去時，使句子的意思不變) Its 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book. （改為固定句型 It is -since-） He has not bought the book for 3 years.（改為否定句） He has had

10、 the book for 3 years. （用延續(xù)性動詞have代替buy）7. 還有其他瞬間動詞也是這種情況，可參照前面的五種辦法改正，前四種改法都一樣，第五種改法各不相同，舉例如下：come/arrive/get to/reach be here e.g：I have come here for 3 years.（錯） 改為：I have been here for 3 years.leave/go be away e.g.：He has left for 3 hours.（錯） 改為：He has been away for 3 hours.begin/start be on e.g

11、.：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（錯） 改為：The film has been on for 3 minutes.open be open / close be closed e.g.：The shop has opened for 3 years.(錯) 改為：The shop has been open for 3 years.die be dead e.g.：His father has died for 3 years.(錯) 改為：His father has been dead for 3 years.finish/end be over 例

12、：He has finished the work for 3 days.(錯) 改為：The work has been over for 3 daysjoin 例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（錯） 改為：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.buy /catch have e.g.：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（錯） 改為：I have had the bike for 3 years. He has

13、 caught a cold for 3 days.（錯） 改為：He has had a cold for 3 days.borrow keep e.g：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （錯） 改為：I have kept the book for 3 years.還有其它的歸納如下：leave - be away       borrow - keep      buy

14、 - have    die - be dead      begin/start - be on      finish - be over      fall ill -be ill get up-be u

15、p      catch a cold - have a cold     put on- wear  come/become/go - be here      fall asleep - be asleep  get to/ 

16、arrive/reach - be (in)         get to know - know    join-be a member of .  (成為的一員)     open -be open close -be close break b

17、e broken get up be up marry be married become be lose be lost 8.現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)與一般過去時態(tài)的區(qū)別  1一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調的是影響。 I saw this film yesterday.（強調動作發(fā)生的時間是yesterday 。） I have seen this film.（強調對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內

18、容已經(jīng)知道了。） 2一般過去時和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：ago, last week/. In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday,  yesterday . Then(那時),that day, one day, once(從前)  一、寫出以下常用瞬間動詞的相應延續(xù)性動詞：1. have

19、arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.have been in sw./at2. have come/gone back/returned _3. have come/gone out _4. have become _5.haveclosed / opened_ 6. have got up _ ；7. have died _；8. have left sw. _9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep _ ；10. have finished/ended/completed _；11

20、. have married _； 二、用正確的時間表達詞匯填空Have you done your homework _? (for, just, yet)I have _ been to Guangdong. (for, never, yet)rHe has worked there _ he left school. (already, yet. Since, for)She has known Sam _ 9 years. (already, yet. Since, for)Have you _ ridden a horse? (ever, for, yet)三、用for或since填

21、空1.My family has owned a ship _ 1920.2.My family has owned a ship _ many years.3.I have had a cold _ last Monday. 4.I have had a cold _ 5 days ago. 5.I have had a cold _ 5 days. 四、用所給動詞的適當形式填空1. - I _ (see) the film “Chicken Run”.- Where and when _ you _ (see) it? - Last week. 2. Mary _ already _ (h

22、ave) her supper. 3. I _ (not want) to see the film. I _ (see) it with my parents. We _ (see) it last Sunday. 4. -_ Uncle Wang _ (mend) the TV yet? -Yes, he_. -When _ he _ it? - Yesterday. 5. _ you _ (read) todays newspaper yet? 6. They _already_(do) their homework. But they dont know what_ (do) next

23、. 7. -_ you _ (see) the film last night? -No, I _ (see) it for several times. 8. She _ (be) ill for three days. 9. My father _ (buy) a book for me yesterday. He_ already _(pay) fifty yuan for it.10. She_ (not read) this book before. 11. _ you ever _ (travel) on a train before? 12. - _ Wei Hua _ (com

24、e) yet? -Yes. She_ (come) already. She _ (come) just now. 13. -How long _ you _(learn) English? -For more than two years. 14. They _ (live) in China since they _ (move) to China.15. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 16. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 17. How long _ the

25、 Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks. 18. They _ (not arrive) yet. 19. When I was in primary school, my mother _ (drive) me to school everyday. 20. He _ (live) here since he _ (move) to Hankou. 五、 單項選擇 1、Both  his  parents  look  sad . Maybe  they  _what's 

26、 happened  to  him.     A.  knew    B.  have known    C.  must know     D.will know2、He  has  _ been  to  Shanghai， has  he ？    A.  already    B.neve

27、r    C.ever     D. still3、Have  you  met  Mr  Li _？    A.  just    B.  ago        C.before       D.  a moment ago4、The famous writer _

28、one new book in the past two year.    A. is  writing    B.was  writing        C.wrote       D.has  written5、Our country  _ a lot so far. Yes. I hope it will be even _.   

29、 A. has  changed ； well      B.  changed ； good    C. has  changed ； better     D.  changed ； better6、Zhao Lan _already  _in this school for two years.    A. was ； studying    

30、0;   B. will ； study     C. has ； studied          D. are ； studying7、We _ Xiao  Li  since  she  was  a  little  girl.    A. know      B.  had  k

31、nown      C. have  known      D.  knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice.    A.  will  see     B.  have  seen        C.  saw &#

32、160;          D.see9、These  farmers  have  been  to  the  United  States. Really ？ When _  there ？    A. will  they  go        B.  did  they 

33、; go C.  do  they  go        D.  have  they  gone10、_ you _ your  homework  yet？ Yes . I _  it  a  moment  ago.    A.  Did； do； finished        B.

34、0; Have； done； finished    C.  Have； done； have  finished          D.  will； do； finish11、 His  father  _ the  Party  since  1978.    A.  joined    B.  has join

35、ed     C.  was in     D.  has  been  in12、Do you know him well ？  Sure. We _ friends since ten years ago.    A.  were    B. have been       C. have become  

36、0;   D. have made13、How long have you  _ here？About two months.    A.  been     B.  gone           C.  come          D.  arrived14、Hurr

37、y  up！ The  play _ for  ten  minutes.    A.  has  begun          B.  had  begun C.  has  been  on        D.  began15、 It  _ ten  years&

38、#160; since  he  left  the  army.     A.  is          B.  has            C.  will           D. 

39、 was16、 Miss  Green  isn't  in  the  office . she_  to  the  library.    A.has  gone     B. went        C.will  go          D. 

40、; has  been17、My  parents _  Shandong  for  ten  years.    A.  have  been  in        B. have  been  to     C.  have  gone  to      

41、0;  D. have  been18、The students have cleaned the classroom，_？    A. so they      B. dont they     C. have they     D. havent they19、_has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to China？  

42、  A. How soon， comes           B. How often， got    C. How long， came       D. How far， arrived20、 His uncle _ for more than 9 years.    A. has come here     &#

43、160;   B. has started to work    C. has lived there      D. has left the university六、 句型轉換。    1、Hes never been late， _ _ _？（改成反意疑問句）    2、They have been here since 2000.  （對劃線部分提問）    _ _have they be

44、en here？    3、The old man _ last year. He _ _for a year. （die）（動詞填空）     4、Miss Gao left an hour ago.  （同義句轉換）    Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.    5、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句）   

45、Her  mother _ the  Party  three  years  _ .    6、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.  =_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.    7、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （把兩個句子合并成一個句子）  

46、60; _  七、漢譯英。    1、吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。_    2、他昨天收到一封信。_    3、我父親以前到過長城。_    4、她還沒有看過那部新電影。_    5、她去過上海。_    6、他這些天上哪兒去了？_參考答案： 一、1. have been in sw./at相應的介詞2. have been back3. have been out4. have be

47、en5. have been closed/open6. have been up7. have been dead8. have been away from sw.9. have been asleep10. have been over11. have been married二、1. yet2. never3. since4. for5. ever三、1. since2. for3. Since 4. Since5. For四、1. Have seen, Did see2. Has had3. Dont want, have seen, saw4. Has mended, has. d

48、id mend5. Have read6. Have done ,to do7. Did see ,have seen8. Has been9. Bought ,has paid10. Hasnt read11. Have travelled 12. Has come ,has come, came13. Has lived ,moved14. Have lived, moved 15. have seen,saw16. have made 17. Have stayed18. Havent arrived19. Drove20. Have learned五、單項選擇。  

49、  1、現(xiàn)在完成時主要強調過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或將來，重點在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是B.    2、現(xiàn)在完成時常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故2應選B.    3、C    4、現(xiàn)在完成時常與recently（近來），so  far（到目前為止），in  the  past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時間”等時間狀語連用。因為上述短語表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時間，句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4應選D.    5、C    6、現(xiàn)在完成時時常與“for +時間段或since +過去時間點”連用（含從句，從句過去時）。故6應選C.    7、C    8、現(xiàn)在完成時還與once（一次），t