不定式的用法

1、非謂語(yǔ)不定式（不定式（to do)分詞分詞動(dòng)名詞（動(dòng)名詞（-ing)過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞(-ed)現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing)- ing分詞分詞-ed分詞分詞不定式的句法功能：不定式的句法功能： 1）作主語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ) 2）作賓語(yǔ)）作賓語(yǔ) 3）作表語(yǔ)）作表語(yǔ) 4）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 5）作定語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ) 6）作狀語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ) 7）作插入語(yǔ)）作插入語(yǔ) 8）作同位語(yǔ)）作同位語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)式主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式一般式一般式to do to be done完成式完成式to have doneto have been done進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式to be doing完成進(jìn)行完成進(jìn)

2、行式式to have been doing其否定形式是在不定符號(hào)前加其否定形式是在不定符號(hào)前加not不定式不定式(to do)的用法的用法: 1,可作主語(yǔ)可作主語(yǔ)To lose heart means failure.1)不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，把作主當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，把作主語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)后置。語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)后置。It is adj/n to do sthIt is adj of /for sb to do sthIt takes sb some time to do sthIt took me only five minutes to finish the jo

3、b.It is very difficult for him to finish the paper in such a short time.It is considerate /kind of you to say so 與與of 連用的形容詞常反映人的品行和性連用的形容詞常反映人的品行和性格特征，最常用的有：格特征，最常用的有： brave careful careless nice good kind strange honest polite impolite stupid clever cruel foolish rude wise thoughtful considerate1.

4、When to go to visit that village has not been decided yet2. It was not easy to decide what to take and what to leave behind2) 疑問(wèn)詞+不定式 作主語(yǔ)1).如果主語(yǔ)是不定式（表示條件），表語(yǔ)也是不如果主語(yǔ)是不定式（表示條件），表語(yǔ)也是不定式（表示結(jié)果）。定式（表示結(jié)果）。(一致性一致性)To do two things at a time is to do neither 一次做兩件事等于未做。一次做兩件事等于未做。 To see is to believe. 百聞不如一

5、見(jiàn)。（眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)）百聞不如一見(jiàn)。（眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)）2)be to do 結(jié)構(gòu)表將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)表將來(lái)時(shí):He is to marry Rose.2,可作表語(yǔ)可作表語(yǔ) It remains _ whether John will be fit enough to play in the finalsA.Seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to seeB2.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not maki

6、ng D. do not make不定式作并列表語(yǔ)B3)如果主語(yǔ)是以如果主語(yǔ)是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等為中心的名詞，或以等為中心的名詞，或以what引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式作表語(yǔ)對(duì)主語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作名詞性從句，不定式作表語(yǔ)對(duì)主語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。用。His wish is to buy a car in the near future. 他的希望是在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)買一輛轎車。他的希望是在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)買一輛轎車。The most important thing is to take measu

7、res to prevent the pollution.最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染W(wǎng)hat she wants to do most now is to travel abroad.3,可作賓語(yǔ)可作賓語(yǔ)1)She refused to come here.后面用不定式作賓語(yǔ)即用后面用不定式作賓語(yǔ)即用v+ to do結(jié)構(gòu)的常用動(dòng)詞有結(jié)構(gòu)的常用動(dòng)詞有:afford（負(fù)擔(dān)得起）（負(fù)擔(dān)得起）,agree（同意）（同意）,appear（似乎，（似乎，顯得）顯得）,expect（期望）（期望）fail（不能）（不能）,happen（碰（碰巧）巧）,hope（希望）（希望

8、）,intend（想要，打算）（想要，打算）,learn（學(xué)習(xí)）（學(xué)習(xí)）,manage（設(shè)法）（設(shè)法）,plan（計(jì)（計(jì)劃）劃）,pretend（假裝）（假裝）promise（承諾，允（承諾，允許）許）,refuse（拒絕）（拒絕）,want（想要）（想要）wish（希望）（希望）decide/determine , wait 下面口訣幫你記憶：下面口訣幫你記憶： 決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。 主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃， 同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫decide/determine learn want expect /hope/wish ; refu

9、se manage care pretend, offer promise choose plan , agree ask/beg help.2)有些動(dòng)詞可以要求其后的不定式前面加一個(gè)連接有些動(dòng)詞可以要求其后的不定式前面加一個(gè)連接副（代）詞，一起充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。副（代）詞，一起充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。what，when，where，which，how，whether等，但不可以等，但不可以是是why。They are considering what to do next.Could you tell me whether to go for a picnic? 你能告訴我是否會(huì)去野餐嗎？你能告訴我是否會(huì)去野餐嗎

10、？My little sister is learning how to read and write. My mother showed me how to prepare meals. I wonder where to go. 我的小妹妹正在學(xué)習(xí)如何閱讀和書寫。我的小妹妹正在學(xué)習(xí)如何閱讀和書寫。母親向我演示了如何做飯。母親向我演示了如何做飯。我不知道去哪兒。我不知道去哪兒。3)還可用還可用it代替不定式作形式賓語(yǔ)代替不定式作形式賓語(yǔ)Find it +adj +to do sthI found it impossible to answer all the questions within

11、 the time given.我發(fā)現(xiàn)在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)答完所有的問(wèn)題是不可能的。我發(fā)現(xiàn)在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)答完所有的問(wèn)題是不可能的。The development of the modern beehive made it possible to design experiments to research the language of honey-bees。帶有形式賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞帶有形式賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞 有：有： consider believe feel think make find know regard.1. As a result of the serious flood, two-thi

12、rds of the buildings in the area_.A.need repairing B. need to repairC. needs repairing D. needs to repair A sth need/want/require doing sth need/want/require to be donebe worth doing be worthy of being donebe worthy to be done4,不定式可作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式可作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):(advise allow ask beg cause encourage expect forbid

13、 force get intend invite order persuade prefer require teach want wish call on)My teacher asked me to go there on time.We often hear her sing the song at home.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)不足語(yǔ)時(shí)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)不足語(yǔ)時(shí)to要省略的動(dòng)詞有要省略的動(dòng)詞有:5看看. look at ,see, notice, watch, observe, 等等 ;. 使使（役動(dòng)詞）（役動(dòng)詞） have , make , let;.聽聽(listen to, hear)

14、 .感覺(jué)感覺(jué)(feel) 但變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)但變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),必須加上必須加上toeg: someone was heard to come up the upstairs.-Can I smoke here ?-Sorry. We dont allow _ here. A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smokingDAllow/permit/forbid/advise sb to do sth ButAllow /permit/forbid/advise doing sthSmoking is forbidden here bu

15、t you are allowed to smoke.注意下列結(jié)構(gòu)中用不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，它們是sb be said /believed/known/reported/considered/found+不定式Eg:1) He is said to have gone abroad. 1（重慶）重慶）Leonardo da vinci _ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasures of setting them free.A.is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C.had sai

16、d to buy D. has said to have boughtB2.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu xiang, who was reported _ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. A. breaking B.having broken C. to have broken D. to break3.Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to_ since the flood hit the area

17、 last Friday. A.have been missing. B. have got lost C.be missing D. got lost CABell is said to have invented the first telephone1.-The last one _ pays the meal. -Agreed!A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arrivingC1)不定式修飾的名詞前有不定式修飾的名詞前有only，last，next，not a，序數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞(first,second,.)或形容詞最高級(jí)形式或形容詞最高級(jí)形式

18、時(shí)，不定式作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式作后置定語(yǔ),與其所修飾的名詞通常與其所修飾的名詞通常邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系。邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系。He was the last one to leave school yesterday. 昨天他是最后一個(gè)離開教室的。昨天他是最后一個(gè)離開教室的。Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone. 查理林德伯格是第一個(gè)獨(dú)自飛躍大西洋的人。查理林德伯格是第一個(gè)獨(dú)自飛躍大西洋的人。5,不定式可作定語(yǔ)不定式可作定語(yǔ):2)不定式與所修飾的名詞邏輯上構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式與所修飾的名詞邏輯上構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，該不定

19、式后面不能再帶賓語(yǔ)，如果不定式為不及該不定式后面不能再帶賓語(yǔ)，如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，則需保留介詞。物動(dòng)詞，則需保留介詞。She has a lot of work to do in the morning. 早上他有很多工作要做。早上他有很多工作要做。I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支筆寫字。（介詞我需要一支筆寫字。（介詞withwith不能省略）不能省略） 3)不定式做定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般修飾不定式做定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般修飾將要將要去做的事。去做的事。I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time

20、 to catch the last bus. 我?guī)缀鯖](méi)有時(shí)間去趕上末班車。我?guī)缀鯖](méi)有時(shí)間去趕上末班車。 明天要開的會(huì)議很重要明天要開的會(huì)議很重要The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.If the building project _ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined. A.being completed B. is completed C. to be completed D. completedC1.Mr Gre

21、en stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one_ .A.blamed. B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed C1)不定式可以用來(lái)做不定式可以用來(lái)做目的目的狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于用狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于用in order to，so as to引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)。Tim sat near the fire to get warm. 蒂姆為了取暖坐在火爐旁邊。蒂姆為了取暖坐在火爐旁邊。6,不定式可作狀語(yǔ)不定式可作狀語(yǔ):eg: He hurried to th

22、e station only _ that the train had left. A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found2)不定式可以用來(lái)做不定式可以用來(lái)做結(jié)果結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，常用狀語(yǔ)，常用enough to，sufficient to，only to，never to，so + 形容詞形容詞/副詞副詞 + as to引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。Would you be so kind as to step this way, please? 請(qǐng)您從這邊走好嗎？請(qǐng)您從這邊走好嗎？我要開門，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)門被里面鎖住了。我要開門，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)門被里面鎖住了。I tried

23、the door, only to find it locked inside.He is brave enough to go out alone at night1. He hurried to the booking office only_ that all the tickets had been sold out.A.to tell B. told C. telling D. to be told2.European Football is played in 8 0 countries, _ (make) it the most popular sport in the worl

24、d.Dmaking3.The storm left, causing much damage.Difference:3)不定式可作不定式可作原因原因狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ),常放在常放在表示表示心理心理感覺(jué)的形感覺(jué)的形容詞后容詞后I am happy to see you.She was sad to hear the bad news.4)不定式做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般為句子的主語(yǔ)。不定式做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般為句子的主語(yǔ)。In order to be a good scientist, one must understand mathematics. 要成為一個(gè)出色的科學(xué)家，必須懂?dāng)?shù)學(xué)。要成為一個(gè)出色的

25、科學(xué)家，必須懂?dāng)?shù)學(xué)。To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.5)不定式在句子中作為獨(dú)立成分： 如： to begin with to tell the truth to tell you the truth to be exact to be frank with you to make it short to make matters worseeg: To tell the truth, the film was a great disappointment to me 1.不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的用法：不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的用法： 1）在形容詞+不

26、定 式 結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其中形容詞多為表性質(zhì)的詞： eg: easy hard good difficult interesting I find the lecture difficult to understand.2) The passage is too hard to translate . The box is too heavy to carry 3) Do you have anything to say?4) The house is to let. Who is to blame for it ? The reason is not far to seek.道理很

27、顯然道理很顯然2.有些動(dòng)詞后跟不定式和動(dòng)名詞有區(qū)別：有些動(dòng)詞后跟不定式和動(dòng)名詞有區(qū)別：1.forget to do forget doing 2.remember to do remember doing3.stop to do stop doing 4.try 5.mean6.go on7.cant help to do cant help doing忘記去做某事 忘記已經(jīng)做過(guò)某事停下來(lái)去做另一件事停止做某事3.在在expect, hope , intend , mean, plan, suppose want , would like to (would love to )等動(dòng)詞后如果動(dòng)詞

28、用過(guò)去式，等動(dòng)詞后如果動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式， 后跟動(dòng)詞不定式的完成后跟動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式，式， 表示原來(lái)想做而未做的事表示原來(lái)想做而未做的事eg: They planned to have got married last yearI intended to have attended that meeting I had intended to attend that meetingPractice: 1.AIDS is said _ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few y

29、ears. A. that it is B. to be C.that it has been D. to have been2.In a room above the store, where a party _ ,Some workers were busily setting the table. A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being heldDA3.After he became conscious, he remembered_ and _ on the head with a rod. A. to attack, hit B. to be attacked, to be hit C. attacking, be hit D. having been attacked, hit4.He hurried to the station only_ that the train had left. A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found5.Lydia really