現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)講解及練習(xí)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)講解及練習(xí)一、現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成肯定句： 主語 +have/ has + done (過去分詞 )+其它He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years.一般疑問句： Have/ Has +主語 + done (過去分詞 )+其它Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years?否定句 : 主語 +have/ has+ not + done (過去分詞 )+其它 He has not finished his homework.過去分詞的構(gòu)成方法如下:1.一般情況下，直接在動詞原形后面加ed.work-workedanswer-answ

2、ered obey-obeyedwant-wanted2.以不發(fā)音的 -e 結(jié)尾的動詞只加d.Move-movedhope-hoped divide-divided3.字尾是輔音 +y 的動詞。則將 y 改 i加 ed.study-studiedtidy-tidied satisfy-satisfied4.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，這些詞的末尾只有一個輔音字母時，雙寫這個輔音字母，再加ed.stop-stoppedregret- regretted drop-dropped不規(guī)則動詞過去式與過去分詞分類記憶表一、 AAA. （原形，過去式和過去分詞一致）1.花費costcostcost2.割cut

3、cutcut3.傷害hurthurthurt4.讓letletlet5.放putputput6.朗讀readreadread7.設(shè)置setsetset8.打擊，碰撞hithithit9.關(guān)上門窗shutshutshut10.讓letletlet二、 ABB（過去式和過去分詞一致）1) 過去式、過去分詞含有 -ought1.帶來bringbroughbroughtt2.買buyboughtbought3.打架fightfoughtfought4.想thinkthoughthoughtt5.尋 找 、seeksoughtsought探究2) 過去式、過去分詞含有 -aught5.抓住catchca

4、ughtcaught6.教teachtaughttaught3) 過去式、過去分詞 -t 替換原形 -d7.建筑buildbuiltbuilt8.借出lendlentlent9.花費spendspentspent10.派遣sendsentsent4)過去式、過去分詞在原形詞尾加t 或 d11學(xué)會learnlearnt/elearnt/ed.d12意思meanmeantmeant.13燃燒burnburnt/edburnted.13做夢dreamdreamt/edreamt/ed.d13處理dealdealtdealt.14聽hearheardheard.5） 過去式、過去分詞改為-ept15.

5、保持keepkeptkept16.睡覺sleepsleptslept17.掃sweepsweptswept6） 過去式、過去分詞改為-elt3.跑runranrun18.感覺feelfeltfel四、 ABC （原形、過去式、過去分詞各不一樣）19.嗅smellsmelt/smelt/ed1).過去分詞在過去式或原形后加 -n或 -ened20.拼寫spellspelt/spelt/eded1.擊敗beatbeatbeaten7)過去式、過去分詞改為-aid2.破壞breakbrokebroken20.孵蛋l(fā)aylaidlaid3.駕駛drivedrovedriven21.說saysaidsa

6、id4.吃eatateeaten22.支付paypaidpaid5.落下fallfellfallen8)過去式、過去分詞改為-old6.給givegavegiven23.賣sellsoldsold7.生長growgrewgrown24.告訴telltoldtold8.知道knowknewknown9)過去式、過去分詞改為-ood9.吹blowblewblown25站standstoodstood10.扔throwthrewthrown26明understanunderstoodunderstood11.展示showshowedshown12.弄錯mistakmistoomistake.白dek

7、n10)其它變化13.拿taketooktaken14.搖動shakeshookshaken27.得到getgotgot(gotten)15.說speakspokespoken28.坐sitsatsat16.選擇choosechosechosen29.照顧babysitbabysatbabysat30.離開leaveleftleft2) 三種形式都有變化31.失去loselostlost1是be(is,was;been32.找到findfoundfoundam; are)were33.有have(hashadhad2開始beginbeganbegun)3做dodidDone34.握住，hold

8、heldheld4喝drinkdrankdrunk召開5飛flyflewflown35.制造makemademade6忘記forgetforgotforgot/forgotten36.懸掛hanghunghung7躺lielaylain37.照耀shineshoneshone8騎rideroderidden39.贏winwonwon9打 電ringrangrung40 逃跑fleefledfled話41 喂feedfedfed10唱singsangsung42.引導(dǎo)，leadledled11穿wearworeworn導(dǎo)致12游泳swimswanswum43 遇見meetmetmet13寫wri

9、tewrotewritten三、 ABA （過去式與原形一致）14去gowentgone1.變成becamebecomebecome2.來comecamecome二、現(xiàn)在完成時標(biāo)志詞：recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+時間段；in the past few years; ever since; inthe last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just

10、already (已經(jīng) ): 用于肯定句I have already posted the letter .yet(已經(jīng) ): 用于否定句 ,疑問句He hasn t done his homework yet.just(剛剛 )They have just left.ever(曾經(jīng) )Have you ever been to Beijing ?never(從不 )I have never seen him .before(以前 )Have you seen the film before?since(自從 以來 )I ve worked in the school since1999.fo

11、r(長達(dá) )He s lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.in the past several days / weeks/ years(在過去的 )recently(最近 )I have not written to my parents recently.so far(到目前為止 )So far she has learned 5 English songs.up to now(到目前為止 )this morning/month/year(今天早上 /這個月 /今年 )三、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法1) 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作 , 并對現(xiàn)在有影響。常與 already(

12、 已經(jīng) ), yet( 已經(jīng) ), just( 剛剛 ),ever( 曾經(jīng) ) 等詞連用 .Already ， yet 的用法already:常用于肯定句中 . yet:常用于否定句 , 疑問句尾 .Someone has broken the window. 窗(戶現(xiàn)在是壞的 )I have already lost the key.(我現(xiàn)在沒有鑰匙 )I haven t read that booket .y(不了解書的內(nèi)容 )I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干凈的 )3) 現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與for, since引導(dǎo)的時間

13、短語或從句連用.since , for 的用法 :since: (自 以來 )1)since+時間點He has stayed here since 5o clock.2)since+ 時間段 + agoHe has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3)since+ 從句for: ( 長達(dá)）for+ 時間段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.She has learned English for 5 years.He has lived in Beijing since he was born .Have you stayed here

14、 since 3 o clock?四、 have/has been to; have/has gone to; have/has been in have /has been to 曾經(jīng)去過某地，人已經(jīng)回來了 have /has gone to 去了某地，人還沒回來have /has been in 去了某地并一直待在那1.我去過上海。I have been to Shanghai twice.2.-Where is Jim？ -He has gone to England（尚未回來）3. I have been in Shanghai for three years我到上海已有三年了。1、現(xiàn)

15、在完成時的" 完成用法 "現(xiàn)在完成時的 "完成用法 " 指的是動作發(fā)生在過去某一時刻并已結(jié)束，但該動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關(guān)系。例如：He has turned off the light. 他已把燈關(guān)了。( 動作結(jié)束于過去，但說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況- 燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。 )現(xiàn)在完成時"完成用法 " 的特點是動作不延續(xù)，因此，該時態(tài)只能與表示不定的過去時間狀語 ( 如： already ， yet ， before ， recently 等 ) 、頻度時間狀語( 如： never ， ever ，once 等 ) 、包括現(xiàn)在時

16、刻在內(nèi)的時間狀語 ( 如： this morning / month / year. ， today 等 ) 連用。例如：Have you found your pen yet ？你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎？2、現(xiàn)在完成時的" 未完成用法"現(xiàn)在完成時的 " 未完成用法 " 指的是動作開始于過去某一時刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：1. He has lived here since 1978/he moved here自.從 1978 年以來，他一直住在這兒。( 動作起始于 1978 年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。 )2. I have

17、been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部隊已經(jīng)呆了五年多了。( 動作開始于5 年前，一直延續(xù)至今，有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。)此種用法的句中常需一個表示一段時間的狀語 ( 由 since 或 for 引導(dǎo) ) ，或表示與現(xiàn)在時刻相連的時間狀語 ( 如： up to now ， so far 到目前為止 ) 等。例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。3. 瞬間動詞不能和時間段連用，瞬間動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動詞：把動作換成狀態(tài)動作狀態(tài)動作狀態(tài)diebe deadbeginbe onbo

18、rrow/buykept/hadend/finishbe overleavebe awayjoinbe inarrivebe heremarrybe married例如：1.他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世2 年了。His grandpa has been dead for 2 years.2.Nick 參軍 3 年了 . Nick has been in the army for 3 years3.他離開深圳好長時間了。He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.4.這本書我已借了4 個月了 I have had/kept the book for 4 mo

19、nths.五、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別(1) 一般過去時的謂語動詞用過去式，而現(xiàn)在完成時的謂語基本構(gòu)成是過去分詞"。" 助動詞have /has +如： The film started at 7 o'clock. He has been a teacher for many years.(2) 一般過去時通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用 。如： yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002 等 ； 而現(xiàn)在完成時則常與 just, already, ever, never 等副詞和 these days

20、, this week, since., for./since.ago/ up to now/so far等表示一段時間的狀語 連用。(3 )一般過去時表示過去 某個時間 發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。說話的側(cè)重點只在于陳述一件過去的事情，不強調(diào)對"現(xiàn)在 "產(chǎn)生的影響。如： He visited Guilin in 1998. 他 1998 年參觀過桂林。( 只說明去桂林的時間)(4)現(xiàn)在完成時表示 動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果。不與確定的過去時間狀語連用。如： Jill has bought a new computer. 吉爾買了一臺新電腦。(著

21、重點是現(xiàn)在有了一臺新電腦)看看以下的幾組句子，有什么區(qū)別？(A) Have you seen the film?(B)Did you see the film?說明 你看過這部電影嗎？(A) 句強調(diào)的是被問者對劇情是否了解；(B) 句強調(diào)的是看這部電影的動作是否發(fā)生過，并不強調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。(A) He has lived in Beijing for 8 years. (B) He lived in Beijing for 8 years. 說明 他在北京住了 8 年。(A) 句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了 8 年，可能還會繼續(xù)在北京住下去。(B) 句講的是他在北京住過 8 年，現(xiàn)在不在北

22、京了。練 習(xí)一、抄寫動詞以及過去式和過去分詞。1. be_-_2. come_-_3. go_-_4. do_-_5. have_-_6. drink_-_7. give_-_8. eat_-_9. know_-_10. run_-_11. say_-_12. see_-_13. find_-_14. draw_-_15. get_-_16. hear_-_17. begin_-_18. buy_-_19. leave_-_20 become _-_21 break _-_22 bring _-_23 build _-_24 bite _-_25 catch _-_26 choose _-_2

23、7 cut _-_28 fall _-_29 fly _-_35 lend _-_30forget36 lose _-_-_37 meet _-_31 grow _-_38 put _-_32 hit _-_39 read _-_33 hurt _-_40 ring _-_34 keep _-_二、用 for或 since 填空1. Mr. Brown has had his TV _ 15 years.2. I ve taken driving lessons _ last month.3. My sister has had her cell phone _ a month .4. My

24、friends haven t visited me _ my birthday.5. We havent used our car _ a long time .6.She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _ years.7. Tom has worn glasses _ he was 7 years old.8. Jill has been in Ireland _ Monday.9. Mr. Jason has been in Paris _ three days.10. My aunt has lived in Australia_15days.11. M

25、argaret is in her office. She has been there _7 oclock.12. India has been an independent country _ 1974.13. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty_ many years.14. Mike has been ill _ a long time. He has been in hospital _October.三、改寫句子，使原句的意思不變，每空一詞。1. The English professor arrived here

26、about a week agoThe English professor _ _ here for about a week .2. Her husband started to work on the farm three hours ago .Her husband _ _ on the farm for three hours .3.The French musician came to China last month , and he is still here .The French musician _ _ _ China for a month .4.He joined th

27、e army in 1985 .He _ _ _ the army _ 1985 .5.He joined the League half a year ago .He has been a League _ _ half a year .6.The bus left five minutes ago .The bus _ already _ _ for five minutes .7.The girl bought a new school bag in September .The girl _ _ the school bag since September .8. The shop c

28、losed last winter .The shop _ _ _ since last winter .9. The film began ten minutes ago .The film _ _ _ for ten minutes .10. The dog died two days ago .The dog _ _ _ for two days .11. The meeting ended last _month .The meeting _ _ _ for a month .四、用 have/has been to, have/has gone to填空：1. Where is yo

29、ur brother?He _ the shop. Hell be back soon.2. _ you ever _ to America? Yes, I _ New York twice.3.Here you are at last!Where _ you _?I _ London.4. David _ Australia.I m sure he s already arrived.5. Is Benny here? No, he _ the school library. He left five minutes ago.五、用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ (wait) for h

30、im for two hours . I am very angry.2. He _ (be) a doctor since he was twenty.3. The film _ (be) on for fifteen minutes.4. _ you ever _ (read) that book before?5. _ you ever _ (try) to change her?6. No one _ (arrive) here yet.7. _ the bus _ (leave) yet?8. I _ (not talk) to him yet.9. I _ already _ (m

31、ake) the bed.10. They _ just _ (go). They will be back soon.11. When _ you _ (meet) him ? Last night or this morning?12. She _ (not come) here recently .13. She _ (never see) the man before .14. I _ (meet) him before, but I forget his name.15. It is eleven oclock . He _ (not come) back yet.16. He _

32、(write) five stories so far .17. She _ (be) a teacher for ten years , she likes her job very much.18. _she _(call) on you lately ?選擇題1、BothhisparentsMaybethey_what'shappenedtoA.knewB.haveknownknowD. will know2、Hehas_ beentoShanghai , hasA.alreadyB.nevereverD. still3、 HaveyoumetMrLi _ ？A.justB.ag

33、obeforeD.a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year .A.iswritingB.waswroteD. haswritten5、 Our country_ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ .lookhim .he ?writingsad.C.mustC.C.C.A. haschanged ; wellB.C. haschanged ; betterD.6、Zhao Lan _already_in this school for two y

34、ears .A.was;studyingB.will;studystudiedD. are ; studying7、We _ XiaoLisinceshewasalittleA.knowB.hadknownhaveknownD.knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice .changed ; goodchanged ; betterC.hasgirl .;C.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD. see9、 ThesefarmershavebeenReally ? When _there ?A.willtheyC.do

35、theygotogotheUnitedStates .B.didD.havetheytheygogone10、 _ you _ your Yes . I _ ithomeworkyet ?amomentago .A.Did ; do ; finishedB.Have ;done ; finishedC.Have ; done ; havefinishedD.will ; do ;finish11、Hisfather_ thePartysinceA.joinedB.hasjoinedinD.hasbeenin1978 .C.was12、 Do you know him well ?Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago .A.wereB.havebeenbecomeD. have made13、 How long have you_ here ?C.haveAbout two months .A. been 14、Hurry C. has 15、 ItD.up! Thebeenon_ tenB.gonearrivedplay _ forA.hasyearssinceC.cometenminutes .begunB.hadD.beganheleftth