英美報(bào)刊選讀模擬卷

1、英美報(bào)刊選讀模擬卷考試形式：閉卷考試時(shí)間：90分鐘I. TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese3(XT=30')1 BlueBerets2.exitpoll3. rmationsuperhighway9.cellularphone10.talkshowII. Translatethefollowingsentences.(6'=30')1. Aslongaspeoplefe

2、elembarrassed,restrainedoropenlycriticizedforusingaparticularlanguage,it'sonlynaturalforthemtowanttoavoidcontinuingtodowhat'scausinganegativeresponse,whetherit'ssomethingoyourmouthwashedoutormoresubtlelikediscrimination.2.IntheUnitedStatesandAustraliainpastdecades,thegovernmentforcednati

3、vepeoplestoabandontheirlanguagesthroughvehiclessuchasboardingschoolsthatpunishedyouthforspeakingatraditionaltongue.3. Bythetimeoflastweek'selection,shehadwonoverallbutthemostpartisanofcritics.4. TextmessagingisbeingusedeffectivelybytwocollegesinWestYorkshireasawayofcommunicatingwithstudents.Aswe

4、llassendingthemremindersaboutlessonsanddealines,thephonesarebeingusedforlearninggamesandrevisionexercises.5. Themeetingcertainlyproducedmorethantheusualphotoopsandspinanditsparticipantsdidnotgoawayyellingatoneanotherastheyhaveinthepast.VIII.ReadingComprehension(20x2'=40')Directions:Thereare4

5、passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Passageone:Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudiceInsomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenfo

6、rgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyar

7、gueinfavorofviolenceasifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhisto

8、ryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathi

9、tus.Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother'sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.Talk,talk,talk,'theadvocatesofviolencesay,allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewisratherliketh

10、estoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.Possible,mylord,replied,nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.K'nowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreat

11、estheevilsitpretendstosolve.1. Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A) AdvocatingViolence.B) ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.C) ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.D) TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.2. RecordedhistoryhastaughtusA) violenceneversolvesanythi

12、ng.B)nothing.C)thebloodshedmeansnothing.D)everything.3. ItcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemenA) can'ettgahearing.B)arelookeddownupon.C)arepersecuted.D)Havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.4. “Hewasnonethewiser”meansA) hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.B) Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.C) Heg

13、ainsnothingafterlistening.D) Hemakesnosenseoftheargument.5. AccordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceisA) lawenforcement.B)knowledge.C)nonviolence.D)Moppinguptheviolentmess.Passagetwo:Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.THEelephantsofThailandusednevertobeshortofworkhaulingtimber.Butmos

14、tofthecountry'sforestshavebeencutdown,andloggingisnowbannedtosavethefewthatareleft.Thenumberofdomesticatedelephantsleftinthecountryisnowonly2,500orso,downfromabout100,000acenturyago.ThoughbeingthenationalanimalofThailandearnsanelephantplentyofrespect,thisdoesnotputgrassonthetable.Thaielephantsth

15、esedaystaketouristsontreksorperformincircuses,andaresometimestobeseenbeggingforbananasonthestreetsofBangkok.Someofthe46elephantslivingattheThaiElephantConservationCentre,aformergovernmentloggingcampnearLampang,havefoundanewlifeinmusic.TheThaiElephantOrchestraisthecreationoftwoAmericans,RichardLair,w

16、hohasworkedwithAsianelephantsfor23years,andDavidSoldier,amusicianandneuroscientistwithatastefortheavant-garde.Theyprovidedsixofthecenter'selephants,agedsetvoen18,withavarietyofpercussionandwindinstruments.ThosefamiliarwithThaiinstrumentswillrecognizetheslitdrums,thegong,thebowbass,thexylophone-l

17、ikerants,aswellasthethundersheet.Theonlydifferenceisthattheelephantversionsareabitsturdier.Someoftheelephantsinthebandhavealsotriedtheirhandatpainting,tendingtofavortheabstractovertherepresentationalstyle.Theirbroad-strokeacrylicpaintingslastyearhelpedraisesome$25,000atacharityauctionatChristie'

18、sinNewYork,andaLondongalleryhasalsotakensomeoftheirwork.Theseartsales,togetherwithprofitsfromtheCD,arehelpingtokeepthecentregoing.AsecondCDisontheway.Itwillbelessclassical,morepop.1. TheelephantsofThailandnowareshortoftheworktheyusedtodobecauseA) theyaretrainedtotaketouristsontrek.B) theyaretrainedt

19、oplaymusic.C) theforest-cuttingisillegalD)thereisnotenoughtimberforthemtohaul.2. Theauthor'sattitudetowardstheseelephants_i_s.A) astonishedB)indescribableC)supportiveD)appreciative3. ThetwoAmericancreatedtheOrchestrainordertoA) earnmoneyB)protectelephantsC)enjoythemselvesD)noneoftheabove4. “trum

20、pet”inthe3rdparagraphreferstoA) jumpB)shriekC)moveD)shake5. TheelephantsdonotmakemoneyfromA) gettingcharityfromvisitorsB)sellingtheirpaintingsC)sellingtheirownCDsD)alltheirentertainmentworkPassagethree:Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.FederalReserveSystem,centralbankingsystemoftheUnitedSta

21、tes,popularlycalledtheFed.Acentralbankservesasthebankertoboththebankingcommunityandthegovernment;italsoissuesthenationalcurrency,conductsmonetarypolicy,andplaysamajorroleinsupervisionandregulationofbanksandbankholdingcompanies.IntheU.S.thesefunctionsaretheresponsibilitiesofkeyofficialsoftheFederalRe

22、serveSystem:theBoardofGovernors,locatedinWashington,D.C.,andthetopofficersofthe12districtFederalReservebanks,locatedthroughoutthenation.TheFed'sactions,describedbelow,generallyhaveasignificanteffectontheU.S.interestratesand,subsequently,onstock,bond,andotherfinancialmarkets.TheFederalReserve'

23、;basicpowersareconcentratedintheBoardofGovernors,whichisparamountinallpolicyissuesconcerningbankregulationandsupervisionandinmostaspectsofmonetarycontrol.TheboardenunciatestheFed'policiesonbothmonetaryandbankingmatters.Becausetheboardisnotanoperatingagency,mostoftheday-to-dayimplementationofpoli

24、ciesdecisionsislefttothedistrictFederalReservebanks,stockinwhichisownedbythecommercialbanksthataremembersoftheFederalReserveSystem.Ownershipinthisinstanee,however,doesnotimplycontroltheBoardofGovernorsandtheheadsoftheReservebanksorienttheirpoliciestothepublicinterestratherthantothebenefitoftheprivat

25、ebankingsystem.TheU.S.bankingsystem'regulatoryapparatusiscomplex;theauthorityoftheFederalReserveissharedinsomeinstancesforexample,inmergersortheexaminationofbankswithotherfederalagenciessuchastheComptrolleroftheCurrencyandtheFederalDepositInsuraneeCooperation(FDIC).Inthecriticalareaofregulatingt

26、henation'smoneysupplyinaccordaneewithnationaleconomicgoals,however,theFederalReserveisindependentwithinthegovernment.IncomeandexpendituresoftheFederalReservebanksandoftheBoardofGovernorsarenotsubjecttothecongressionalappropriationprocess;theFederalReserveissubjecttothecongressionalappropriationp

27、rocess;theFederalReserveisself-financing.Itsincome($20.2billionin1992)comesmainlyfromReservebankholdingsofincome-earningsecurities,primarilythoseoftheU.S.government.Outlays($1.5billionin1992)aremostlyforoperationalexpensesinprovidingservicestothegovernmentandforexpendituresconnectedwithregulationand

28、monetarypolicy.In1992theFederalReservereturned$16.8billioninearningstotheU.S.Treasury.1. TheFedoftheUnitedStates.A) functionsasChinaBankB) isthecounterpartofPeople'sBankofChinaC) issubjecttothebankingcommunityandgovernmentD) has13topofficerswhocaninflueneetheAmericanfinancialmarket2. Thefactthat

29、stockintheFedbelongstocommercialbanks.A) doesn'tmeanthelatterisincontrolB) meansthelatterisincC) meansthelatterissubjectedtotheReservebanksD) meanstheReservebanksorientthelatter'spolicies3. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A) TheFedisaverybig,complexandsignificants

30、ystemwhichcomprisesmanylocalbanks.B) AllthecommercialbanksarenotthecomponentsofFederalReserveSystem.C) BoardofGovernorsisthesupremepolicy-makersofFederalReserveSystem.D) DistrictReservebanksratherthanBoardofGovernorsperformthedaytodaypolicies.4. TheauthorityoftheFederalReserve.A) hastobesharedwithot

31、herestablishmentsisB) isexclusiveatothertimesC) isn'tlimitedbycomptrolleroftheCurrencyandFDICD) islimitedbyBoardofGovernors5. IncomeoftheBoardofGovernors.A)isborrowedfromtheU.S.TreasuryB) isusedbythegovernmenttomakevariouspoliciesC) comesfromtheU.S.TreasuryD)isnotgrantedbythegovernmentPassagefou

32、r:Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Joyandsadnessareexperiencedbypeopleinallculturesaroundtheworld,buthowcanwetellwhenotherpeoplearehappyordespondent?Itturnsoutthattheexpressionofmanyemotionsmaybeuniversal.Smilingisapparentlyauniversalsignoffriendlinessandapproval.Baringtheteethinahostilewa

33、y,asnotedbyCharlesDarwininthenineteenthcentury,maybeauniversesignofanger.Astheoriginatorofthetheoryofevolution,Darwinbelievedthattheuniversalrecognitionoffacialexpressionswouldhavesurvivalvalue.Forexample,facialexpressionscouldsignaltheapproachofenemies(orfriends)intheabsenceoflanguage.Mostinvestiga

34、torsconcurthatcertainfacialexpressionssuggestthesameemotionsinapeople.Moreover,peopleindiverseculturesrecognizetheemotionsmanifestedbythefacialexpressions.InclassicresearchPaulEkmantookphotographsofpeopleexhibitingtheemotionsofanger,disgust,fear,happiness,andsadness.Hethenaskedpeoplearoundtheworldto

35、indicatewhatemotionswerebeingdepictedinthem.ThosequeriedrangedfromEuropeancollegestudentstomembersoftheFore,atribethatdwellsintheNewGuineahighlands.AllgroupsincludingtheFore,whohadalmostnocontactwithWesternculture,agreedontheportrayedemotions.TheForealsodisplayedfamiliarfacialexpressionswhenaskedhow

36、theywouldrespondiftheywerethecharactersinstoriesthatcalledforbasicemotionalresponses.Ekmanandhiscolleaguesmorerecentlyobtainedsimilarresultsinastudyoftenculturesinwhichparticipantswerepermittedtoreportthatmultipleemotionswereshownbyfacialexpressions.Theparticipantsgenerallyagreedonwhichtwoemotionswe

37、rebeingshownandwhichemotionwasmoreintense.Psychologicalresearchersgenerallyrecognizethatfacialexpressionsreflectemotionalstates.Infact,variousemotionalstatesgiverisetocertainpatternsofelectricalactivityinthefacialmusclesandinthebrain.Thefacial-feedbackhypothesisargues,however,thatthecausalrelationsh

38、ipbetweenemotionsandfacialexpressionscanalsoworkintheoppositedirection.Accordingtothishypothesis,signalsfromthefacialmuscles("feedback")aresentbacktoemotioncentersofthebrain,andsoaperson'sfacialexpressioncaninfluencethatperson'semotionalstate.ConsiderDarwin'swords:"Thefree

39、expressionbyoutwardsignsofanemotionintensifiesit.Ontheotherhand,therepression,asfaraspossible,ofalloutwardsignssoftensouremotions."Cansmilinggiverisetofeelingsofgoodwill,forexample,andfrowningtoanger?Psychologicalresearchhasgivenrisetosomeinterestingfindingsconcerningthefacial-feedbackhypothesi

40、s.Causingparticipantsinexperimentstosmile,forexample,leadsthemtoreportmorepositivefeelingsandtoratecartoons(humorousdrawingsofpeopleorsituations)asbeingmorehumorous.Whentheyarecausedtofrown,theyratecartoonsasbeingmoreaggressive.Whatarethepossiblelinksbetweenfacialexpressionsandemotion?Onelinkisarous

41、al,whichisthelevelofactivityorpreparednessforactivityinanorganism.Intensecontractionoffacialmuscles,suchasthoseusedinsignifyingfear,heightensarousal.Self-perceptionofheightenedarousalthenleadstoheightenedemotionalactivity.Otherlinksmayinvolvechangesinbraintemperatureandthereleaseofneurotransmitters(

42、substancesthattransmitnerveimpulses.)Thecontractionoffacialmusclesbothinfluencestheinternalemotionalstateandreflectsit.Ekmanhasfoundthattheso-calledDuchennesmile,whichischaracterizedby"crow'sfeet"wrinklesaroundtheeyesandasubtledropintheeyecoverfoldsothattheskinabovetheeyemovesdownsligh

43、tlytowardtheeyeball,canleadtopleasantfeelings.Ekman'sobservationmayberelevanttotheBritishexpression"keepastiffupperlip"asarecommendationforhandlingstress.Itmightbethata"stiff"lipsuppressesemotionalresponse-aslongasthelipisnotquiveringwithfearortension.Butwhentheemotionthatleadstostiffeningthelipismoreintense,andinvolvesstrongmuscletension,facialfeedbackmayheightenemotionalresponse.1.TheworddespondentinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoA) curiousB)unhappyC)thoughtfulD)uncertain2. Theauthormentions"Baringtheteethinahostileway"inordertoA)differentiate