導(dǎo)學(xué)案語法unit1M3Module3Unit1TheWorldofOurSensesGrammarandUsageLearningGuide

1、Module 3 Unit 1 The World of Our SensesGrammar and Usage Learning Guide學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：學(xué)習(xí)并掌握名詞性從句的基本用法，包括名詞性從句的類型，連接 詞的種類以及相關(guān)用法。學(xué)習(xí)重難點(diǎn)：名詞性從句及相關(guān)連接詞的選用名詞性從句 (Noun Clause) 名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用 , 根據(jù)它們?cè)诰渲兴鸬恼Z法作用 , 這類從句又 可分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。一、名詞性從句的具體分類1. 主語從句( Subject clause)。 主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句。*That she survived the

2、accident is a miracle. 她在事故中幸免于難簡(jiǎn)直是個(gè)奇跡。*Whatever we do is to serve the people. 我們無論做什么都是為人民服務(wù)(1) that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),that無意義,不作句子成分，但不能省略。(2) 可用形式主語 it 代替主語從句 , 而把真正的主語從句置于句尾。*It is almost certain that their government will lose the next election. 他們的政府在 下次的選舉中將失利 , 這幾乎是肯定的。2. 賓語從句( Object clause)。 賓語從句是在復(fù)合

3、句中作賓語的名詞性從句 , 通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞 (及物動(dòng) 詞)、形容詞或介詞之后。*He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。在一般情況下 , 賓語從句中時(shí)態(tài)要和主句相一致 , 尤其是主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)。有 時(shí) , 賓語從句中時(shí)態(tài)也可以和主句不一致。 客觀真理和自然規(guī)律的內(nèi)容在賓語從 句中時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。*We didn t know (that) you had sold your house. 我們不知道你已經(jīng)把你的房子賣了。*Mike asked whether the earth moves ar

4、ound the sun. 邁克問地球是否繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。(1) 賓語從句后如果接補(bǔ)語 , 則常用 it 作形式賓語 , 而把賓語從句置于句末。 *We all find it important that we should make a quick decision about this matter. 我們都認(rèn)為對(duì)這件事盡快做出決定很重要。(2) 有些及物動(dòng)詞或及物動(dòng)詞短語后接從句時(shí) , 常常先用 it 作形式賓語。例如: like, love, dislike, hate, enjoy, appreciate, see to, depe nd c等。*I took it for grant

5、ed that youd stay with us.我想當(dāng)然認(rèn)為你會(huì)和我們待在一起。*1 II see to it that everything ready in time.我保證到時(shí)一切就緒。3. 表語從句(Predictive clause。表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句 ，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是 主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語從句”。*All I can say is that I have nothing to do with it.我能說的就是我與此事沒有關(guān)系。*One adva ntage of solar en ergy is that it will n ever run o

6、ut.太陽能的一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)枯竭。4. 同位語從句(Apposition clause)。同位語從句是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的從句。 同位語從句一般跟在名詞fact, hope, idea, n ews, doubt, suggesti on, in formati on, opinion, decisi on, discovery, truth, promise, stateme nt, problem, rule等 的后面。*The news that the United States was hit by terrorist attacks took the whole wor

7、ld by surprise.美國(guó)受到恐怖主義分子襲擊的消息令全世界吃驚。同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別(1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)又在從句中作某個(gè)成分(主語或賓語), 而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述特定 的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行解釋或補(bǔ)充說明。*No one is happy with the fact that he found out.沒有人對(duì)他發(fā)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)感到高興。(定語從句)*No one is happy with the fa

8、ct that he will become their boss.沒有人對(duì)他將成為他們的老板這一事實(shí)感到高興。(同位語從句)、名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞連接詞that, if, whether 等連接代詞who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever whoever等連接副詞Whe n, where, how, why, as if, becaus等1. that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，僅起連接作用，不充當(dāng)成分，無實(shí)際意義。*The difficulty lies in the fact that we are short o

9、f mon ey.困難在于我們?nèi)狈Y金這個(gè)事實(shí)。*My opinion is that things will improve.我的意見是事情會(huì)好起來的。1)當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上that從句并列作賓語時(shí)，只有第一個(gè)that可以省略 (2)當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時(shí)，that不可省略。用it作形式賓語的賓語從句，that不能省略。(4)主句謂語動(dòng)詞與 that 從句之間有插入語時(shí) , that 不可省略。2. whether 和 if 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。whether 可引導(dǎo)所有的名詞性從句 , if 僅可引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞賓語從句和主語從句 , 且 if 引 導(dǎo)的主語從句不能位于句首。*I don t know

10、 whether/if you are willing to help me. 我不知道你是否愿意幫我。*I wonder whether/if daughters are valued as sons in the countryside. 我想知道在農(nóng)村女兒是否和兒子一樣受到重視。此外，還有幾種情況需注意a. 在介詞后面只能用 whether, 不能用 if 。*It depends on whether he is ready. 這件事要看他是否有準(zhǔn)備。b. 在discuss后的賓語從句中，只能用 whether,不能用if。 *We discussed whether we shoul

11、d make a change in our plan. 我們討論了是不是要對(duì)我們的計(jì)劃進(jìn)行一下修改。c. 當(dāng)whether與or not連成一個(gè)詞組時(shí)，whether不可換用if。 *I don tcare whether your car breaks down or not.*I don catre whether or not your car breaks down.d. 主語從句不能用 if*Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 我們明天是否能在戶外舉行派對(duì)取決于明

12、天的天氣。e. 后接不定式時(shí)，只能用whethero *I don t knowwhether to go.我不知道是否要去。f. 引導(dǎo)表語或同位語從句時(shí),也只能用whethero*The doctor can hardly answer the question whether the old man will recover soon. 醫(yī)生也回答不上來這個(gè)老人是否能馬上恢復(fù)。3. 引導(dǎo)詞what與that的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語 從句、表語從句時(shí)，what要充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語等句子 成分，that不作任何成分，只在語法上起連接作用。*What we cantget seems bett

13、er than what we have.我們得不到的似乎要比我們所擁有的要好。*That the Chinese Mens table tennis team won the World Cup excited us all.中國(guó)男子乒乓球隊(duì)獲得世界乒乓球比賽的冠軍讓我們很是激動(dòng)。三、名詞性從句 “三注意 ”(1) 注意語序 :名詞性從句若表示疑問的意思 ,在復(fù)合句中要用陳述語序而非疑問 語序。(2) 注意時(shí)態(tài):名詞性從句中的時(shí)態(tài)要與主句在形式或意義上保持一致。(3) 注意主謂一致：從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；但what或who引導(dǎo)的 從句作主語時(shí)，則要根據(jù)從句的意義而定。四、名詞

14、性從句練習(xí)1. makes this shop differe nt is that it offers more pers onal services.A. What B. Who C. WhateverD. Whoever2. It s thirty years since we last met.But I still remember the story, believe it or not,we got lost on a rai nyn ight.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whe n3. See the flags on top of the build i

15、ng? That waswe did this morning.A. whe nB. whichC. whereD. What4. Could you do me a favor?It depe nds onit is.A. which B. whicheverC. whatD. whatever5. These shoes look very good. I won der.A. how much cost they areB. how much do they costC. how much they costD. how much are they cost6. Doris succes

16、s lies in the factshe is co-operative and eager to learn fromothers.A. whichB. thatC. whe nD. why7. Mary wrote an article onthe team had failed to win the game.A. whyB. whatC. whoD. that8. Do you have any ideais actually going on in the classroom?A. thatB. whatC. asD. which9. Why does she always ask

17、 you for help?There is no one else, is there?A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn10. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object andit isrough or smooth.A. /B. whetherC. howD. what11. Danny left word with my secretaryhe would call aga in in the

18、after noon.A. whoB. thatC. asD. which12. Mum is coming. What presentfor your birthday? A. you expect shehas gotB. you expect has she gotC. do you expect she has gotD. do you expect has she got13. The way he did it was differe ntwe were used to. A. i n which B.in whatC. from whatD. from which14. Great cha nges have take n place in that school. It is no