高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)案專題九 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)一直是歷年高考的必考點(diǎn)。主要考查考生在特定語(yǔ)境下對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的理解，其中現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的運(yùn)用出現(xiàn)得最為頻繁。此外，為了增加試題的區(qū)分度，命題者還常常把動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)以及主謂一致結(jié)合在一起考查。在解題時(shí)要注意以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：1這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能發(fā)生在什么時(shí)間？題干中可參照的時(shí)間信息有哪些？2這個(gè)動(dòng)作處于什么狀態(tài)？是進(jìn)行中，還是已結(jié)束(完成)？限制或修飾這個(gè)動(dòng)作的狀語(yǔ)信息有哪些？3這個(gè)動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)？只要全面細(xì)致地考慮了這些問(wèn)題，試題的答案也就水落石出了。一、 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和用法類別意義例句現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.主要表示現(xiàn)在的特征、狀態(tài)、經(jīng)常性

2、動(dòng)作或客觀事實(shí)等。2.用在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)。3.少數(shù)表示動(dòng)作起止的動(dòng)詞有時(shí)也可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。I play ping pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. If it rains tomorrow, will you still go？The plane for Canada leaves at 9：15.類別意義例句現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2.與副詞always，continually，con

3、stantly，never等連用時(shí)表示厭惡或贊揚(yáng)等的感情色彩。3.go，come，leave，start，stay等少數(shù)表示來(lái)、去、開(kāi)始、離開(kāi)等意義的瞬間動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排好的將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。My brother is reading an interesting novel these days. You are always forgetting the important things. Were moving to the new building next week.類別意義例句現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的兩種意義：表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有一定的影響

4、或結(jié)果。表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且可能繼續(xù)下去。2.短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中不可與表示時(shí)間段的for, since等連用。3.可用在表時(shí)間、條件、讓步的狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)以前已完成的動(dòng)作。4.在It is the first/ second time that句型中，that從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。They have cleaned the classroom. (即： The room is clean now. )He has lived in this country for 40 years. Once you have made a promise, you s

5、houldnt break it. It is the first time that I have been here. 類別意義例句現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1.表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在可能剛剛結(jié)束，也可能仍要繼續(xù)。2.表示瞬間意義的動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。Ive been sitting here all day. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy has been considering going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. 類別意義例句過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)1.主要表示

6、過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的情況或動(dòng)作(包括過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作)。2.所表達(dá)的事件與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。3.即使是剛剛發(fā)生的事情也要用過(guò)去時(shí)。If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it rained all day. Sorry. I didnt know you were here.類別意義例句過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 。通常有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(從句)，或有上下文提示。2.與副詞always, continually, constantly, never等連用時(shí)表示厭惡或贊揚(yáng)等的感情色彩。3.go，come，l

7、eave，start，stay等少數(shù)表示來(lái)、去、開(kāi)始、離開(kāi)等意義的瞬間動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排好的過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。As she was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep.My grandfather was always forgetting things. Mr. Smith said he was leaving for London soon. 類別意義例句過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去完成時(shí)1.表示某一動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。 可以用by，before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示

8、，也可以用一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作來(lái)表示，還可能通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。2.表示由過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和for, since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。3.動(dòng)詞think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法、希望、打算或意圖等。4.用在hardlywhen，no soonerthan，It was the first (second, etc.) time (that)等固定句型中。By nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.

9、 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 類別意義例句過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1.常用于賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)中。2.was/were about to dowhen正要做某事這時(shí)He said he would come and help me if necessary.

10、 I was just about to explain when he interrupted me.類別意義例句將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)will (shall)do其特殊用法：1單純的將來(lái)。2說(shuō)話時(shí)臨時(shí)的打算。 I will be 17 next month.Sorry, I forgot to post your letter.It doesnt matter. I will go and post it myself. 類別意義例句將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)be going todo1. 按照計(jì)劃打算做(即說(shuō)話時(shí)早已有的打算)。2根據(jù)客觀跡象預(yù)示著。 Ann is in hospital. Yes, I know. I

11、m going to visit her tomorrow.Look at the clouds. It is going to rain. 類別意義例句將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)betodo 1. 表示按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事或表示命令、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、要求等。 2可以用于條件句，表示“想，想要做。”3be to do 結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)還可以表示“注定了”。 The president is to visit the school next week.You are to do your homework before you watch TV. (相當(dāng)于should, ought to)If you are to pass t

12、he exams, you will have to study harder from now on.They were never to meet again. 類別意義例句將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)beabouttodo 表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，意為：很快，馬上。后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。常與when 連用， 構(gòu)成句型“be about to do when ”(正要做這時(shí)) We are about to leave. 二、幾種易混時(shí)態(tài)的辨析1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的、習(xí)慣性的或狀態(tài)性的行為。 而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)則具有進(jìn)行性、未完成性和暫時(shí)性的特點(diǎn)。如：On the wall hangs a pi

13、cture painted by Qi Baishi. This is not my coat. Mine is hanging behind the door. 如：2010重慶卷 The palace caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original building _ now.AremainsBis remainedCis remainingDhas been remained【解析】 A考查動(dòng)詞用法及時(shí)態(tài)。remain作不及物動(dòng)詞用，表示“剩下，仍有”，只能用于主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不可直接跟賓語(yǔ)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)

14、境應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)狀。2一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)所表達(dá)的事件與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果。如：I stayed in Beijing for five days. Then I went to America. (I am not in Beijing now. )I have stayed in Beijing for five days and havent decided where to go next. (I am still in Beijing now and dont know where to go next.)2010北京卷 Im sorry

15、，but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?Sorry，I _myself clear. We want to return on October 20.Ahadnt made Bwouldnt makeCdont make Dhavent made【解析】 D本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和情景交際。答句句意為：抱歉，我還沒(méi)有把我的意思表達(dá)明白，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。3一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段正在

16、做某事。進(jìn)行時(shí)具有進(jìn)行性、未完成性和暫時(shí)性的特點(diǎn)。如：I read a book last month. (書(shū)已經(jīng)在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)讀完)I was reading a book last month. (書(shū)未讀完)Has Sam finished his homework today?I have no idea. He _it this morning. Adid Bhas doneCwas doing Dhad done【解析】 C此題容易誤選A。根據(jù)I have no idea這一關(guān)鍵信息可知，說(shuō)話者對(duì)是否完成并不知道，因此用進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示今天上午在做。4一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)判斷是不是過(guò)

17、去完成時(shí)應(yīng)先從時(shí)間軸上找到表示“過(guò)去”的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或動(dòng)作，然后判斷在這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或動(dòng)作之前還有沒(méi)有另一個(gè)動(dòng)作，并且判斷該句是否強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)生在前。The moment I got home, I found I had left my jacket on the playground.5完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)分別表示某一動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去某一時(shí)間。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)雖然也表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去某一時(shí)間，但更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性。完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)。如：(1)Why does the river smell terrible? Beca

18、use the water_. Ahave pollutedBis being pollutedChas been pollutedDhave been polluted【解析】 C考查完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法和主謂一致。根據(jù)問(wèn)句可知所填動(dòng)詞表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)是the water，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，選C。 (2)He _ articles for our newspaper these years, and he _about 40 articles. Ahas written；has writtenBhas been w

19、riting；writesCis writing；has been writingDhas been writing；has written【解析】 D考查完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法。由句意知“這些年他一直在寫(xiě)”，用has been writing；“已寫(xiě)完了”用has written。三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)反映主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的一種關(guān)系。動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，句子通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的不同形式體現(xiàn)出不同的時(shí)態(tài)形式；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be

20、過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，不同的時(shí)態(tài)通過(guò) be 的不同形式體現(xiàn)。其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成方法與普通的及物動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成方法相同。常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 構(gòu)成(以ask為例) 常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 構(gòu)成1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are asked 6過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were being asked 2一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were asked 7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has been asked3一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall/will be asked 8過(guò)去完成時(shí) had been asked4過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would be asked 9將來(lái)完成時(shí) will/would have been asked5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are be

21、ing asked 10含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)can/must/may be asked注意事項(xiàng)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不可漏掉其中的介詞或副詞。如：Trees should not be planted in summer. The boy was made fun of by his classmates. “get 過(guò)去分詞”可以表示被動(dòng)，此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語(yǔ)化。如：She got married last week. He fell off the car and got killed. 漢語(yǔ)有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示。

22、如：It is believed thatIt is generally considered thatIt is said thatIt is well known thatIt must be pointed out thatIt is supposed thatIt is reported thatIt must be admitted thatIt is hoped that注意事項(xiàng)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況不及物動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：happen, take place, last, break out, come about, come out等。如：The book came ou

23、t last year. The meeting lasted about 4 hours without reaching any agreement. 系動(dòng)詞look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep等都沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：The food tastes good.The cloth feels soft. His plan proved (to be) practical. It has gone bad.表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性特征的動(dòng)詞不

24、需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如read, write, act, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash, open, lock, shut, dry, start。這類動(dòng)詞一般不單獨(dú)使用，常用一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)。如：The book sells well. 這本書(shū)很暢銷。My pen wont write. 我的筆寫(xiě)不出字來(lái)。This coat dries easily. 這種外衣容易干。The door wont lock. 這門(mén)鎖不上。The engine wont start. 引擎發(fā)動(dòng)不起來(lái)。The cloth washes well. 這布很耐洗。1Hi, Lucy, you look

25、 tired. Im really tired. I _the living room all day. ApaintedBhad paintedChave been paintingDhave been painted【誤】 學(xué)生容易分辨不清C與D的區(qū)別，而誤選D?！菊?C表示我一整天都在刷房子，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。2Nancy is not coming tonight. But she _！(promise)【誤】 But she has promised. 【正】 But she promised. 【解析】 Nancy“答應(yīng)要來(lái)”這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)該發(fā)生在過(guò)去，是過(guò)去作出的承諾，前文已告

26、訴我們“她不來(lái)了”，因此諾言已跟現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系，只是過(guò)去的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。3托尼給我打電話時(shí)，我剛完成工作，要開(kāi)始洗澡?！菊`】 When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and started to take a shower. 【正】 When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and was starting to take a shower. 【解析】 從關(guān)鍵信息I had just finished my work可以看出是“正要開(kāi)始洗澡”應(yīng)該是進(jìn)行時(shí)，was starting 可以表示馬

27、上就要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；而started表示“開(kāi)始了”。4I dont really work here; I _until the new secretary arrives. Ajust help outBhave just helped out Cam just helping outDwill just help out【誤】 此題易受第一句話的影響，而誤選A?！菊?表示我現(xiàn)在只是在臨時(shí)幫忙，是現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，選C?！窘馕觥?一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在的、經(jīng)常性的行為或狀態(tài)，而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行的、暫時(shí)性的動(dòng)作。5很多的鳥(niǎo)類正被人們捕殺?！菊`】 Many birds are killed

28、now. 【正】 Many birds are being killed now. 【解析】 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)要完整，不能遺漏其中的助動(dòng)詞，導(dǎo)致時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。12010上海卷 The church tower which_will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. Ahas restored Bhas been restoredCis restoring Dis being restored【解析】 D本題考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。restore意為“修復(fù)”，而最后一句表明工程還未完成，因此為正在修復(fù)中，選D。22009北京卷

29、 John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather_ with them to school. Atook Bhad takenCwere taking Dwould take【答案】 B32009遼寧卷 Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair_ all day. Could you speak to her now? Aphones Bhas phonedChas been phoning Dphoned【解析】 C考查現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。由all day可以看出一直在打電

30、話，此時(shí)仍然在打，過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并仍在進(jìn)行，選C。42009天津卷 My parents _ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. Alive Blived Cwere living Dwill live【解析】 A考查時(shí)態(tài)。后句意思為：他們出生在香港，從來(lái)沒(méi)有在別的地方住過(guò)。由此可知前句“一直在香港住”，時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，說(shuō)明事實(shí)，選A。52009江蘇卷 Ann is in hospital. Oh, really? I _know. I _go and visit her. A

31、didnt; am going to Bdont; wouldCdont; will Ddidnt; will【解析】 D由答語(yǔ)中的“Oh, really？”可以看出，“我”是剛剛知道的，所以用I didnt know表示現(xiàn)在之前不知道。A項(xiàng)中的am going to表示“說(shuō)話時(shí)早有的打算”，而D項(xiàng)中的will則表示“說(shuō)話時(shí)臨時(shí)的打算”。62009上海卷 During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _not to touch any unattended bag.Ahad always been warnedBwere al

32、ways being warnedCare always warningDalways warned【解析】 B根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可知是指過(guò)去，be always doing sth.表示“一種感情色彩”，并且人們與警告之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，選B。7He_ football regularly for many years when he was young. Awas playing BplayedChas played Dhad played【解析】 B考查考生對(duì)題干中句子含義的理解以及對(duì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的掌握情況。由題干中的“for many years”很多同學(xué)推斷出應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但“when he

33、was young”這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表明他打球是過(guò)去時(shí)，未持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。由“regularly” 可知他過(guò)去經(jīng)常打球，是一種過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，選B。82010全國(guó)卷 Linda，make sure the tables _ before the guests arrive. Abe set BsetCare set Dare setting【解析】 C考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。make sure意為“確信，確?！保瑂et tables意為“擺放桌子”，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式。92010全國(guó)卷 Excuse me. I_ I was blocking your way. Adidnt realize Bdon

34、t realizeChavent realized Dwasnt realizing【解析】 A考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。這里應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示說(shuō)話之前“沒(méi)有意識(shí)到”。10My friend went to Canada three years ago. He_ there for a few months and then went to America. Awas living Bhas livedCwas lived Dlived【解析】 D句意為：我的朋友三年前去了加拿大，他在那里住了幾個(gè)月，然后去了美國(guó)。由句意可知，住在加拿大這個(gè)情況發(fā)生在過(guò)去，且已經(jīng)結(jié)束，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。112010四川卷 W

35、hen shall we restart our business?Not until we _ our plan. Awill finish Bare finishingCare to finish Dhave finished【解析】 D考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。狀語(yǔ)從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，這里表示計(jì)劃完成后，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。12Have you read the book called Waiting for Anya?Who _it? Awrites Bhas written Cwrote Dhad written【解析】 C本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。題干中的答句問(wèn)“誰(shuí)寫(xiě)的這本書(shū)？”說(shuō)明此書(shū)肯定是過(guò)去寫(xiě)的，

36、所以用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。13They_ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go. Ahad got Bgot Chave got Dget【解析】 B本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：他們得到了兩張去加拿大的免費(fèi)票，否則他們將永遠(yuǎn)也去不起。此題敘述事實(shí)，又發(fā)生在過(guò)去，選B。14The singer together with her band _invited to the concert. Did you enjoy that party?No, no sooner _than they

37、 sang their top hit Oh My Baby. Awas; I had left Bwere; I have goneCwas; had I left Dwere; did I leave【解析】 C主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)及倒裝的綜合考查。主語(yǔ)(the singer)后面跟有together with引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致，所以要用was；否定詞no sooner和than連用，且位于句首時(shí)，用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表示一件事緊接著另一件事發(fā)生，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的“一就”。152010四川卷 Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid

38、the teacher will blame you. Awill expect Bwill be expectedCexpected Dwere expected【解析】 D考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。由語(yǔ)境“老師將批評(píng)你”，知道你沒(méi)有完成應(yīng)該做的，所以用過(guò)去時(shí)，expect sb. to do sth. 意為“期待某人做某事”，此處要用被動(dòng)形式。162010安徽卷 Were you surprised by the ending of the film?No. I _ the book，so I already knew the story. Awas reading Bhad readCam read

39、ing Dhave read【解析】 B考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：“你對(duì)電影結(jié)果感到吃驚嗎？”“不，我已經(jīng)讀過(guò)這本書(shū)，所以我已知道了這個(gè)故事。”“讀書(shū)”是在“看電影”之前，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。172010全國(guó)卷 Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?No，I _ my homework all day yesterday. Awas doing Bwould doChad done Ddo【解析】 A考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。all day yesterday是信息詞，暗示用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。182010遼寧卷 I _ all the cooking for my family，but r

40、ecently Ive been too busy to do it. Awill do Bdo Cam doing Dhad done【解析】 B考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。第一句表示通常、一般性的一種狀況，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：我為一家人做飯，但是最近我太忙不能做了。192010全國(guó)卷 The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _. Ais made Bwould makeCwas to be made Dhad made【解析】 C考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。make a fortune表“發(fā)財(cái)”

41、，此處是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，was to be made表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，相當(dāng)于would be made。202010福建卷 Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns. Apromised Bwere promisedChave promised Dhave been promised【解析】 D考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：因?yàn)樵陔x開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)前被許諾的能掙錢的工作，每年大量的農(nóng)民工涌入深圳。由句中arrive的時(shí)態(tài)可知此處的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在

42、時(shí)，又根據(jù)before leaving their hometowns可知在離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)前的承諾，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，所以該空應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。212010福建卷 Guess what，weve got our visas for a shortterm visit to the UK this summer. How nice！You _ a different culture then. Awill be experiencingBhave experiencedChave been experiencingDwill have experienced【解析】 A考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。由第一句可知：我們已經(jīng)得到了

43、暑假去英國(guó)旅行的短期簽證，再由第二句中then可知：這是對(duì)去英國(guó)旅行的美好祝愿，動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。因此時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。222010安徽卷 Weve spent too much money recently. Well，it isnt surprising. Our friends and relatives _ around all the time. Aare coming Bhad comeCwere coming Dhave been coming【解析】 D考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：“最近我們花錢太多了?！薄耙稽c(diǎn)也不奇怪。我們一直有朋友和親戚來(lái)?！本渲谐霈F(xiàn)了明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)recently和a

44、ll the time。232010北京卷 In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words _.Aare dropped BdropCare being dropped Dhave dropped【解析】 A本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。the “r” sounds和drop之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；題目描述的是習(xí)慣做法，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。242010北京卷 Im not finished with my dinner yet.But our friends _

45、for us. Awill wait BwaitChave waited Dare waiting【解析】 D本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)第一句話可知，雙方談?wù)摰氖钦诎l(fā)生的事情，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。25Unfortunately，when I got to her flat, she_，so we had only a moment for a few words. Ajust left Bhad just leftChas just left Dwas just leaving【解析】 D考查時(shí)態(tài)。從后半句的“所以我們僅用一會(huì)兒時(shí)間說(shuō)了幾句話”可知，當(dāng)說(shuō)話人到達(dá)那位女士的公寓時(shí)，她正要離開(kāi)，應(yīng)該

46、用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去馬上要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。26Has Tom already finished his new story?I have no idea. He _it last month. Ahad written Bwas writingCwould write Dwrote【解析】 B本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作表示未完成或者不知道有沒(méi)有完成時(shí)，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，句中是不知道有沒(méi)有完成，所以本題選擇B項(xiàng)。27How come your father can read books in German?Well, he _on a project with some German engineer

47、s for 3 years when he was young. Aworked Bwas workingChad worked Dwould work【解析】 A考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。盡管應(yīng)答句中有3 years表時(shí)間段，但由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可知此處是陳述過(guò)去的事實(shí)，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，選A。28Whats the problem, Sir?You _at least at a speed of about 100 miles per hour. Aare driving BdriveCwere driving Dhave been driving【答案】 C29Are you still very bus

48、y?Yes，I _the report for the manager and it wont take long. Ahave just finishedBam just finishingChad just finishedDam just going to finish【解析】 B考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)的用法。根據(jù)“it wont take long”推知，報(bào)告將要寫(xiě)完但并沒(méi)有寫(xiě)完。30What are you going to do this afternoon?I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film _quite e

49、arly, so we _to the bookstore after that.Afinished; are going Bfinished; goCfinishes; are going Dfinishes; go【解析】 C由問(wèn)句和答語(yǔ)I am going可知，要用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，排除選項(xiàng)A和B；電影的開(kāi)始和結(jié)束是電影院在時(shí)刻表中已有的計(jì)劃，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示，而表示最近的打算或安排，則可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示。1(2011東北三省四市聯(lián)考)Whats that terrible noise，David?Oh，I forgot to tell you.The new machines in the n

50、earby plant_.Awere tested Bwill be testedCare being tested Dhave been tested解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)問(wèn)句中的Whats that terrible noise 可知，這里應(yīng)該用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，噪音是機(jī)器正在被檢測(cè)時(shí)發(fā)出的，所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。答案：C2(2011北京西城模擬)The attackers were arrested and didnt know where they_.Awould take Bare takenCwere being taken Dwill be taken解析：句意為：襲擊者被捕了

51、，他們不知道正被帶往何處。根據(jù)didnt know 可知，空格處也應(yīng)該用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，所以B、D不正確；根據(jù)句意可知此處用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選C。答案：C3(2011南京模擬)People begin to know that most environmental problems exist because necessary measures for preventing them_taken in the past.Aare not Bwere notChadnt been Dwouldnt be解析：句意為：人們開(kāi)始了解到由于在過(guò)去沒(méi)有采取必要的預(yù)防措施從而造成了大多數(shù)的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。in t

52、he past暗示出用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；hadnt been 指在一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或時(shí)間之前發(fā)生的事情；wouldnt be 表過(guò)去將來(lái)，故B項(xiàng)正確。答案：B4(2011日照市調(diào)研考試)Monitor?Im not monitor of our class.I_with the teacher until the monitor is elected.Awill just help Bam just to helpCam just helping Dhave just helped解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。下句意為：我只是在幫助老師，直到選出班長(zhǎng)為止。根據(jù)上下句語(yǔ)意可知，此處用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示答話者當(dāng)時(shí)所處的狀態(tài)。答案：C5(2011南京第一次模擬)I hear you_at Smiths.Yes，I_there for about three months.Awork；had been workingBworked；was workingCare working；have been workingDworked；