高考英語語法專項動詞不定式

1、 is better than .在很多情況下，特別是在口語中，常在很多情況下，特別是在口語中，常采用先行采用先行it代替主語，而把不定式后置：代替主語，而把不定式后置： Its a great pleasure . It is not an easy thing .這種后置不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)也適這種后置不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)也適用于某些謂語動詞用于某些謂語動詞不是系動詞不是系動詞的句的句子，如：子，如： It took us five hours . It made us very angry .在感嘆句和疑問句中在感嘆句和疑問句中只能用只能用it作形式主語作形式主語What fun it is to ju

2、mp into a poor or lake in summer!How long did it take you to finish the work?不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語通?？稍诓欢ㄊ浇Y(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語通?？稍谔囟ǖ纳舷挛幕蚯榫爸锌闯?，也可以由特定的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由“ for + 名詞詞組名詞詞組” 來表示，如：來表示，如： It is not hard to do a bit of good. It was difficult to do the work. Its easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容我做這事太容易了易了easy, difficult,

3、 hard, important, possible, impossible, better, comfortable, necessary; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enoughIts so nice to hear your voice. 聽到你的聲音真高興。聽到你的聲音真高興。Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.當(dāng)你不當(dāng)你不用車的時候，鎖車是有必要的。用車的時候，鎖車是有必要的。某些形容詞在上述

4、結(jié)構(gòu)中作表語時，常某些形容詞在上述結(jié)構(gòu)中作表語時，常在不定式之前加上在不定式之前加上 “of + 名詞詞組名詞詞組” 來說明來說明不定式所指的是誰的情況，如：不定式所指的是誰的情況，如：Its kind to think so much of us.Its unwise to turn down the proposal.It was careless to make such a mistake. Its very kind of you to help us.他幫助我們，他真好。他幫助我們，他真好。Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, tho

5、ughtful, silly,thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的考慮周到的), selfish(自私的自私的)例句例句: It was silly of us to believe him.我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特常用于表示事物的特征特點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：等： Its very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來對

6、他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。 of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，的形容詞，如如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。Its very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我你來幫助我,你真是太好了。你真是太好了。for 與與of 的辨別方法：的辨別方法：用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個句詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個句子。如果道理上通順用子。如果道理上通順用of，不通，不通則用

7、則用for。如：如： You are nice.(通順，所通順，所以應(yīng)用以應(yīng)用of)。 He is hard.(人是困難的，人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用不通，因此應(yīng)用for1主語和表語都是不定式（其含義往往主語和表語都是不定式（其含義往往一是條件，一是結(jié)果），如：一是條件，一是結(jié)果），如： To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.這種句型不能用這種句型不能用It is to的句型的句型百聞不如一見。百聞不如一見。 To see

8、 is to believe. (對對) It is to believe to see. (錯錯) 2主語是以主語是以aim, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistake, plan, proposal, job, suggestion 等為中心詞的名詞詞組，或以等為中心詞的名詞詞組，或以 what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表示，后面的不定引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表示，后面的不定式說明主語內(nèi)容，如：式說明主語內(nèi)容，如： My idea is . Your mistake was . My suggestion is . What I would suggest is . ：在某

9、些句型中，當(dāng)主語部分有：在某些句型中，當(dāng)主語部分有動作動詞動作動詞時，作表語的不定式可時，作表語的不定式可以省略符號以省略符號 “”，如：，如： All we have to do is . The only thing I can do now is . All I could do was . All you have to do is (to )press the button.The only thing I can do is (to) give you as much help as I can.不定式還用在系動詞不定式還用在系動詞seem, appear, get, remain

10、等后作表語等后作表語1“”。這。這類動詞常見的有：類動詞常見的有：afford, agree, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, desire, expect, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, wish, want,like, hate, prefer, continue, try, start, forget, mean, begin, 等，例如：等，例如： Ive arranged . I didnt think / expect .to find you

11、here2“”。（這種不定式結(jié)構(gòu)接近。（這種不定式結(jié)構(gòu)接近一個名詞從句）。這類動詞常見的一個名詞從句）。這類動詞常見的有：有：tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, forget, inquire, know, explain, remember, see, understand, wonder 等。疑等。疑問詞（也稱連接代問詞（也稱連接代/副詞）有：副詞）有：what, where, who(m), when, how, whether, which（why 除外除外如：如： I dont know what

12、to do / where to go / who(m) to ask / when to stop / how to get there. I havent decided whether to sell it or not. We must find out what to do next / where to put it.I dont know what to do / where to go / who(m) to ask / when to stop / how to get there.I havent decided whether to sell it or not.We m

13、ust find out what to do next / where to put it.不定式即可作動詞的賓語也可作介不定式即可作動詞的賓語也可作介詞的賓語詞的賓語. 一般都是一般都是:介詞介詞+疑問詞疑問詞+不定式不定式.Im worrying about what to do next.Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.注：注：不定式結(jié)構(gòu)一般不可作介詞賓語不定式結(jié)構(gòu)一般不可作介詞賓語, 只只有在個別場合有在個別場合, 即在含有否定意義的帶有即在含有否定意義的帶有介詞介詞 except 或或 but (=e

14、xcept) 的結(jié)構(gòu)中才的結(jié)構(gòu)中才能這樣用，例如：能這樣用，例如： He seldom comes except . The child nothing except . She can anything but .需要注意的是需要注意的是,此句型中此句型中but/ except 前必須要前必須要有有實義動詞實義動詞do時時，but / except后的不定式后的不定式to才能省略，否則才能省略，否則to則不省則不省.我們用一句話概括就我們用一句話概括就是：是：有有dodo無無toto，有，有 toto無無dodo She has no choice but to wait for the n

15、ews. There was nothing she could do but cry. She didnt say anything but to cry. He had no choice but to wait. He could do nothing but wait.注：注：如果作賓語的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有如果作賓語的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有自己的補語，則應(yīng)使用先行自己的補語，則應(yīng)使用先行 it，把不定式后置，例如：把不定式后置，例如：I find it difficult to understand him.We thought it wrong not to help her.They found

16、it impossible to get everything ready in time.某些及物動詞：某些及物動詞：begin,start,like,love,hate,continue,prefer可用可用-ing也可用動詞不定式作賓語也可用動詞不定式作賓語I prefer to go to Paris by air.I prefer going to Paris by air.某些及物動詞：某些及物動詞：regret, forget, remember,try, go on, mean 等等可用可用-ing也可用動詞不定式作賓也可用動詞不定式作賓語，但表達的意思不同語，但表達的意思不同

17、I forget to bring my homework.I forget opening the windows.cease to do cease doingafraid to do afraid doing interested to dointerested doing及物動詞及物動詞want,need,require等，等，當(dāng)其主語是當(dāng)其主語是“物物”時，表示時，表示“需需要要”，常用動詞不定式的被動式，常用動詞不定式的被動式作賓語作賓語Your bedroom needs to be cleaned/ cleaning.1不定式作定語通常只能放在被修飾的不定式作定語通常只能放在被

18、修飾的名詞之后，如：名詞之后，如：He is not a man .Have you anything ?She usually has a lot of meetings in the evening.I want to get something during the vocation.當(dāng)名詞被當(dāng)名詞被the first ,the last以及以及the last, the only 等序數(shù)詞以及形容詞等序數(shù)詞以及形容詞最高級修飾時，常用不定式作定語，最高級修飾時，常用不定式作定語， 而不管動作是否已完成而不管動作是否已完成 He is the only person to know th

19、e truth. She is always the first to come and the last to leave.2能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語的動詞，轉(zhuǎn)化成能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語的動詞，轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞時往往也能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作定語，如：名詞時往往也能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作定語，如： I dont wish to quarrel with you. I have no wish to quarrel with you. They will attempt to cross the river tonight. They will make another attempt to cross the rive

20、r tonight. She promised not to do that again. She made a promise not to do that again.3.某些能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的形容詞，轉(zhuǎn)某些能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的形容詞，轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞時，也能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作定語，如：化成名詞時，也能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作定語，如： He was obviously anxious to go. His anxiety to go was obvious.4.有時為了明確不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯關(guān)系，可有時為了明確不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯關(guān)系，可以在不定式之前加上以在不定式之前加上for + 名詞詞組，如：名詞詞組

21、，如： Heres a book for you to read. He gave orders for the visitors to be shown in. 作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞往往作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞往往存在著兩種邏輯關(guān)系，即被修飾的名詞和代存在著兩種邏輯關(guān)系，即被修飾的名詞和代詞是不定式的邏輯主語或邏輯賓語詞是不定式的邏輯主語或邏輯賓語1.Alice is always the first student to come to school. (主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系) 2.The teacher gave me some English books to re

22、ad. (動賓關(guān)系動賓關(guān)系) 3.The meeting to take place here tomorrow is going to discuss the problem of pollution.(主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系) 4.Mr. Brown has a large family to support.(動賓關(guān)系動賓關(guān)系)5.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)與所修飾的名詞，有時意義上不定式結(jié)構(gòu)與所修飾的名詞，有時意義上有著主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系，如：有著主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系，如： He has a large family to support (= that he must support).注：處于動賓關(guān)系的情

23、況下，如果不定式是注：處于動賓關(guān)系的情況下，如果不定式是，它后面應(yīng)加上必要的，它后面應(yīng)加上必要的，如：，如：1.The nurse has five children to look .2.Lets first find a room to put the things .3.Please pass me some paper to write on.4.Theres nothing for us to worry about.5.She has a nice pen to write with. 6.He bought a flat for the family to live in. 7.

24、She has a lot of things to attend .當(dāng)句中有不定式的邏輯主語時，作當(dāng)句中有不定式的邏輯主語時，作定語的動詞不定式用主動形式表被定語的動詞不定式用主動形式表被動動I have got a lot of things to deal with.Have you got anything to eat?當(dāng)征求對方是否有事需請求者去做當(dāng)征求對方是否有事需請求者去做時，作定語的不定式一般要用被動時，作定語的不定式一般要用被動語態(tài)語態(tài)“Would you please have a letter to be typedto be typed, manager?” aske

25、d the office worker. 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可以作狀語，修飾動詞、形容不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可以作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等，表示詞、副詞等，表示等。等。 They ran over . He bought a bicycle . He went home .不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表示目的時，通常句不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表示目的時，通常句子的主語就是它的邏輯主語子的主語就是它的邏輯主語(參見以上三參見以上三句句)，但也有例外的情況，例如：，但也有例外的情況，例如： I stopped for him to speak to me. He opened the door for the children to come

26、 in. He brought a porter to carry the boxes / bags. They sent a man to mend the window. He stood up to be seen better.為了強調(diào)表示目的的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，特為了強調(diào)表示目的的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是在不定式結(jié)構(gòu)前有否定詞別是在不定式結(jié)構(gòu)前有否定詞 not 時，通常時，通常可以在不定式符號可以在不定式符號 to 之前加上之前加上 in order 或或 so as，如：，如： He came here to see Charlie. He shouted and waved to be no

27、ticed. He went early not to miss the train. I turned the radio down not to disturb him.表示目的的不定式可以置于句首，表示目的的不定式可以置于句首，這也是區(qū)別于其他功能的標(biāo)志之一。但這也是區(qū)別于其他功能的標(biāo)志之一。但是，置于句首表示目的的不定式之前可是，置于句首表示目的的不定式之前可以加上以加上in order，但卻不可以加上，但卻不可以加上so as ，如：如： To draw maps properly, you need a special pen. To get the best results, u

28、se clean water. What have I said to make you so angry?He came round to find himself in hospital. Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time? Im not such a fool as to believe that. The boy is old enough to go to school.表示目的；它的否定式是表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。 Tom kept quiet abou

29、t the accident so as not to lose his job. 湯姆對事故保持沉默是為了不丟掉他的湯姆對事故保持沉默是為了不丟掉他的工作。工作。 Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.輕點進去，別驚醒了嬰兒。輕點進去，別驚醒了嬰兒。so kind as to -勞駕勞駕 Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 勞駕，現(xiàn)在幾點了。勞駕，現(xiàn)在幾點了。His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. The child is too

30、 young to dress himself. She is too anxious to know the rusults. (ready/easy/eager/glad to)I shall be only too pleased to get home. (= I shall be very pleased to get home.) 下列句子中的不表示結(jié)果，下列句子中的不表示結(jié)果，也無否定含義：也無否定含義： Im only too glad to go. (= Im very glad to go.) 如在如在too前有否定詞，則整個句子用否前有否定詞，則整個句子用否定詞表達肯定，

31、定詞表達肯定， too 后那個詞表達一后那個詞表達一種委婉含義，意為種委婉含義，意為“不太不太”。 Its never too late to mend.(諺語諺語) 改改過不嫌晚。過不嫌晚。 當(dāng)當(dāng)too 前面有前面有only, all, but時，意思是：時，意思是：非常非常 等于等于very。 Im (only) too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高興能幫助你。我非常高興能幫助你。 He was (but) too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。他非常想回家。有時，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)還能表示一有時，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)還能表示一個隨后發(fā)生的動

32、作，相當(dāng)于一個并個隨后發(fā)生的動作，相當(dāng)于一個并列限定動詞詞組，這種不定式結(jié)構(gòu)列限定動詞詞組，這種不定式結(jié)構(gòu)也表示結(jié)果，如：也表示結(jié)果，如： She woke early . He got home . 這種表示結(jié)果的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)具有下這種表示結(jié)果的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)具有下列幾個特點：列幾個特點： 不定式所表示的動作是隨后發(fā)生不定式所表示的動作是隨后發(fā)生的，相當(dāng)于一個限定動詞詞組，如：的，相當(dāng)于一個限定動詞詞組，如： He arrived late to find the others had gone home. 不定式根據(jù)是否需要停頓而決定與主句不定式根據(jù)是否需要停頓而決定與主句是否用逗號隔開。是否用

33、逗號隔開。 He left his native country (,) never to return. He returned home (,) to find his father lying sick in bed. 不定式所表示的結(jié)果往往含有不定式所表示的結(jié)果往往含有“令人意想令人意想不到不到”的意味，其中以的意味，其中以“使人不愉快的結(jié)果使人不愉快的結(jié)果”較為常見。（有時也可以表示令人愉快、驚較為常見。（有時也可以表示令人愉快、驚喜的結(jié)果），如：喜的結(jié)果），如： He went home . 不定式之前有時可以加上不定式之前有時可以加上only或或but only，以加強語氣，如：

34、以加強語氣，如： He got to the station only to be told the train had gone. They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.注：不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表示結(jié)果或表示目的，往往注：不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表示結(jié)果或表示目的，往往形式相似，這時，須根據(jù)詞匯意義認真加以形式相似，這時，須根據(jù)詞匯意義認真加以區(qū)別，試比較：區(qū)別，試比較： He arrived late to find the others had gone home. ( = He arrived late and found the other

35、s had gone home.)only to (表示未曾料到的結(jié)果）表示未曾料到的結(jié)果） I hurried to the post office ,only _ it was closed . find B.to findA.C. finding D.to be foundHe arrived late to avoid meeting Robert. ( = He arrived late in order to avoid meeting Robert.) He got to the station only to be told the train had gone. He wen

36、t to the station to inquire about the times of trains. ( = He went to the station in order to inquire about the times of trains.) She swept to hear the news. I pretend to be happy to know him. He laughed to see such fun. She seemed surprised to meet us. Dont force yourself when you have nothing to s

37、ay. He believed the earth . Did you see a young man ? 表示表示“希望希望”“”“愿望愿望”等心理狀態(tài)的動詞，等心理狀態(tài)的動詞，如：如：wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, encourage, trust 等。等。 What do you desire me ? The director preferred her . 含有含有“讓讓”“”“允許允許”“”“促使促使”“”“致使致使”等祈使意義的動詞，如：等祈使意義的動詞，如：let, allow, permit, decide, mean, lead, b

38、ring, put, hurry, cause, 等。等。 We mustnt let this . His father put him . 帶有帶有“請求請求”“”“懇求懇求”等感情色彩的動詞，等感情色彩的動詞，如：如：ask, desire, invite, beg, request, worry 等。等。 He begged me . She was always worrying her father . 含有含有“建議建議”“”“勸告勸告”等意等意義的動詞，如：義的動詞，如：advise, persuade, call on, urge 等。等。 He urged us . The

39、 dentist advised me . 其他還有：其他還有：help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for, train, depend on 等。等。 He promised to teach me . We should train them . We are waiting for the train . 含有含有“命令命令”“”“強迫強迫”“”“禁止禁止”等意義的動詞，如：等意義的動詞，如：order, command, require, charge, tell, make, oblige, force, drive, forb

40、id, warn 等。等。 He required us . The doctor ordered him . I warn you . Did you see anyone ? Dont imagine yourself . We find him . He set the boys . Ill leave him .有些動詞用有些動詞用與用與用作賓語補作賓語補足語，所表達的意義是有差別的。一般說來，用足語，所表達的意義是有差別的。一般說來，用不定式表示一次性動作或動作的完成（即全過不定式表示一次性動作或動作的完成（即全過程）；而用現(xiàn)在分詞則表示動作正在進行，即：程）；而用現(xiàn)在分詞則表示動作

41、正在進行，即：謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生時，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生時，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作正在進行，如：的動作正在進行，如： Did you see anyone enter the house? He saw his father talking with his teacher. I once heard him sing this song. She heard Mr. White singing in the next room. He observed someone open the door. I watched them get into the car. Did

42、 you notice him leave the room?如：如： He felt them to be right. Did you feel the earth shake?如：如： Do you often help your mother (to) do the housework?需要注意需要注意have, make的用法的用法：have, make 用做使役用做使役動詞，表動詞，表“讓，使，允許讓，使，允許”等意，其后的不定式作賓補時，等意，其后的不定式作賓補時，才可省才可省to如果用作一般實義動詞，如果用作一般實義動詞，have表示表示“有有”，make表示表示“制造制造”，

43、“做做”等意義，且后面的不定式作等意義，且后面的不定式作目的狀語，定語等時，不定式符號目的狀語，定語等時，不定式符號to不能省不能省I wont have him cheat me.“允許允許”I have a lot of work to do.“有有”His story made us laugh.“使使”Father made a kite for his son to fly.“做做”學(xué)會記憶學(xué)會記憶:作賓補不帶作賓補不帶to.一感：一感： feel+sb.+do sth.二聽：二聽：Hear, listen to三使役：三使役：Let make have五看：五看：See watch

44、 look at observe notice總結(jié)總結(jié):省省to 的不定式的不定式 1） 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 ( 除除ought 外，外，ought to)： 2） 使役動詞使役動詞 let, have, make： 3） 感官動詞感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后等后作賓補作賓補,省略省略to。4） would rather，had better5） Why / why not：6） help 可帶可帶to，也可不帶，也可不帶to, help sb (to) do s

45、th：7） but和和except：but前是前是動詞動詞do時，后面出現(xiàn)的動詞時，后面出現(xiàn)的動詞用不帶用不帶to的動詞不定式。的動詞不定式。 8） 由由and, or和和than連接的兩個連接的兩個不定式，第二個不定式，第二個to 可以省去：可以省去： He wants to move to France and marry the girl. 9） 通常在通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等等詞后，可以省去詞后，可以省去to be： He is supposed (to be) nice.他他應(yīng)該是個好人。應(yīng)該是個好人?！癢hy

46、 not +動詞原形動詞原形”表達向某人提出表達向某人提出建議，翻譯為：建議，翻譯為：“為什么不為什么不?” “干干嗎不嗎不?”Why not take a holiday?干嗎不去度假干嗎不去度假?典型例題典型例題- I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try going B.trying to go C.to try and goD.try going如：如： The boss made them from morning till night. They were made from mo

47、rning till night. He was seen to take away your dictionary.Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning B指出下列句中不定式的作用指出下列句中不定式的作用Its important to learn how to use the computer。The important thing is to save time。 The purpose of the project is to hel

48、p the poor children in the country。The workers demanded to get better pay。I found it necessary to talk to him again。The next plane to arrive is from New York.He is always the first to come and the last to leave the officeI need a pen to write with.They have a large house to live in.I stayed there to

49、 see what would happen.The tea is too hot to drink.I am sorry to hear that.To see is to believe. It is easy to learn English well if you treat it as your good friend. I hope to be admitted to Cambridge University.I saw the bearded man leave the station a moment ago.We had excepted our team to win th

50、e game.His greatest wish was to be a famous inventor.There is no time to lose.I have two eggs every day to keep fit.I hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.He showed me how to use the new machine.特殊用法特殊用法to 有兩種用法：有兩種用法： 1不定式不定式to+動詞原形動詞原形;2介詞介詞to+名詞名詞/動名詞動名詞; 下面的用法中是用作介詞的下面的用法中是用作介

51、詞的to ，即，即to+ 名詞名詞/動名詞：動名詞：1.admit to承認，承認，2.confess to承認，承認，3.be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于，習(xí)慣于，4. be used to 習(xí)慣于，習(xí)慣于， 5.stick to 堅持，堅持，6.turn to開始，著手于，開始，著手于，7. devote oneself to 獻身于，獻身于，8.be devoted to 致力于，致力于，9.look forward to 盼望，盼望，10.pay attention to 注意注意Find 的特殊用法：的特殊用法： Find 后可用分詞做賓后可用分詞做賓補，或先加形式賓語，再加

52、形容詞，最后補，或先加形式賓語，再加形容詞，最后加帶加帶to 的動詞不定式。的動詞不定式。find后也可帶一個后也可帶一個從句。從句。此類動詞還有此類動詞還有g(shù)et，have。I found that to learn English is important.I found him fall to the ground.I found it important to learn. 典型例題典型例題:The next morning she found the man _ in bed，dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying用用to + be 做補語的動詞

53、。做補語的動詞。Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(聲稱聲稱),discover, fancy(設(shè)想設(shè)想), feel, find, guess, judge, imagine,know, prove, see(理解理解), show, suppose, take(以為以為),understand We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our classCharles Babbage is generally considered_ the first computer.A.

54、 to inventB. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented to be +形容詞形容詞Seem, appear,be said,be supposed, be believed,be thought,be known, be reported,hope, wish, desire,want, plan, expect, meanThe book is believed to be uninteresting. 人們認為這本人們認為這本書沒什么意思。書沒什么意思。there be+不定式不定式believe, expect, int

55、end, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, understandWe didnt expect there to be so many people there.我們沒料到會我們沒料到會有有那么多人在哪那么多人在哪里。里。注意注意 ： 有些動詞需用有些動詞需用as 短語做補語，如短語做補語，如regard, think believe, take, consider.We regard Tom as our best teacher.我們認為湯姆是我們最好的老師。我們認為湯姆是我們最好的老師。例如：例如：Who heard him say that?

56、They invited us to go there this summer. 如果不定式所表示的動作在謂語所如果不定式所表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，這個不定式就要表示的動作之前發(fā)生，這個不定式就要用用，如：，如： Im glad to have seen your mother. 1構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，如：構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，如：He is said to have written a new book about workers.(It is said that he has written a new book about workers.)The enemy was reported

57、to have surrendered.(It was reported that the enemy had surrendered.)She seemed to have heard about it already.(It seemed that she had already heard about it.)2在某些作表語用的形容詞后作狀語，如：在某些作表語用的形容詞后作狀語，如： You are lucky to have got tickets to the concert. (=You are lucky that you have got tickets to the conc

58、ert.) Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. (=Im sorry I have given you so much trouble.)3在某些動詞后作賓語，如：在某些動詞后作賓語，如： He pretended not to have seen me. I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.4有時還可以作主語、定語或構(gòu)成有時還可以作主語、定語或構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，如：復(fù)合賓語，如： It was a great satisfaction to have revisite

59、d our native village. So you are the one to have cleaned all these rooms.（定語）（定語） They thought it a pity not to have invited her.（復(fù)合賓語）（復(fù)合賓語） She felt it an honour to have taken part in the work.復(fù)合賓語）復(fù)合賓語） 1構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，如：構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，如： They are said to be building another bridge across the river. They seem to

60、 be getting along quite well. I happened to be going that way too.2在某些動詞后構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，如：在某些動詞后構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，如： We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here.3在某些動詞后作賓語，如：在某些動詞后作賓語，如： He pretended to be listening attentively.4有時可以作主語或狀語，如：有時可以作主語或狀語，如： I am glad to be working with you. (狀語狀語) Its nice of you to b