國(guó)際商法必要性拓展

1、課堂加油站 fightingAmy JiangLegal EnglishRescind the contract Rescind the contract 撤銷撤銷合同合同 Force Force majeure majeure 不可抗力不可抗力Expectation interest Expectation interest 期待期待利益利益Reliance interest Reliance interest 信賴信賴?yán)胬鍾estitution interest 返還利益Plaintiff / claimant 原告Defendant 被告Fundamental breach 根本違約

2、Anticipation of a fundamental breach 預(yù)期違約suspension of performance 中止履行Legal EnglishCivil law/ continental Civil law/ continental law law 大陸法大陸法Case law/common law Case law/common law 英美法英美法Negotiable instrumentsNegotiable instruments 票據(jù)票據(jù)International treatyInternational treaty 國(guó)際條約國(guó)際條約Public law P

3、ublic law 公法公法Private law 私法Offer 要約Counteroffer 反要約Invitation offer 要約邀請(qǐng)Validity 效力Lapse of offer Lapse of offer 要約失效要約失效Revocation of offer Revocation of offer 要約撤銷要約撤銷Withdrawal of offer Withdrawal of offer 要約撤回要約撤回Acceptance Acceptance 接受接受/ /承諾承諾Mitigate damages Mitigate damages 降低損失降低損失Compel

4、specific performance 要求實(shí)際履行Aggrieved party 利益受損方Suspension of performance 中止履行Anticipation of a fundamental interest 預(yù)期違約Be entitled to 對(duì)某事享有權(quán)利Legal EnglishDissolutionDissolution解散解散Co-ownership Co-ownership 共同管理共同管理Joint contribution Joint contribution 共同出資共同出資Unlimited liability Unlimited liabilit

5、y 無(wú)限責(zé)任無(wú)限責(zé)任Share profits Share profits 共享盈利共享盈利Share Share risks risks 共擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)共擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Good faithGood faith誠(chéng)實(shí)誠(chéng)實(shí)信用信用GroundsGrounds基基礎(chǔ)礎(chǔ)，理由（法律英，理由（法律英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)中以復(fù)中以復(fù)數(shù)形式出數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)）Judicial decreeJudicial decree法庭判決法庭判決Partnership agreementPartnership agreement合伙合伙協(xié)議協(xié)議Wind upWind up清算清算LiquidatorLiquidator清算清算人人an inventor

6、y of the property財(cái)產(chǎn)清單ProceedingsProceedings訴訟訴訟claims and debts 債權(quán)和債務(wù)residual property剩余財(cái)產(chǎn)Arbitrations仲裁a statement of assets and liabilities資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表AgencyAgency代理代理PrincipalPrincipal被代理人被代理人the third partythe third party第三人第三人Fiduciary dutyFiduciary duty誠(chéng)信義務(wù)誠(chéng)信義務(wù)ConfidentialityConfidentiality保密保密 obedi

7、enceobedience遵守遵守Double-agent prohibitionDouble-agent prohibition禁止雙向代理原則禁止雙向代理原則Contingent compensationContingent compensation權(quán)變報(bào)酬權(quán)變報(bào)酬P(guān)rocuring causeProcuring cause引致原因引致原因Reimburse / indemnify Reimburse / indemnify 補(bǔ)償、賠償補(bǔ)償、賠償Direct representationDirect representation直接代理直接代理Indirect representation

8、Indirect representation間接代理間接代理Disclosed principalDisclosed principal顯名代理顯名代理Undisclosed principalUndisclosed principal隱名代理隱名代理Primary factorPrimary factor首要原因首要原因ShareholderShareholder股東股東PromoterPromoter發(fā)起人發(fā)起人Limited liabilityLimited liability有限責(zé)任有限責(zé)任Common stockCommon stock股票股票Debt securityDebt s

9、ecurity債券債券Piercing the corporate veilPiercing the corporate veil揭開公司神秘面紗揭開公司神秘面紗DividendDividend分紅分紅Limited liability Limited liability companycompany有限責(zé)任公司有限責(zé)任公司Legal personLegal person法人法人Registered capitalRegistered capital注冊(cè)注冊(cè)資本資本Legal representativeLegal representative法定代表人法定代表人DirectorDirecto

10、r董事董事SupervisorSupervisor監(jiān)事監(jiān)事BranchBranch分公司分公司Subsidiary company Subsidiary company 子公司子公司joint stock limited joint stock limited companycompany股份有限公司股份有限公司Normal sentence pattern in legal English1. otherwiseotherwise 根據(jù)其搭配主要有如下釋義：除.之外其他在法律英語(yǔ)中，otherwise常和unless連用，或置放在or后使用。還有一種用法是和than一起，常用來(lái)否定句子主語(yǔ)。

11、 Otherwise Otherwise 與與 unless unless 的搭配，表示除外的搭配，表示除外In this contract, unless the context otherwise requires, In this contract, unless the context otherwise requires, “goods”means“goods”means . .在本協(xié)議所稱貨物，除條款另有規(guī)定外，是指在本協(xié)議所稱貨物，除條款另有規(guī)定外，是指.Unless in any enactment it is otherwise provided.Unless in any

12、enactment it is otherwise provided.除成文除成文法另有規(guī)定外法另有規(guī)定外由此可見，在由此可見，在otherwise otherwise 和和unlessunless搭配使用時(shí)，搭配使用時(shí)，unlessunless可以可以放在句首，組成放在句首，組成 unless+unless+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+otherwise+otherwise+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)Otherwise 和 or 連用，表示“及其他”的意思。Eg: an offer may not be revoked if it expressly indicates, whether by stating a fixed

13、time for acceptance or otherwise, that it is irrevocable. 要約人確定了承諾期限，或者以其他方式明示要約不可撤銷的，要約不可撤銷。Otherwise 和 than 連用，表示“除 方式之外”Eg: no will shall berevoked otherwise than: 除以下方式外，任何遺囑不得撤銷2.subject to2.subject to該短語(yǔ)在法律英文中一般都跟agreement，section，contract等法律文件名或文件中特定條款名配合使用。通?？煞g成“以為條件”、“根據(jù)規(guī)定”、“在符合的情況下以及“在不抵觸

14、下等。例如：Eg: The terms and conditions shall subject to our final confirmation. 條約和約定應(yīng)當(dāng)以我方最終確認(rèn)為準(zhǔn)。Eg: Subject to this section, the payment shall be根據(jù)本條規(guī)定，支付應(yīng)當(dāng)以3.where 3.where 引導(dǎo)的條件從句，相當(dāng)于引導(dǎo)的條件從句，相當(dāng)于 in the case in the case where, where, 意為：意為： 凡凡.Eg: where a defendant is fined and the same is not forthwith paid, the magistrate may order the defendant to be searched. 凡被告人被判處罰款，但沒有隨即繳納罰款的，裁判官可命令搜查被告人。Eg: where a person stated in the preceding paragraph,凡前款所規(guī)定的人員4. for the purpose of 4. for the purpose of 為了為了. .目的目的Eg: