新目標(biāo)英語八上知識點歸納

1、 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 短語：go on vacation stay at home go to the mountains go to the beachvisit museums go to summer camp quite a few +復(fù)數(shù) study for testsgo out most of the time taste good have a good time=have fun=enjoy oneselfof course feel like go shopping in the past walk aroundtoo

2、many +復(fù)數(shù) 太多Too much+不可數(shù) 太多 because of+名/代/doing one bowl of find out Walk up to 往上走take photos something important up and down come up Buy nothing1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 為某人買某物2. taste + adj. 嘗起來3. nothing .but + V.(原形) 除了之外什么都沒有4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起來5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方

3、 到達某地6. decide to do sth. 決定做某事7. try doing sth. 嘗試做某事 / try to do sth. 盡力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 開始做某事11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事12. look + adj 看起來13. dislike doing sth. 不喜歡做某事14. Why not do sth. 為什么不做.呢？15. so + adj + that + 從句 如此以至于16. tell sb. (not)

4、 to do sth. 告訴某人（不要） 做某事17. keep doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事18. forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘記做過某事詞語辨析：1.anywhere 與 somewhere 兩者都是不定副詞。anywhere 在任何地方 ， 常用于否定句和疑問句中。I cant find it anywhere.somewhere 在某處，到某處，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here.2. seem + 形容詞 看起來. You seem happy today.seem +

5、to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold I seems / seemed + 從句 看起來好像；似乎. It seems that no one believe you. seem like .好像，似乎. It seems like a god idea. 3. decide to do sth.決定做某事 They decide to visit the museum.decide + 疑問詞 + 動詞不定式 He can not decide when to leave.4. start doing sth = start to do sth.

6、 開始，可與begin 互換 。He started doing his homework.但以下幾種情況不能用begin .1)創(chuàng)辦，開辦： He started a new bllkshop last month.2)機器開動： I cant start my car.3)出發(fā)，動身： I will start tomorrow morning.5. over 介詞，多于，超過，在以上（表示數(shù)目、程度）= more thanMy father is over 40 years old.在之上，與物體垂直且不接觸，與 under 相反。 There is a map over the bla

7、ckboard.超過： I hear the news over the radio. 遍及： I want to travel all over the world.6. too many 太多，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much 太多，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，修飾動詞作狀語。 We have too much work to do. Dont talk too much.much too 太，修飾形容詞或副詞。 The hat is much too big for me. Youre walking much too

8、fast.分辨三者的口訣： too much, much too, 用法區(qū)別看后頭： much 后接不可數(shù)， too 后修飾形或副。too many 要記住，后面名詞必復(fù)數(shù)。7. because of 介詞短語，因為，由于，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞，不能接句子。He cant take a walk because of the rain.because 連詞，因為，引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表示直接明確的原因或理由。I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive.Unit 2 How often do you exercise?短語help with h

9、ousework go shopping on weekends how often hardly everonce a week twice a month go to the movies every day use the Internetbe free have dance and piano lessons swing dance play tennis stay up lateat least go to bed early play sports be good for go campingin ones free time not.at all the most popular

10、 such as go to the dentistmore than old habits the hard less than 語法要點：What do you usually do on weekends? I always exercise.What do they do on weekends? They often help with housework.What does she do on weekends? She sometimes goes shopping.How often do you go to the movies? I go to the movies may

11、be once a month.How often does he watch TV? He hardly ever watches TV.Do you go shopping? No, I never go shopping.慣用法：1. help sb. with sth 幫助某人做某事2. How about? .怎么樣？/ .好不好？3. want sb. to do sth. 想讓某人做某事4. How many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ 一般疑問句 .有多少.5. 主語+ find+ that 從句 發(fā)現(xiàn)6. Its + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是.的7. spend t

12、ime with sb. 和某人一起度過時光8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人詢問某事9. by doing sth. 通過做某事10. Whats your favorite.? 你最喜歡的是什么？11 start doing sth. 開始做某事12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式詞語辨析：1. how often 多久一次，用來提問動作發(fā)生的頻率。回答用：once，tw ice, three times 等詞語。How often do you play sports? Three times a week.how long 多長，用來

13、詢問多長時間，也可詢問某物有多長。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?how for 多遠， 用來詢問距離，指路程的遠近。 How far is it from here to the park? Its about 2 kilometers.2.free 空閑的，有空的， 反義詞為 busy. be free 有空，閑著，相當(dāng)于 have time.Ill be free next week. = Ill have time next week. 還可作“免費的、自由的”解。be

14、free to do sth. 自由地做某事。The tickets are free. Youre free to go or to stay.3.How come？ 怎么會？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有點想不通；可單獨使用，也可引導(dǎo)一個問句， 相當(dāng)于疑問句 why, 但 how come 開頭的特殊疑問句使用的仍然是陳述語序。How come Tom didnt come to the party? = Why didnt Tom come to the party?4.stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，遲睡”。 Dont stay up late next time. st

15、ay up 指“熬夜，不睡覺”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.5.go to bed 強調(diào)“上床睡覺”的動作及過程，但人不一定睡著。I went to bed at eleven last night.go to sleep 強調(diào)“入睡，睡著，進入夢鄉(xiāng)”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.6.find + 賓語 +名詞, 發(fā)現(xiàn) ： We have found him (to be) a good boy.find + 賓語 + 形容詞， 發(fā)現(xiàn)： He found the room

16、dirty.find + 賓語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞， 發(fā)現(xiàn) ： I found her standing at the door.7.percent 百分?jǐn)?shù)， 基數(shù)詞 + percent： percent 沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語時，根據(jù)所修飾的名詞來判斷謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)。 Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed.8.more than 超過，多于，不僅僅， 相當(dāng)于 over. 在句型轉(zhuǎn)換中考查兩者的同義替換。反義詞組為：less than. I lived in Shanghai

17、 for more than / over ten years.9. afraid 形容詞， 擔(dān)心的，害怕的，在句中作表語，不用在名詞前作定語。Im afraid we cant come here on time. be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。Some children are afraid of the dark. Dont be afraid of asking question.Im afraid + 從句， 恐怕， 擔(dān)心： Im afraid I have to go now.10. s

18、ometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的區(qū)別：sometimes 頻度副詞， 有時。表示動作發(fā)生的不經(jīng)常性，多與一般現(xiàn)在時連用，可位于句首、句中或句末。Sometimes I get up very early. -How often do you get up?sometime 副詞，某個時候。 表示不確切或不具體的時間，常用于過去時或?qū)頃r，對它用疑問詞when.I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. -When will you go to Shanghai next week?some tim

19、es 名詞詞組， 幾次，幾倍。其中time 是可數(shù)名詞，對它提問用how many times.I have read the story some times. -How many times have you read the story?some time 名詞短語， 一段時間. 表示“一段時間”時，句中謂語動詞常為延續(xù)性動詞，提問時用 How long.I ll stay here for some time. -How long will you stay here?Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister短語歸納：1. more outgoing

20、 2. as.as.3. the singing competition 4. the most important5. be talented in music 6. the same as7. care about 8. be different from9. be like a mirror 10. as long as11. bring out 12. get better grade13. reach for 14. touch ones heart15. in fact 16. make friends17. be good at 18. the other19. be simil

21、ar to 20. be good with短語用法：1. have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的樂趣2. want to do sth. 想要做某事3. as + 形容詞或副詞的原級 + as 與一樣4. be good at doing sth 擅長做某事5. make sb. Do sth. 讓某人做某事6. Its+ 形容詞 + for sb. To do sth. 對某人來說，做某事是的語法知識：Is Tom smarter than Sam? No,he isnt. Sam is smarter than Tom.Is Tara more outgoing than

22、Tina? No, she isnt. Tina is more outgoing than Tara.Are you a friendly as your sister? No, Im not. Im friendlier.Does Tara work as hard as Tina? Yes, she does.Whos more hardworking at school? Tina thinks she works harder than me.詞語辨析：laugh v. & n. 笑We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她說了個笑話，

23、我們都大聲笑起來。We all laughed at his joke. 聽了他的笑話我們都笑起來。He laughs best who laughs last. 誰笑在最后，誰笑得最好。/不要高興得太早。（與at連用）嘲笑Dont laugh at him. 別嘲笑他。People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人們常常嘲笑海員所講的故事。Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那種愚蠢的滑稽動作。笑；笑聲 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我們被他

24、的笑話逗得哈哈大笑。though conj. 雖然；縱然；即使；盡管 = althoughThough it was raining，he went there. 雖然當(dāng)時正下著雨，他還是到那里去了。Though he was poor he was happy. 雖然他很窮卻很快樂。注意：不能受漢語的影響，在though引導(dǎo)的從句后使用but。如：Though he was poor，but he was happy.（誤）though adv. 不過，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗號隔開。Jim said that he would come, he didnt , though. 語法講解

25、：形容詞與副詞的比較級大多數(shù)形容詞（性質(zhì)形容詞）和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，即原級、比較級和最高級，用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形，比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。1規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，加詞尾-er，-est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。構(gòu)成法原級比較級最高級一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加-er，-esttall（高的）great（巨大的）tallergreatertallestgreatest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r，-stnice（好的）large（大的）nicerlargernicestlargest以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞

26、，雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母，再加-er，-estbig（大的）hot（熱的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest“以輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，改y為i，再加-er， -esteasy（容易的）busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少數(shù)以-er，-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞末尾加-er，-estclever（聰明的）narrow（窄的）cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more，most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級important（重要的）easily（容易地）more importantmore e

27、asilymost importantmost easily2不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good（好的）well（健康的）betterbestbad（壞的）ill（有病的）worseworstold（老的）older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many（多的）moremostlittle（少的）lessleastfar（遠的）farther/furtherfarthest/furthest Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater句型：1.It has the biggest screens.2.The DJs choose songs the

28、 most carefuuly.3.How do you like it so far? 到目前為止，你認(rèn)為它怎么樣？4.Thanks forget telling me.5.Can I ask you some questions?短語：so far 到目前為止，迄今為止 no problem 沒什么，別客氣have.in common 有相同特征（想法、興趣等方面）相同 be up to 是.的職責(zé)all kinds of . 各種各樣的 play a role 發(fā)揮作用，有影響make up 編造（故事、謊言等） for example 例如take .seriously 認(rèn)真對待 no

29、t everybody 并不是每個人close to 離.近 more and more 越來越常用法：Can I ask you some. How do you like. 你認(rèn)為怎么樣Thanks fpr doing sth.What do you think of .much + 形容詞或副詞比較級 .得多watch sb do sth 觀看某人做某事play a role in doing sth. 發(fā)揮做某事的作用one of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) .之一語法：Whats the best movie theater to go to ? Town Cinema. Its the clo

30、sest to home. And you can buy tickets the most quickly there?Which is the worst clothes store in town? Dream Clothes. Its worse than Blue Moon. It has the worst service.What do you think of 970 AM? I think 970 AM is pretty bad. It has worst music.Unite 5 Do you want to a game show?短語：find out be rea

31、dy to dress up take sb. place do a good job think of game show learn from talk show soap operago on watch a movie one of. watch a movie try ones best a pair of as famous as look like around the world have a discussion about one day such as a symbol of something enjoyable interesting information句型：-W

32、hat do you think of talk shows?-I dont mind them.I hope to be a TV reporter one day.How about you?常用法：let sb. do sth. plan to do sth.hope to do sth. happen to do sth.expect to do sth. How about doingbe ready to do sth. try ones best to do sth.語法：Do you want to watch the news? Yes, I do . / No, I don

33、t.What can you plan to watch tonight? I plan to watch Days of Our Past.What do you expect to learn from sitcoms? You can learn some great jokes.Why do you like watching the news? Because I hope to find out whats going on around the world.What do you think of talk shows? I dont mind them./ I cant sta

34、nd them!/ I love watching them!1.the other, the others, other, others,another 辨析the other 表示特指兩個或者兩部份中的另一個或另一部分，可直接單數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞。表示兩個中的一個另一個時，常用one the other。例：He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are

35、 boys.the others 特指某一范圍內(nèi)的其他的（人或物），是the other的復(fù)數(shù)形式，相當(dāng)于the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞。the other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 = any other + 名詞單數(shù)。例：You two stay here, the others go with me. Im different from Jeff because Im louder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class.other 作代詞或形容詞，可修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。例：We learn Chinese, Maths, English a

36、nd other subjects.others 作代詞，泛指“其他的人或物”。 例：Some students are doing homework,others are talking loudly.another 泛指同類事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一個”，只能代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。例：I dont like this one. Please show me another one. 3.find out 查明，弄清楚，find 找到 Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.4. go on 發(fā)生，與 take place 同

37、義I wonder what was going on. 翻譯：隔壁發(fā)生了什么？ ？5.happen v.發(fā)生，一般指偶然發(fā)生，主語為事，不能為人。Sth + happens to sb. A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday.Sth + happens + 地點/時間，意為：某地/某時發(fā)生了某事An accident happened on Park Street.happen v，表示“碰巧”，主語可以是人，后常跟動詞不定式to,表示“碰巧”.Sb + happens to do sth.I happened

38、to see my uncle on the street.* take place 意為“發(fā)生，舉行，舉辦”，一般指非偶然性事件的“發(fā)生”，即這種事件的發(fā)生一定有某種原因或事先的安排。例：Great changes have taken place in China.The meeting will take place next Friday.6.expect v. 期待，盼望，預(yù)期，后常接四種結(jié)構(gòu)：1)expect + 名詞/代詞，期待某事/某人，預(yù)計可能發(fā)生。Im expecting Li Lins letter.2)expect to do sth. 預(yù)計做某事Lily expect

39、s to come back next week.3)expect sb. to do sth.I expect my mother to come back early.4)expect + 從句 預(yù)計I expected that Ill come back next Monday.7. serious a. 嚴(yán)肅的，認(rèn)真的。 He is a serious man.be serious about sb/sth. 對某人/某事當(dāng)真Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her.be serious about do

40、ing sth. 對某事當(dāng)真 _Hes serious about selling his house. Unit 6 Im going to study computer science短語：grow up every day be sure about make sure sendtobe able to the meaning of different kinds of the meaning ofin common at the beginning of write down have to do withtake up hardly ever tooto短語用法：want to do

41、 sth. be going to + 動詞原形practice doing sth. keep on doing sth.learn to do sth. finish doing sthpromise to do sth. help sb. to do sth.remember to do sth. agree to do sth.love to do sth.be going to 的用法 1）be going to + 動詞原形表示將來的打算、計劃或安排。常與表示將來的tomorrow, next year等時間狀語或when 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句連用。各種句式變換都借助be 動詞完成，

42、be隨主語有am, is, are 的變換，going to 后接動詞原形?？隙ň洌?主語 + be going to + 動詞原形 + 其他。He is going to take the bus there.否定句： 主語 + be not going to + 動詞原形 + 其他 Im not going to see my friends this weekend.一般疑問句： Be + 主語 + going to + 動詞原形 + 其他肯定回答： Yes, 主語 + be. 否定回答： No, 主語 + be not.Are you going to see your friends

43、 this weekend? Yes ,I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑問句： 疑問詞 + be + 主語 + going to + 動詞原形 + 其他？What is he going to do this weekend? When are you going to see your friends?2) 如果表示計劃去某地，可直接用 be going to + 地點We are going to Beijing for a holiday.3) 表示位置移動的動詞，如go , come, leave 等常用進行時表示將來。The bus is coming. My aunt

44、is leaving for Beijing next week.4) be going to 與 will 的區(qū)別：Be going to與will兩者都可表示將要發(fā)生的事、將要去做某事，但它們有如下幾點區(qū)別：1.begoingto表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情，will表示的將來時間則較遠一些，如：Heisgoingtowritealettertonight.Hewillwriteabookoneday.2.begoingto表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來肯定發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上將來勢必發(fā)生的事情。Heisseriouslyill.Heisgoingtodie.Hewillbetwentyy

45、earsold.3.begoingto含有“計劃，準(zhǔn)備”的意思，而will則沒有這個意思，如：Sheisgoingtolendusherbook.Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.4.在有條件從句的主句中，一般不用begoingto,而多用will,如：Ifanybeastscomesatyou,Illstaywithyouandhelpyou.在下列情況下用will:1.根據(jù)說話者的見解和觀點對未來作出預(yù)言時IthinkSmileywillmakeagoodfootballer.SmithwillbeatPattersonwithaknock-outinthesecondro

46、und.2.在說話時突然作出的決定時，一般用will的縮約式llImtired.IthinkIllgotobed.Cometosupper.OK,thanks.Illbringabottle.3.表示意圖、提議、許諾、自愿做某事或堅持做某事時Theresthedoor-bell.Illgo.IwillstopsmokingIreallywill!4.表示請求和邀請時Willyougivemeahand?Willyoucomeinandhaveadrink?5.表示命令或威脅時Youwillstartworkatsixoclock.Illbeatyouifyoudothatagain.6.表示習(xí)

47、慣和規(guī)律時Shewillgreetmewhenshemeetsme.Manwilldie.在下列情況下用begoingto1.根據(jù)現(xiàn)在所見，預(yù)計不久肯定會發(fā)生的事情時Look!itsgoingtorain!Thecarisgoingtoturnover.2.談及打算或事先決定了的事情時Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?Whyhaveyoutornthepaperintopieces?Iamgoingtorewriteit.語法：What do you want to be when you grow up? I want to be an engineer.Ho

48、w are you going to do that? Im going to study math really hard.Where are you going to work? Im going to move to Shanghai.When are you going to start? Im going to start when I finish high school and college.1 promise vt. 保證，許諾。有三種結(jié)構(gòu)：1)promise to do sth. _My mother promised to buy a piano for me.2)promise sb. sth. _ My aunt promised me a bike.3)promise + that 從句_ Tom promises that he can return on mise n. 允諾， 諾言Lily is a dishonest girl. She never keeps a promise.2.when 與 while 的區(qū)別：when 表示“當(dāng)時候”，既指時間點，又指一段時間，when 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中的動詞可以是終止性的也可以是延續(xù)性的。When the teacher came in, the studen