新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)Lesson-4

1、 Lesson 4An exciting trip postcardkangaroopouchkoala 1.exciting adj.令人興奮的令人興奮的v. excite 激動(dòng)=adj. excited ,exciting-ed:自己感到；-ing：令人感到如：interesting:令人感到有趣的；interested：感到有意思的, surprised, surprising; amused,amusing eg: The news excited me. The book is interesting. .receive v.接受，收到 accept:同意接收，主觀上樂(lè)意receiv

2、e（與have通用）：客觀的收到 receive/have a letter from sbeg: This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy, but I didnt accept it.firm (business /company/corporation/ public company上市公司) 事務(wù)所 an accounting firm會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所, a law firm律師事務(wù)所different be different from 講座主題： love is quite different from marriage

3、. As long as you stand, the sky is not going to fall down 只要你站著，天就不會(huì)塌下來(lái) As long as I am alive, I will take care of you. 只要我活著，我就會(huì)照顧你 poison 毒藥 Ones meat is anothers poison一個(gè)人喜歡的東西未必是另外一個(gè)人喜歡的 Women have different tastes for men 女人看男人的眼光不一樣 poison 在道德上敗壞，毒害 poison our image /reputation毒害形象/名聲 ruin one

4、s image and reputation 毀壞了形象和名聲 Many Japanese cartoons have poisoned the minds of the young people. 很多日本卡通毒害了年輕人的大腦 Some bad guys have poisoned/ruined the image of the whole nation. 一些在海外中國(guó)人的表現(xiàn)敗壞了整體的名族形象 difference the difference between A and B tell the difference between right and wrong = tell rig

5、ht from wrong = distinguish between right and wrong=distinguish right from wrong分清是非 distinguished 杰出的,尊敬的， distinguished ladies and gentlemen a distinguished professor 有名望的教授 Our voices are very much alike and even our close friends cant tell the difference. 我們聲音類似，無(wú)人能夠辨明差異 The fake LV bag and the

6、real one are very much alike, no one can tell the difference. 正品和冒牌品如此之相似，以至于人們都看不出來(lái)有什么不同make a difference 有影響 起重要作用 Give me a chance, I will make a difference 請(qǐng)給我一次機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)做得很好 Thank you very much; your help really made a difference. 謝謝你，真是幫了大忙 make no difference 無(wú)關(guān)緊要。 center at the city center/ in th

7、e downtown area 市區(qū) shopping center/mall 購(gòu)物中心 recreation center 娛樂(lè)中心 leisure center 休閑中心 we have a lot of recreation and leisure centers in HangZhou. I am going to take you to one of them today. It is famous for its foot massage.abroad go/study/do business abroad去國(guó)外，在國(guó)外讀書(shū)，在國(guó)外做生意 abroad VS overseas ov

8、erseas companies/ Chinese/ fast-food restaurant, overseas experts國(guó)外專家 international companies 跨國(guó)企業(yè)Lesson 4 An exciting trip I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already vi

9、sited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very ex

10、citing. Language points1. I have just received a letter from my brother.收到某人來(lái)信2.He is working for a big firm.get a letter from sb.have a letter from sb.hear from sb.在上班、任職,還可以用work at/ine.g.My father works for a business company.3. he has already visited a great number of different places in Austral

11、ia. a number of+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，number前一般可用large, great, small等形容詞強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量大小。Language points4. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs.He has gone to the south.(還在)He has been to the south.(去過(guò))5. He is finding this trip very exciting.find+n+adj.覺(jué)得怎么樣e.g.I find the film boring. Do you

12、find the book very interesting?現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)WinterWinter has has alreadyalready comecome. .Grammar現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式 have done has助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞過(guò)去過(guò)去分詞分詞Grammar用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但它的但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在影響現(xiàn)在還存在。 They have left. -他們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了他們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了,也就是說(shuō)現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里也就是說(shuō)現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里 I have had my lunch. -我已經(jīng)吃過(guò)午飯了我已經(jīng)吃過(guò)午飯了

13、,也就是說(shuō)我現(xiàn)在不餓也就是說(shuō)我現(xiàn)在不餓現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成完成時(shí)的含義時(shí)的含義也可表示也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 He has learned English since 2001. -從從2001年開(kāi)始學(xué)的年開(kāi)始學(xué)的,現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢sum up一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1)構(gòu)成肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+其它否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has not+過(guò)去分詞+其它疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其它He has been to Australia.He has not been to Australia.Has he been to Au

14、stralia?nowpastfuture一般過(guò)去一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的是純粹在過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的是純粹在過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作在的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)狀態(tài),或者發(fā)生在過(guò)去卻對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或者發(fā)生在過(guò)去卻對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響Grammar 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的比較 1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作； 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事

15、情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。）（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。）I have seen this film. (強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）2一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用常與具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。通常與模糊時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in Octo

16、ber, just now, - 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)Tom has written a letter to his p

17、arents last night.對(duì)對(duì)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.Grammar3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),動(dòng)詞一動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的般是延續(xù)性的,如如live,teach,learn,work,study, know. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。等。She joined the League three years ago.(加入的

18、動(dòng)作不是延續(xù)的加入的動(dòng)作不是延續(xù)的)She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago).(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))Grammar延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與表示一段不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。比較延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞比較延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞

19、 He has finished the work.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。 (表結(jié)果表結(jié)果)Ive known him since then.我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷表經(jīng)歷)Grammarsince 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間 “自從自從”for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度 “長(zhǎng)達(dá)長(zhǎng)達(dá)”I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company sinc

20、e 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.比較比較since和和for并非有并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)I have worked here for many years. (現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作?，F(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)GrammarHe has gone to Shanghai.他他(已經(jīng)已經(jīng))去上海了。去上海了。He has been to Sh

21、anghai.他他(曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)) 去過(guò)上海。去過(guò)上海。比較比較 have/has been to , have/has gone toGrammar1. He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He _ _ the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived he

22、re three days ago. - He _ _ here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The doo

23、r _ _ _ for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined the army. 延續(xù)性延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞和瞬間性瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化Exercisesum up2)用法1.過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。常與表示時(shí)間的副詞連用，如yet, just, before, recently, ever, never等。e.g. We have just won the match. I have never been to Australia before.一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)sum up2)用法1.表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀態(tài)連用，如so far, up till now, since, for a long time, in the past few years, those days等。e.g. So far, he has broken two world records. I