大學生英語四級復(fù)習知識點綜合技能訓練

1、大學英語四級復(fù)習知識點綜合技能訓練倒裝句一、倒裝句1. So + 形容詞 + be + 主詞 + that + 句子（如此以至于）【例】So precious is time that we can not afford to waste it.時間是如此珍貴，我們經(jīng)不起浪費它。這是四級考試作文部分經(jīng)常用到的一個套句，也是我們在第一部分要學習的第一種句型倒裝句。我們注意到這個句子的謂語動詞“be”放到的了主語的前面，這種句子成分順序和標準句型不一致的句型就是倒裝句。倒裝（The Inversion），一般來說是一種較正式的句型，能考查考生的英文寫作水平。在文章的開頭用倒裝句你的文章會因此而添色

2、不少，也是寫應(yīng)試作文獲取高分的亮點之一，所以我們一定要學會正確地使用它，恰當?shù)赜脕黻U述自己的觀點。2、adj. + as + Subject（主詞）+ be, S. + V. + （雖然）【例】Rich as our country is, our quality of life is by no means satisfactory.雖然我們的國家富有，我們的生活品質(zhì)卻不是令人滿意的。v by no means = in no way = on no account一點也不3. On no account can we + V. + （我們絕對不能）【例】On no account can

3、we ignore the value of knowledge.我們絕對不能忽略知識的價值。4、倒裝有兩種。將主語和謂語完全顛倒過來，叫做完全倒裝（complete inversion）?！纠縏hen began a bitter war between the two countries. 于是兩國之間開始了惡戰(zhàn)。只將助動詞（包括情態(tài)動詞）移至主語之前，叫做部分倒裝（partial inversion）。At no time can the entrance be left unguarded. 入口需要隨時有人把守。 二、四級必考句型(1) Among the disadvantage

4、s that may bring to are that + S. + V., making + n. + adj.【分析】有時候，為了強調(diào)“介詞 + 賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)，我們把它置于句首，此時句子需要全部倒裝，在本句中我們把謂語動詞“are”放在了主語結(jié)構(gòu)“that”的前面。Among the disadvantages that cars may bring to our lives are that we could spend more time in traffic jams and we would likely spend more money on operation and main

5、tenance fees, making our schedules tighter and our pockets lighter!(2) With these steps, we can change our society into one out of which comes the possibility that 【分析】句中的定語從句“out of which comes the possibility”是完全倒裝句。With these steps, we can change our society into one out of which comes the possib

6、ility that natural resources will be fully cherished.(3) There is a real possibility that , should there be a .【分析】Should there be a是省略if并部分倒裝的將來時虛擬條件句。還原后為：If there should be a There is a real possibility that we can solve this problem completely, should there be cooperation among all parties invol

7、ved.(4) never, hardly, seldom, rarely, not, until，scarcely, in no case（不管怎樣也不），in no way（不管怎么也不），by no means（決不），on no account（不論什么原因也不），at no time（無論什么時候也不）等否定詞放在句首時，句子要倒裝。By no means shall we cease to protect our environment. (5) It was very late. Exhausted though she was, there was no hope of her

8、 being able to fall asleep. 【分析】從屬連詞as和though也可以用于讓步狀語從句中。這種從句必須以形容詞（或形容詞化的分詞）、名詞或動詞原形開頭，主句必須位于從句之后。 1) Small as a bicycle is, it can bring a lot of convenience to our lives. 2) Foolish though he looks, he always seems to make the wisest proposals. （他看起來樣子傻傻的，可似乎總是能提出最聰明的建議。） 3) Try as you may, you

9、will never succeed. （你盡管可以試，但決不會成功）。 三、練習A、翻譯1. 至于計算機化的影響，沒有什么地方比銀行能更清楚地看到其成果。2. 要不是來自政府的及時投資，我們的公司不會像現(xiàn)在這樣繁榮昌盛。3. 只是過了一年，我就開始看到我工作的成績。4. 該組織沒有違反規(guī)章，但是它也沒有負責任地認真工作。5. 幾乎每個月都有消息報道調(diào)查中國公民中科學教育文盲問題的嚴重性。6. 打算離婚的父母沒有很好地培養(yǎng)孩子應(yīng)對將要到來的危機的能力，他們也沒有向孩子們作出很有必要的保證：會有人照顧你們的。7. 雖然他聰明機智，也覺得解決這個問題很難。8. 她不僅學習刻苦，而且很有禮貌。9.

10、樹下坐著的人，是我見過的最高大的人之一。10. 只有當研究者獲得充分的數(shù)據(jù)，他們才能得出一個正確的結(jié)論?！緟⒖即鸢浮?. As for the influence of computerization, nowhere have we seen the results more clearly than in the bank.2. Had it not been for the timely investment from the government, our company would not be thriving as it is. 3. Only after a year did

11、I begin to see the results of my work. 4. The organization had broken no rules, but neither had it acted responsibly. 5. Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among Chinese citizens.6. Parents planning to divorce do not sufficiently prepa

12、re their children for the coming crisis, nor do they provide them with the necessary assurances that they will be cared for in the aftermath. 7. Clever and resourceful though he was, he found more than a little difficulty solving the problem.8. Not only was she a hard worker, but she was also very p

13、olite.9. Under a tree was sitting one of the biggest men I had ever seen.10. Only when the researchers have obtained sufficient data can they come to a sound conclusion.B. 改錯1. Scarcely they had settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.2. Under no circumstances we sh

14、ould do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state.3. Not until an infant hedgehog（刺猬）opens its eyes it leaves its nest to follow its mother about.4. Down jumped was the burglar from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.5. Most of his classmates

15、agree with the opinion that bad as he is,but he has his good points.6. Not until have I passed the examination will I be able to go out to parties.7. Not only the student disturb the authority of the older generation he can threaten the social system as a whole.8. No fewer than one thousand people d

16、id come here to attend the competition.9. We had hardly arrived when does she started crying to go home.10. No sooner had he drunk the coffee when he began to feel drowsy.【參考答案】1. they hadhad they2. we shouldshould we 3. it leavesdoes it leave 4. 去掉was5. 去掉but 6. have II have7. only后加does8. did come

17、came 9. 去掉does 10. whenthan四、偉人偉招1. 英勇無畏式Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood. (Marie Curie)生活中沒有什么可怕的東西，只有需要理解的東西。（居里夫人）【點評】這句話可用于提出問題的解決方法，比如說關(guān)于“global shortage of fresh water”，在提到如何應(yīng)對時，不妨說：Famous scientist Marie Curie once said, “Nothing in life is to be feared; it is only

18、 to be understood.” In the same ways, once we understand the causes of this phenomenon, we can confidently believe that we will solve the problem with the following means. 2. 熱情無限式A man can succeed at almost anything for which he has unlimited enthusiasm.(C. M. Schwab)只要有無限的熱情，一個人幾乎可以在任何事情上取得成功。（施瓦布

19、）【點評】用法和上句類似。3. 理想遠大式The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and also the determination to attain it. (Goethe)人生重要的在于確立一個偉大的目標，并有決心使其實現(xiàn)。（歌德） 【點評】我們可以從歌德的話語里面，學到一個很好的句型：The important thing is to, 不妨進一步學一個四級里面另兩個更受歡迎的句型：(1) Nothing is + (adj).er than to + V. + Nothing is + more + 形容詞 + tha

20、n to + V. + 【例】Nothing is more important than to receive education. 沒有比接受教育更重要的事。(2) What a + adj. + n. + S. + V.!= How + adj. + a + n. + V.!（多么?。?What an important thing it is to keep our promise! How important a thing it is to keep our promise!遵守諾言是多么重要的事！五、實踐與提高用下列給出的句型造句：1. The narrator may be r

21、ight about, but he neglects to mention he fact that 2. As opposed to widely held beliefs, I believ that 3. Although many people believe that, I doubt whether the argument holds up to much analysis . 4. The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we could gain from A. 5. Although it is commonly held tha

22、t, it is unlikely that 6. There is an element of truth in this argument , but it ignores a deeper and more basic fact that 7. It is true that , but that is not to say that 8. The main problem with this argument is that it is ignorant of the basic fact that 9. It would be natural to think that, but i

23、t would be absurd to claim that 10. In all the discussion and debate over, one important fact is generally overlooked 強調(diào)句一、強調(diào)句精彩套句展示 It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道） 是一個在四級作文里面用來闡述觀點的經(jīng)典句型，用詞也很出色。 It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道樹木對我們是不可或缺的。 It

24、 isthat + 句子構(gòu)成強調(diào)句型（The Emphatic Pattern） 英語常用的強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是“It is/was+被強調(diào)部分（主語、賓語或狀語）+ who（that）”。一般說來，被強調(diào)部分指人時，用who；指事物時，用that；在美國英語中指事物時常用which來代替that。 與之類似的常用句型還有： It is conceivable that + 句子（可想而知的） It is obvious that + 句子（明顯的） It is apparent that + 句子（顯然的） It is conceivable that knowledge plays an impor

25、tant role in our life. 可想而知，知識在我們的一生中扮演一個重要的角色。 二、語法精講1. 簡介(1) 一般情況用It is (was)that (who)，指人時，用who；指物時，用that。 我們分別可以強調(diào)主語、賓語、表語、時間狀語和地點狀語等。如： He read three books in the library yesterday.（正常句子） It was he who read three books in the library yesterday.（強調(diào)主語） It was three books that he read in the libra

26、ry yesterday.（強調(diào)賓語） It was in the library that he read three books yesterday.（強調(diào)地點狀語） (2) 強調(diào)狀語或定語時，只用that，不用when、where，如： It is at 5 oclock that the train will arrive. (3) 被強調(diào)的部分是主語時，注意句子的謂語動詞和被強調(diào)的主語保持一致。如： It is he who is late. It is they who were late. (4) 一般疑問句的強調(diào)句為“Is (was) it + that?”；特殊疑問句為：“特

27、殊疑問詞+ is (was) +it +that?”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： Was it ten years ago that his father died?（他的父親是十年前去世的嗎？） When is it that you will set off?（你到底什么時候出發(fā)？） (5)“notuntil”句型的強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is not untilthat”應(yīng)注意把否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移到until前面。如： I didnt go home until the rain stopped.（直到雨停了我才回家）。 強調(diào)句為：It was not until the rain stopped that I

28、went home. I didnt know the news until yesterday.（直到昨天我才知道那個消息） 強調(diào)句為：It was not until yesterday that I knew the news. 2. 四級必考套句學習 (1) It is the responsibility of to do sth. 【分析】注意，從形式上看該句子很像強調(diào)句型，而實際上并非如此，因為句中it是形式主語，動詞不定式作實際主語。 It is the responsibility of every citizen in our society to do his utmos

29、t to protect the environment. (2) It is the , I suppose, that havehas given rise to . 【分析】該強調(diào)句型強調(diào)句子主語，I suppose作為插入語。這是一個很好掌握的四級長句，在作文中需要分析原因時，可以用它闡述自己的看法。 It is the tighter job market, I suppose, that has given rise to the increase in the number of unemployed college students in China. (3) It is on

30、ly when that . 【分析】強調(diào)句型強調(diào)when引導(dǎo)時間從句。 It is only when you nearly lose someone that you become fully conscious of how much you value him. 三、練習與進步 A. 翻譯 1. 直到最后一刻，我才得知事情的傳聞。 2. 他是否接受我的觀點，我并不在乎。 3. 我不應(yīng)干預(yù)此類事。 4. 在擁擠的公交車上抽煙，是不禮貌的行為。 5. 愛迪生是位真正的天才，這是不容置疑的。 6. 直到他走進教室，才意識到忘了做家庭作業(yè)。 7. 在我們家，飯前洗手是每個人的習慣。 8. 一個

31、人應(yīng)該精讀一門，博覽各科。 9. 她覺得回復(fù)這封信，是她應(yīng)盡的責任。 10. 大多數(shù)年輕人都認為過輕松不用努力的生活是最好的，這是令人遺憾的事。 【參考答案】 1. It was at the eleventh hour that I got wind of what was going on. 2. It does not matter whether he accepts my opinions or not. 3. It is not my place to interfere in such affairs. 4. It is impolite behavior to smoke in

32、 a crowded bus. 5. It is undeniable that Edison was a genius in the truest sense of the word. 6. It was not until he entered the classroom that he realized he had forgotten to do the homework. 7. In our home it is a rigid rule for each person to wash his hands before eating. 8. It is wise to read ev

33、erything about something and something about everything. 9. She felt it incumbent upon her to answer the letter at once. 10. It is to be regretted that the majority of young people should look upon an effortless life as the highest good. B. 改錯 1. It is she which I think is the most beautiful girl I

34、have ever seen. 2. There is an old saying which says, “Great oaks from little acorns grow.” 3. It is in the park which theyll take a picnic. 4. It is believed which the earliest feature of chronic bronchitis is excessive secretion from the mucous glands and goblet call. 5. It is one of his peculiari

35、ties that no incident ever happens to him that without teaching him some valuable lesson. 6. It is an error to suppose which the public is indifferent or unable to understand the problems of religion and philosophy. 7. It is wrong to accuse a person of a crime that you have evidence that he may be g

36、uilty. 8. It be reasonable to receive extra pay for extra work. 9. It is very difficult that you havent sufficient data to solve the problem. 【參考答案】 1. whichwho2. whichthat3. whichwhere4. whichthat 5. 去掉him后面的that6. whichthat7. thatunless 8. beis9. thatwhen 四、偉人偉招 1. 百折不撓式 We must accept finite disa

37、ppointment, but we must never lose infinite hope. (Martin Luther King, Jr.) 我們必須接受失望，因為它是有限的，但千萬不可失去希望，因為它是無窮的。（馬丁·路德·金） 【點評】該句為馬丁·路德·金生命的體驗，我們在作文中談到某種麻煩的解決方法時，借用過來妙不可言。另外We must do, but we must never用于觀點的轉(zhuǎn)折或者遞進效果很好。 2. 深入生活式 Genius is formed in quiet, character in the stream of

38、life. (Goethe ) 天才形成于平靜中，性格來自于生活的激流。（歌德） 【點評】歌德之才，恐非我輩能及，但大師的語言卻給我們無窮的靈感。表示“形成”記著用“is formed in”，簡單之處見真章。 五、實踐與進步 用下列給出的句型造句： 1. There is absolutely no reason for us to believe that 2. Logical as this argument is, and I whole-heartedly agree with it, it appears insignificant when is taken into consi

39、deration . 3. To assume that is far from infallible . 4. A close inspection of this argument would reveal how flimsy it is. 5. On the surface , it may seem a sound suggestion , but with careful consideration , we find that 6. Too much emphasis placed on may obscure other facts, including that 7. The

40、 danger is that 8. What the narrator fails to understand is that 9. We dont have to look very far to see the truth of this argument . 10. However just this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem 省 略 句 一、四級精彩套句展示 It is necessary that effective actions be taken to prevent this probl

41、em. 省略，在語言中，尤其在對話中是一種常見的現(xiàn)象，它可以使語氣明了。英語里被省略部分一般可以在句子中補上。本句是省略should的虛擬語氣，完整句為It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent this problem. 這種對虛擬語氣的省略在四級作文句子里面廣為存在， 又如：It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to (expended on / focused on) finding (developing / improving)中的sh

42、ould也可省略。 二、語法精講 1. 簡介 句子中的某一成分省略的現(xiàn)象，在語言當中廣泛存在，漢語當中也有。比如：一班的學生比二班的多。本句中在“二班的”后面就省略了“學生”一詞，因為根據(jù)語境，該詞我們已經(jīng)可以推理得知，在語言中為了避免麻煩，將其省略。 大家可能會說：“四級考試中我就擔心字數(shù)湊不夠，為什么還要學習省略呢？”字數(shù)的問題確實是我們必須面對的問題，但并不是四級考核的惟一標準。省略句的合理利用，會起到事半功倍的效果。首先，啟用省略句雖然在字數(shù)上吃了點小虧，但是可以讓句子更精煉流暢，可謂舍一而得十；另外，很多考生為了湊字數(shù)，啰里啰嗦，讓評卷老師味同嚼蠟，這時你的省略句就可能會如一縷春風，

43、好處自不用多言。 2. 四級必考句型 (1) Although many have tried, few have succeeded in attempts to . 【分析】本句中tried后的賓語可根據(jù)后半句的語義推測得知，所以可以省略，避免重復(fù)。 Although many have tried, few have succeeded in attempts to find perfect solutions. (2) , be it , will bring a lot of happiness into our lives. 【分析】本句是一個超難句型，中間一節(jié)省略了whether

44、和might，并進行了倒裝，將“be it”恢復(fù)后應(yīng)為whether it might be。Be it，可譯為“比方說”，用來給出更多細節(jié)。 The application of electric power, be it to light our rooms or to listen to music, will bring a lot of happiness to our lives. (3) Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though to go out of the office. 【分析】as th

45、ough引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，謂語常用虛擬語氣，本句中主句的主語與從句的主語相同，故從句中的主語和謂語省略，即省略了she wanted；如果補全，即為：as though she wanted to go out of the office. 三、練習與進步 A. 翻譯 1. 因為項目任務(wù)十分艱巨，這個項目需要的勞動力比我們已經(jīng)投入的要多。 2. 雖然Dave Mitchell在舊金山長大，但他總是更喜歡記錄小鎮(zhèn)生活的平淡事實。 3. 就像土壤是地球的一部分一樣，大氣也是地球的一部分。 4. 沒有人會有時間去讀或聽講述世界發(fā)生的每一件事情。 5. 他的衣服很寬大，好像是為比他個子大一倍的人裁剪的

46、。 6. 海豚與狗同樣都是聰明的動物。 7. 每個人能夠走鋼絲而沒有一絲畏懼的，除非他從小就訓練過。 8. 不管付出多大的代價，他都會堅持他認為正確的。 9. 他經(jīng)常坐在一間小酒吧里喝酒，喝得太多了，不利于他的身體。 10. 盡管相對貴一些，但是這個發(fā)動機效率更高，而且不需要經(jīng)常維修。 【參考答案】 1. The project requires more labor than has been put in because it is extremely difficult. 2. Though raised in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had alway

47、s preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life. 3. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, so too is the atmosphere. 4. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything that is going on in the world. 5. His suit hung loosely as if tailored for someone twice his size. 6

48、. A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog. 7. No one can walk the wire without a bit of fear unless trained very young. 8. He stands up for what he thinks right, whatever the personal cost. 9. He often sat in a small bar drinking considerably more wine than was good for his health. 10. Even

49、though relatively costly, the engine is highly efficient and infrequently needs servicing. B. 改錯 1. A programmed computer begins to show on its screen the figures you need when is switched on. 2. No one, at any rate no English writer, has written about childhood life in a way more poignant than Dick

50、ens was. 3. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not taken drugs as directed, lowering the effectiveness of the drugs significantly. 4. Layer upon layer of deep snow means that, when it melted, the snow-water would be pure, not salty as sea -ice would be. 5. All t

51、hese projects require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve properly, and require more money than is raised through taxes alone today. 6. You spent more money than was intended to spend. 7. To understand the situation completely require more thought that has been given thus far. 8. We can observe small things clearly under a microscope because it makes them appear larger as they really are. 9. In debating, one must correct the opponents falsehoods, deny t