大學(xué)英語基礎(chǔ)教程(北大版)Unit 1 恐龍滅絕(the end of dinosaurs)

1、Unit 1The End of Dinosaursdans n. 恐龍 Some questions for you to thinklOn seeing this title, what do you think the text is going to tell us?lWhats the reasons for such a huge animal disappear from the earth?lDid people and dinosaur live at the same time? lThe text is going to tell us that the end of d

2、inosaurs was caused by an asteroid(小行星) hitting the earth many years ago, which destroyed the natural conditions the dinosaurs depended on. Dinosaur n. 恐龍恐龍 DinosaurlDinosaurthe common name was given to a group of reptiles(爬行動(dòng)物), often very large, that first appeared in the Late Triassic Period(三疊紀(jì)時(shí)

3、代) about 215 million years ago and thrived worldwide for some 150 million years. Most died out by the end of the Cretaceous Period(白堊紀(jì)時(shí)代), about 65 million years ago. l If all of Earth time from the very beginning of the dinosaurs to today were compressed into 365 days, the dinosaurs appeared Januar

4、y 1 and became extinct the third week of September. By comparison, people have been on earth only since December 31.asteroid strd n. 小行星 lAsteroid is diameter (n. 直徑) that orbits (v. 環(huán)繞軌道) the Sun primarily between the orbits (v. 軌道) of Mars (n. 火星) and Jupiter (木星). It is because of their small siz

5、e and large numbers relative to the nine major planets that asteroids are also called minor planets. The two names are frequently used interchangeably.A video about the end of the dinosaurReview the New Wordsl1. disappearance n. 消失，不見ldis-(not, 不) + appear(顯示，出現(xiàn))+ance(名詞后綴)Review the New Wordsl2. de

6、stroy v. 毀滅，破壞lde-(to remove, to reduce，移開，減少); l同根詞：destroyer (n.) 搞破壞的人l同義詞：destruct; damage; killReview the New Wordsl3. create (v.) 創(chuàng)造l同根詞：creation (n.)創(chuàng)造; creative (adj.)有創(chuàng)造力的；l4. pollution (n.) 污染，污染源l同根詞：pollute (v.) 污染l5. survive (v.) 幸存l同根詞：survival (n.)幸存；survivor (n.)幸存者l6. constantly (ad

7、v.)持續(xù)地，不斷地；經(jīng)常地l同根詞：constant (adj.)不變的；經(jīng)常的l同義詞： unchanging; continuous; all the timel7. experience (v.) 經(jīng)歷l同根詞：experience (n.); 經(jīng)驗(yàn)；經(jīng)歷l同義詞：come through; sufferl8. allow (v.) 允許，提供l同根詞：allowable (adj.)容許的; allowance (n. )津貼；限額; l同義詞：permit; providel9. evidence (n.)證據(jù)；證詞；l同義詞：proofl10. dominant (adj.)主要

8、的；占優(yōu)勢(shì)的；l同根詞：ldominate (v.)支配; domination (n.)控制；管轄 mammal mml n. 哺乳動(dòng)物Main IdealThe text is going to tell us that the end of dinosaurs was caused by an asteroid(小行星) hitting the earth many years ago, which destroyed the natural conditions the dinosaurs depended on. Text StructurePart I: The author gi

9、ves us the introduction of the whole text why dinosaurs disappeared: by asking several questions. Part II: The author agrees with the theory that the end of dinosaurs was caused by an asteroid hitting the earth and provides all kinds of evidences to support his opinion.Part III: The author concludes

10、 that the end of dinosaurs led to humans appearance on earth.You should divide the text into 3 parts according to their main ideas.Part I, and Part IIlIn Part I, the author raises a question(提出問題), and gives us some possible answers. What are the question and what are the answers?lIn Part II, how di

11、d the asteroid cause the dinosaurs to disappear? What are the evidences?cause v. 造成，帶來造成，帶來lDo they know what caused the fire?l他們知道是什么造成了這場(chǎng)火災(zāi)嗎？lWhat caused the dinosaurs to disappear from the face of the earth?l是什么造成恐龍從地球上消失？lThe bad weather is causing problems for many farmers.l惡劣的天氣給許多農(nóng)民帶來了問題。caus

12、e sth. 造成某事 cause sth. for sb. 給某人/ 某事造成某結(jié)果 cause sb./ sth. to do 使得某人/某事做某事 deadly adj. 致命的，致死的致命的，致死的lNuclear weapon is a deadly weapon.l核武器是一種致命的武器。l眼鏡蛇式世界上最致命的蛇之一。lThe cobra is one of the worlds deadliest snake.Translation of Pa.1l是什么造成了恐龍從地球上的消亡？這個(gè)問題總是引起人們的關(guān)注。恐龍的滅絕是食物短缺引起的嗎？它們是不是毀于致命的疾病呢？是不是天氣的

13、變化造成了它們的消失呢？sentence structure 句型句型l這個(gè)問題總是引起人們的關(guān)注。lThis question always attracts peoples attention.l青少年的網(wǎng)癮問題引起了很多專家的關(guān)注。Teenagers network addiction _.lTeenagers network addiction attracts many experts attention. seem to do sth似乎似乎；顯得；顯得l他似乎同意了我的建議。lHe seems to agree on my suggestion.lI seem to have c

14、aught a cold. l我似乎著涼了。agree on/about 同意，達(dá)成一致agree with sb. on/about sth. 就某事與某人達(dá)成一致agree with sth. 與相合；一致agree to sth. （尤指不樂意或爭(zhēng)論之后的）同意；贊成lWe agreed on the plan. l我們同意這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。lThe soup didnt agree with my taste. l這種湯不合我的口味。lHe agreed to my idea. l他同意我的意見。lHe agreed with them about the need for change. l

15、他同意他們關(guān)于變化的需求。 sentence structurelit is likely that / it is probable that 很可能lIt is likely that he would fail the exam. l他可能會(huì)考試不及格。lIt is likely that we will win the game.l我們可能會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽。with prep. because of 由于，憑借lWith the help of my classmates, I worked out the difficult question. l由于同學(xué)的幫助，我做出了這道很難的題目

16、。lWith the development of high technology, we can get the latest news all over the world.l憑借著高科技的發(fā)展，我們可以獲得全世界最新的新聞。 Translation of Pa. 2l現(xiàn)在，科學(xué)家似乎對(duì)恐龍消失的原因達(dá)成了一致看法。很可能在六億五千萬年前，有一顆在太空中飛行的小行星撞擊了地球。這顆小行星的沖擊力相當(dāng)于十萬顆氫彈，造成了毀滅恐龍的嚴(yán)寒冬天。so.that. 如此如此以至于以至于lShe was so sick today that she couldn t go to work as usu

17、al. l她今天病得太厲害了，以至于無法像往常那樣去上班。lIt seems that the asteroid was so huge and hit the earth with such a strong force that it created a hole which was at least 200 kilometers across.l似乎可以推斷這顆小行星的體積如此巨大，撞擊地球的威力如此強(qiáng)烈，以至于給地球造成了一個(gè)至少寬兩百公里的大坑。block out : stop light or noise 遮擋遮擋lThis kind of wallpaper is used to

18、 block out the music from next door room. l這種墻紙是用來遮擋隔壁房間的音樂的。Translation of Pa.3l似乎可以推斷這顆小行星的體積如此巨大，撞擊地球的威力如此強(qiáng)烈，以至于給地球造成了一個(gè)至少寬兩百公里的大坑。由于這個(gè)坑非常大，又造成了數(shù)月以來遮天蔽日的塵埃。結(jié)果引起了地球上天氣的巨變和海洋污染。據(jù)認(rèn)為，這種變化使得地球上四分之三的生物毀滅了。英國(guó)一所大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，流星碰撞地球引起的灰塵可能造成了地球上至少三個(gè)月暗無天日。depend on/upon sth. 依賴；取決于依賴；取決于Our success will depend

19、 on everyones effort. l我們的成功取決于每個(gè)人的努力。lThe harvest of crops depends on the weather and farmers hard working. l莊稼的成熟取決于天氣和農(nóng)民的辛勤勞動(dòng)。survive v. 幸存；保留In the serious traffic accident, among 30 person, only 2 survived. l在這次嚴(yán)重的交通事故中，30人中只有兩人生還下來。lSome strange customs have survived from earlier times. l有些奇特的

20、風(fēng)俗從早期時(shí)代中繼續(xù)保留下來。l小行星撞地球之后，有些小型的哺乳動(dòng)物存活了下來。lAfter the asteroid hit the earth, some small mammals survived.Translation of P4l這次事件對(duì)恐龍這樣的大型動(dòng)物來說是毀滅性的打擊。由于恐龍?bào)w積巨大，它們得通過不斷地補(bǔ)充食物來維持生命。而小型動(dòng)物則可以通過冬眠，等自然條件改善后再蘇醒過來。因此，它們有更為有利的生存機(jī)會(huì)。Sentence Structurel這次事件對(duì)恐龍這樣的大型動(dòng)物來說是毀滅性的打擊。(such a/an event, devastate)lSuch an event

21、 would be devastating to animals as large as the dinosaurs.l這樣的醫(yī)療事故對(duì)任何病人都是致命的打擊。l_medical negligence would be _. lSuch a medical negligence would be devastating to any patients. l 因此，它們有更為有利的生存機(jī)會(huì)。lTherefore they had a much better chance of surviving.枯枝被剪去了，這棵樹就會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。lThe dead wood were pruned away,

22、_ the tree _growth.lThe dead wood were pruned away, therefore, the tree has a better chance of growth.l*be sure (that) lbe certain (that) 確保，肯定lI was sure (that) I locked the door last night. l我確定昨晚我鎖好了門。lAre you sure that you worked out the correct answer? l你能確定你做出了正確的答案？l*be sure of/about sth. lbe

23、 certain of sth. 對(duì)有把握lI hope you are sure of your facts. l我希望你能對(duì)事實(shí)有把握。lAre you sure about that?l你能確定那件事嗎？l*as well as lin addition to; too 也，還有l(wèi)I am learning English as well as French now. l我現(xiàn)在正學(xué)習(xí)英語和法語。l as well as 作為連詞，必須連接前后相同的成分（名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞-ing）l*experience lMy hometown has experienced great changes

24、 in the last 10 years. l我的家鄉(xiāng)在過去10年里經(jīng)歷了巨大的變化。lLife is to experience happiness and sadness. l生活就是經(jīng)歷歡樂與痛苦。*along with = together with; in addition to; in the same way; 連同連同, 和和一起一起lThere was a bill along with the parcel.l包裹上附有一張賬單。lAlong with the housework, I had to finish my homework after class.l下課后，

25、除了家務(wù)活兒，我還要完成家庭作業(yè)。*allow v.l1) let sb. do sth.; let sth. happen 允許lHis parents won t allow him to stay out late. 他的父母不允許他在外面呆到很晚。l2) make possible; provide 提供，供應(yīng)lOur classroom allows 80 students to have classes.l我們的教室可以讓80個(gè)學(xué)生上課。第五段第五段 譯文譯文l小行星碰撞地球引起恐龍滅絕的觀點(diǎn)只是在20 世紀(jì)80 年代的時(shí)候才非常流行。那時(shí)，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)有一層薄薄的銥覆蓋在地球表面

26、。銥是一種在地球上非常稀有而在小行星上很常見的元素。幾年后，關(guān)于巨坑的證據(jù)在墨西哥發(fā)現(xiàn)了。如今，科學(xué)家們確信小行星非常巨大，以至于它有可能阻擋了射向地球的太陽光，并引起了酸雨性的暴風(fēng)雨和地震; 這些地震比我們?cè)谶^去100 年里經(jīng)歷的最厲害的地震還要強(qiáng)烈1000 倍。伴隨著這些恐龍的消亡，所有會(huì)飛的爬行動(dòng)物和許多海洋爬行動(dòng)物都滅絕了。這就使得大型魚類、鳥類還有像鱷魚和蜥蜴這樣的爬行動(dòng)物在以后得到了發(fā)展。Key sentence patternsl小行星碰撞地球引起恐龍滅絕的觀點(diǎn)只是在20 世紀(jì)80 年代的時(shí)候才非常流行。lThe idea that the dinosaurs were dest

27、royed because of asteroid only became popular in the 1980s. lQQ聊天的潮流自1990年代才開始流行。lThe trend of QQ chats _. lThe trend of QQ chats only became popular from the 1990s. l這就使得大型魚類、鳥類還有像鱷魚和蜥蜴這樣的爬行動(dòng)物在以后得到了發(fā)展。lThis allowed for the later development of large fish, birds and reptiles such as crocodiles and l

28、izards.l蓬勃的房地產(chǎn)業(yè)使得城市化迅速發(fā)展。lThe rising real estate industry _ of urbanization.lThe rising real estate industry allows for the quick development of urbanization.It is only since the disappearance of the dinosaurs that larger mammals have appeared on earth, leading eventually to the appearance of the mo

29、st dominant of all mammalsman!l*It is .that/who. lThis structure is used to emphasize any part of a sentence. （強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）正是（由于）lIt is Spain that youre going to.你要去的正是西班牙。lIt was three weeks later that we heard the news. 正是三星期后我們才得知這條消息l*dominant ladj.主要的；占優(yōu)勢(shì)的；顯性的ln.主宰者；顯性基因lPeace was the dominant theme o

30、f the conference.l和平是大會(huì)的首要議題。lThe British were formerly dominant in India. l英國(guó)人從前統(tǒng)治印度。第六段第六段 譯文譯文l許多哺乳動(dòng)物生存下來了。許多還沒有老鼠那么大; 正如今天許多像松鼠這樣的小哺乳動(dòng)物可以冬眠一樣，它們能在災(zāi)難中最惡劣的天氣里冬眠。事實(shí)上，人類是幸運(yùn)的。如果我們?nèi)祟惿嬖诳铸垥r(shí)代，很可能我們也被毀滅了。也可能正是由于恐龍從地球上消失的緣故，大型哺乳動(dòng)物才出現(xiàn)在地球上，從而最終導(dǎo)致哺乳動(dòng)物中最具統(tǒng)治地位的人類的出現(xiàn)。 need v./modal(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)/n.l一、作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 l1need作情

31、態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱或數(shù)的變化， 后接動(dòng)詞原形，多用于否定句和疑問句中。如：You neednt worry.你不必?fù)?dān)心。 l2由need引出的一般疑問句，肯定回答常用must或have to;否定答語常用neednt. 如： Need I answer the question? 我需要回答那個(gè)問題嗎？ Yes, you must. /Yes, you have to.是的，你必須回答。/是的，你得回答。/No, you neednt.不，不必了。 3由must引出的一般疑問句，肯定回答用must,否定答語用neednt或dont have to。如： Must I do the work now?

32、 我必須現(xiàn)在干這個(gè)活嗎？ Yes, you must /have to.是的，你必須做。/No, you neednt /dont have to. 不，你現(xiàn)在不必做。l二、作行為動(dòng)詞 need l作為行為動(dòng)詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化， 后面可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞及帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式；l可用于肯定句、疑問句和否定句中，如：She needs help.她需要幫助。I dont need to see the doctor.我不需要看病。Do you need to go at once? 你需要馬上走嗎？ Yes, I do.是的，我得馬上去。 No, I dont.不，不用馬上走。l n.需要; 必要 lI dont think theres any need for that.l我認(rèn)為沒那必要 .Vocabularyl1. have discoveredl2. hitl3. destroying/to be destroyedl4. were blockedl5. are. allowed tol6. di