帥建林版國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)課后練習答案(雙語)課件

1、Chapter 1IYES，Please refer to the 1st paragraph of the text.II流動性過剩自給自足經(jīng)濟資源直接投資國際收支易貨交易出口退稅傾銷出口型經(jīng)濟增長東道國貿(mào)易差額貿(mào)易順差貿(mào)易逆差歐盟國際收支順差國際收支逆差有形貿(mào)易無形貿(mào)易貨物貿(mào)易服務(wù)貿(mào)易excess liquidityself-sufficienteconomic resourcesdirect investmentbalance of paymentsbarterexport tax rebatedumpingexport-driven economic growthhost countr

2、ybalance of tradefavorable/unfavorable balance of tradeEuropean Unionfavorable/unfavorable balance of paymentsvisible tradeinvisible tradetrade in goodstrade in servicesIII The chart above shows the U.S. imports from China, U.S. exports to China and the trade balance. The U.S. has a negative trade b

3、alance with China, and it has been growing. During the period from 1997 to 2003, imports from China have grown 244% while exports to China have grown 221%, indicating that the trade deficit is increasing. There had already been a sizeable trade balance deficit with China in 1996, totaling $ 39.5 bil

4、lion at the end of the year.IV1. Export goods are tangible goods sent out of countries.2. Trade in services are international earnings other than those derived from the exporting and importing of tangible goods.3. Import goods are tangible goods brought in.4. International trade is all business tran

5、sactions that involve two or more countries.5. FDI is one that gives the investor a controlling interest in a foreign company.6. Investment is used primarily as financial means for a company to earn more money on its money with relative safety.V1. International trade is the fair and deliberate excha

6、nge of goods and/or services across national boundaries. It concerns trade operations of both import and export and includes the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.2. In today's complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient. Nations participate in

7、 the international trade for many reasons. As to the economic reasons, no nation has all of the economic resources (land, labor and capital) that it needs to develop its economy and culture, and no country enjoys a particular item sufficient enough to meet its needs. As for the preference reasons, i

8、nternational trade takes place because of innovation of style. Besides, every nation can specialize in a certain field and enjoy a comparative advantage in some particular area in terms of trade so that they need to do business with each other to make use of resources more efficiently and effectivel

9、y.3. In measuring the effectiveness of global trade, nations carefully follow two key indicators, namely, balance of trade and balance of payments.4. FDI, the abbreviation form Foreign Direct Investment, means buying of permanent property and business in foreign nations. It occurs when acquisition o

10、f equity interest in a foreign company is trade. The great significance of FDI for China might be that: FDI solve the problem of capital shortage for China so that China may spend the money on importing advanced equipment and technologies for its infrastructure, national supporting industry, key pro

11、jects, etc.Chapter 2I關(guān)稅壁壘非關(guān)稅壁壘從量稅配額保護性關(guān)稅市場失靈幼稚產(chǎn)業(yè)許可證制度財政關(guān)稅政府采購貿(mào)易保護主義從價稅最低限價本地采購規(guī)則增加內(nèi)需Domestic contentRed-tape barriersExport subsidiesBinding quotaAbsolute quotasVERTariff-rate quotasZero quota"Buy local" rulesTariff barriersnon-tariff barriersspecific dutiesquotaprotective tariffmarket fai

12、lureinfant industrylicensing systemRevenue tariffgovernment procurementtrade protectionismAd Valorem Dutiesfloor price"buy local" rulesraise domestic demand國內(nèi)含量進口環(huán)節(jié)壁壘出口補貼綁定配額絕對配額自愿出口限制關(guān)稅配額零配額本地采購原則II1. Protectionism means the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports to en

13、able relatively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers.保護主義是指蓄意使用或鼓勵進口限制，以此使本國相對效率低的產(chǎn)品能成功地和外國產(chǎn)品競爭。.2. If the Russians release their stocks of fin into the world market, the price of the metal will sink through the floor.一旦俄羅斯人將其持有的錫礦股票投放于國際市場之中，那么該市場中金屬的價格會跌破最低

14、限價。3. Protective tariff means a duty or tax imposed on imported products for the purpose of making them more expensive in comparison to domestic producers, thereby giving the domestic products a price advantage.保護性關(guān)稅表示對進口產(chǎn)品征收的關(guān)稅，旨在讓它們相比起本國商品更貴，從向使得本國商品具有價格優(yōu)勢。4. Types of tariffs include ad valorem, s

15、pecific, variable, or compound. In the United States, the imposition of tariffs is made on imported goods only. Tariffs raise the prices of imported goods, thus making them less competitive within the market of the importing country. After seven "Rounds” of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trad

16、e trade negotiations that focused heavily on tariff reductions, tariffs are less important measures of protection than they used to be.關(guān)稅的種類包括從價稅，從量稅，可變稅與復(fù)合稅。在美國，只對進口商品征稅。關(guān)稅抬高了進口貨物的價格，從而使得它們在進口國商品市場競爭優(yōu)勢下降。繼關(guān)稅及貿(mào)易總協(xié)定七個回合主要關(guān)于降低稅價的貿(mào)易協(xié)定之后，稅收所起的保護作用日趨下降。III1. Tariff is a duty collected by customs of a gov

17、ernment on imports and/or exports.2. A revenue tariff can be some of the incomes of a government, but it must be taken under control.3. To export goods at an unreasonably low price is taken as dumping which might be fought against by government of the importing country.4. A tariff may be assessed on

18、 a per unit basis, in which case it is known as a specific duty. It also may be assessed as a percentage of the value of the item, in which case it is known as an ad valorem duty.5. Import tariffs primarily serve as a means of raising the price of the import goods so that competitively produced dome

19、stic goods will gain a relative price advantage.Chapter 3 IAPEC   Asia-pacific Economic Co-operationFTAAP   Free Trade Agreement of Asia and the PacificEU    European UnionNAFTA   North American Free Trade AgreementMERCOSUR   Mercado Comun

20、del Cono Sur / Southern    Common MarketASEAN   Association of Southeast Asian NationsEFTA    European Free Trade AreaAFTA    ASEAN Free Trade AreaPTAs    Preferential Trade agreementsIITrade bloc   貿(mào)

21、易集團Trade block  貿(mào)易禁運/ 封鎖Open regionalism 開放式區(qū)域主義Free trade area  自由貿(mào)易區(qū)Customs union   關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟Common market   共同市場Economic union   經(jīng)濟聯(lián)盟Trade embargoes    貿(mào)易禁運Boycotts   抵制歧視性關(guān)稅  discriminatory tariff

22、s經(jīng)濟制裁  economic sanction貿(mào)易彈性  trade elasticity雙邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定  bilateral trade agreement最惠國   most favored nationChapter 4 IGATT                 General Agreement on Tariffs And TradeH

23、OD                  Heads of DelegationsTRIPs                 Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property RightsGATS  

24、0;               General Agreement on Trade in ServicesTRIMs                 Trade Related Investment MeasuresMFN      &

25、#160;            Most Favored NationsII施惠國                   Patronage nations受惠國             &

26、#160;     Favored nations締約國                    Contracting Parties市場準入                  market

27、 access透明度                    transparency緊急進口措施              Urgent Importing Measures爭端解決機制        

28、;      dispute settlement mechanism可持續(xù)發(fā)展                sustainable development特許經(jīng)營                  franchiseIII1.

29、 Until now WTO has already had 150 members and its trade volume covers 90% of the total trade volume in the whole world.2. Topmost of WTO is the Ministerial Conference which has to meet at least once every two years. Under the Ministerial Conference is the General Council that has to meet at Geneva

30、regularly.3. The WTO Secretariat, which offices only in Geneva, Swizerland, has around 550 regular stuff and is headed by a Director-General. Since decisions are made by Members only, the Secretariat has no decision-making powers as the other international institutions.4. The Secretariat provides so

31、me form of legal assistance in the dispute settlement process and advises governments wishing to become Members of the WTO.Chapter 5I FOB班輪條件清關(guān)FOB吊鉤下交貨平艙多式聯(lián)運船舷內(nèi)陸水運理艙卸貨費投保CFR卸至岸上(含著陸費)班輪單據(jù)買賣CFR艙底交貨CFR班輪條件象征性交貨FOB liner termcustoms clearanceFOB Under Tackletrimmultimodal transportshipboardmarine navig

32、ation on inland waterwaystowdischarge expensecover insuranceCFR Landedlinerdocumentary salesCFR Ex-ship's HoldCFR liner termssymbolic deliveryII1. Under CFR, buyers should effect insurance.2. Under CIF Ex-Ship's Hold, seller should pay the discharge charges.3. Under CIF, the insured amount s

33、hould be US $ 22 000 if the contracted price is US $20000.4. Under CIP, seller has to procure insurance against the buyer's risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage.5. The FAS term requires the seller to clear the goods for export 6. The DEQ term requires the buyer to proceed w

34、ith the customs clearance for imports and payment of all customs duty.7. Under DDP, the seller must pay the costs of customs duties as well as all duties, taxes and other official charges payable upon exportation and importation of the goods.8. Under DDU the seller must give the buyer instant notice

35、 of the shipping of the goods as well as any other notice required in order to allow she buyer to take measure.III1. 該報價為FOB的價格并含5的傭金。2. 在CPT、CIP項下，“承運人”指在貨物運輸合同中承諾通過鐵路、公路、航空、海運、內(nèi)河水運或多式運輸?shù)确绞酵瓿韶浳镞\輸?shù)娜恕?. 在FCA項下，交貨地的選擇對貨物的裝船與卸載責任有影響。如果交貨地基于賣方，賣方有裝載責任。如果交貨地在其它地方，賣方對卸載沒有責任。4. 在FOB項下，賣方必須在約定的日期或期限內(nèi)，在指定的裝運

36、港，按照該港習慣方式，將貨物交至買方指定的船只上。買方必須自貨物在指定的裝運港越過船舷之刻起承當貨物滅失或損壞的一切風險。Questions Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N N Y N Y N N N N N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y VA.1. c; 2. d; 3. a; 4. c; 5. c; 6. c; 7. d; 8. b; 9. d; l0.cB. 1. a; 2. ab; 3. abcdf; 4. abc; 5.

37、 aefChapter 6I1. Sales by Seller's/Buyer's Sample2. Reference/Duplicate Sample3. Quality Tolerance4. Counter Sample5. More or Less Clauses6. Neutral Packing7, Customs Formality8. Inspection Certificate of Quality9. FDA10. Marking of Goods 憑賣方樣品買賣憑買方樣品買賣 基準樣品副樣 品質(zhì)公差 對等樣品 溢短裝條款 中性包裝 報關(guān)手續(xù) 質(zhì)量檢驗證

38、書 食品及藥物管理局 標記貨物II毛重理論重量凈重約定皮重公量單位重量含水量習慣皮重法定重量實際皮重從價稅平均皮重貨樣不符副產(chǎn)品國家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督校驗檢疫總局gross weighttheoretical weightnet weightcomputed tareconditioned weightunit weightwater capacitycustomary tarelegal weightactual taread valorem dutyaverage taregoods not equal to the sampleby-productsGeneral Administration o

39、f Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China III(B) mineral ore A. sample(C) ordinary garments B. manual(D) fish C.F.A.Q(E) Hair washing machines D.G. NLQ(G) medical apparatus E. famous brand(A) wheat F. specification(H) calligraphic works G. inspection(F) p

40、ower plant generator H. drawing or diagramIVI. The quality and price of commodities should be taken into consideration in choosing the packing material and package designing.2A topper, matched with the superior-grade packing, speaks itself for its high quality and preciousness.3. It will extremely i

41、ncrease the cost of the goods to pack the medium-low quality with the high quality material, and therefore, influence its sale.4. It will effect its marketing of the goods to doggedly strive for thrift in a wa5 to pack the superior quality with the low quality material.5We should take not only the q

42、uality and appearance of the goods into consideration, but also the customers' taste and preference.6. We must improve the quality of the export goods so as to strengthen its competitiveness in the international market.Chapter 7I.油輪定程租船滾裝船定期租船載駁輪光船租船船期表租船合同滯期費班輪運價表速遣費選卸附加費直航附加費轉(zhuǎn)船附加費港口擁擠附加費運輸代理包裹

43、拼箱貨結(jié)匯整箱貨空運單集裝箱貨運站裝運通知處置權(quán)Partial shipment/transshipmentBill of ladingClean B/LOrder B/LCombined transport B/LBlank B/LStraight B/LThrough B/LLiner B/LAnte-dated B/LAdvanced B/LConsignment noteBlank endorsementIATACombined transport documentsFCL/LCLOil tankerVoyage CharterRo/Ro vesselTime CharterLASH

44、( Light Aboard Ship )Bare Boat Charter(BBC)sailing schedulecharter contractdemurrage chargeliner freight rate scheduledispatch moneyoptional additionaldirect additionaltransshipment surchargePort Congestion Surchargetransportation agentpackageLCL( Less than container load)settlementFCL( Full contain

45、er load )Air waybillcontainer yardshipping noticeright of disposal分批裝船轉(zhuǎn)運提單清潔提單指示提單聯(lián)合運輸提單空白提單記名提單聯(lián)運提單班輪提單倒簽提單預(yù)借提單陸運或鐵路運輸通知空白背書國際航空運輸協(xié)會多式聯(lián)運單據(jù)整箱貨拼箱貨II1. 2. 3. x delayadvance4. x acceptedunaccepted5. 6X把“or without”去掉III1海運提單上列出了承運人和托運人之間的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。2班輪公司通常把航海時間表登載在報紙上或者分發(fā)給托運人。3. 在多式聯(lián)運提單上，卸貨港應(yīng)該是提單許可的中轉(zhuǎn)碼頭。4.

46、集裝箱收費是多種多樣的。例如附加費，總費率的確定是基本費率加上附加費率。5集裝箱的好處在于：方便處理貨物，減少盜竊，減少暴露，節(jié)約裝船成本。IV1. Transport documents which appear on their face to indicate that shipment has been made on the same means of conveyance and for the same journey, provided they indicate the same destination, will not be regarded as covering pa

47、rtial shipment, even if the transport documents indicate different dates of shipment and/or different ports of loading, places of taking in charge, or dispatch.2. Clean transport document is one which hears no clause or notation which expressly declares a defective condition of the goods and/or the

48、packaging.3. Neither the carder nor the shipper shall be responsible in any event for loss or damage to, or in connection with, goods if the nature or value thereof has been knowingly misstated by the shipper in the Bill of lading.4. Where the performance of the carriage or part thereof has been ent

49、rusted to an actual carrier, whether or not in pursuance of a liberty under the contract of carriage by sea to do so, the carrier nevertheless remains responsible for the entire carriage. The carrier is responsible, in relation to the carriage performed by the actual carrier, for the acts and omissi

50、ons of the actual carrier and of his servants and agents acting within the scope of their employment.Chapter 8I投保人共同海損投保金額外來風險保險單推定全損海上風險施救費用救助費用意外事故承保人單獨海損保險費航空運輸貨物戰(zhàn)爭險陸運險陸運一切險估損費用航空運輸一切險Ocean marine insuranceWar risksBasic risks coverageInsured amountT.P.N. DTaint of odorOverland transportation ins

51、uranceParcel post insuranceFree from particular averageAdditional risks coverageFresh water and/or rain damageWith particular averageinsuredgeneral averageinsured amountextraneous risksinsurance policyconstructive averagemarine riskssalvage chargessue and labor expensesmisfortuneinsurerparticular av

52、erageinsurance premiumair transportation war riskland transportation risksland transportation all risksrisk estimation chargesair transportation all risks charges海運保險戰(zhàn)爭險基本險種投保金額偷盜、失竊、提貨不著險串味險陸上運輸保險郵寄包裹保險平安險附加險別淡水雨淋險水漬險II.1. 2. 3. 4. X Special additional coverage such as war risks, strikes and so on

53、must be taken out together with FPA, WPA. (and all risks)5. X In essence, open policy is (not) the same as the insurance certificate.6. 7. 8. X Three (two) types of risks are covered by ocean marine insurance, namely the perils of sea, the extraneous risks (刪除 and the force majeure).9. X Ocean marin

54、e insurance covers two types of losses, partial lass and total loss perils of sea and extraneous risksIII1. Exposed to many risks in the process of transporting and loading and unloading, export goods face the possibility of loss.2. Supposed that the goods is put on deck instead of in the cabin wher

55、e it should be according to the clause stipulated in the insurance contract, insurer has the right to against any possible claims lodged by the insured.3. Cabin coverage includes the risk of falling into ocean only, and excludes the risks of fresh water, rain and soak.4. Expert credit insurance is a

56、 kind of credit insurances.5. The insured should deliver the goods to the carrier by the agreed way before the maturity of insurance.6. Initial value assurance is sealed by the seller normally, whereas increased value assurance is bought by the buyer.7. If the insured cannot get the whole or partial

57、 payment due to the commercial credit or political risks, the insurer should pay the indemnity.8. Marine insurance policy is the part of the Bill of Lading. Insurer is the marine insurance company.IV1從廣義上來講，海運保險的可保風險應(yīng)包括貨物在海上運輸中可能的損失和損壞。2戰(zhàn)爭條款是保單中的一項條款，用以保因戰(zhàn)爭引起損失的風險。3. 保險應(yīng)包括水漬險、偷盜失竊及提貨不著險和戰(zhàn)爭險。保險金額為CIF

58、價的110。如果發(fā)生賠付，賠付地為紐約，賠付款以美元計價。4倉至倉保險所承保的風險包括從貨物因運輸目的而離開倉庫起經(jīng)運輸期間以及到達 目的地倉庫(或者到期日前15天)為止，這段時間內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的風險。5如果保險人所投保的風險發(fā)生以至產(chǎn)生實際損失，托運人應(yīng)該向保險人出示單證以取得賠償。Chapter 9 Cost structure 成本構(gòu)成Cost of production 生產(chǎn)成本Profit margin 邊際利潤Selling cost 銷售成本Target costing 目標成本法Everyday low pricing (EDLP) 每日低價Total fixed cost 總固定成本Variable cost 變動成本Skimming price strategy 撇脂定價戰(zhàn)略Penetration strategy 滲透定價戰(zhàn)略Floating exchange risk 浮動匯率風險成本導(dǎo)向定價法 pricing based on cost盈虧平衡定價法 break-even pricing邊際成本定價法 marginal cost pricing損益