高中英語語法大全) (2)_第1頁
高中英語語法大全) (2)_第2頁
高中英語語法大全) (2)_第3頁
高中英語語法大全) (2)_第4頁
高中英語語法大全) (2)_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩17頁未讀 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡(jiǎn)介

1、高中英語語法大全 作者:未知 文章來源:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù):1087 更新時(shí)間:2007-6-20 21:41:07 中學(xué)語法大全 代詞 目錄 人稱代詞的用法 2 人稱代詞之主、賓格的替換 2 代詞的指代問題 3 并列人稱代詞的排列順序 3 物主代詞 4 雙重所有格 4 反身代詞 4 相互代詞 5 指示代詞 6 疑問代詞 7 關(guān)系代詞 8 every, no, all, both,. 9 none, few, some, any,. 10 代詞比較辯異one, that和it 11 one/another/the other 11 the的妙用 12 anyone/any one;. 12 bot

2、h, either, neither,. 13 many, much 14 few, little, a few,. 142.1 人稱代詞的用法 1)人稱代詞的主格在句子中作主語或主語補(bǔ)語,例如: John waited a while but eventually he went home. 約翰等了一會(huì)兒,最后他回家了。 John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. 約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗,還真是她。說明:在復(fù)合句中,如果主句和從句主語相同,代詞主語要用在從句中,名詞主語用在主句中,例如: When he arr

3、ived, John went straight to the bank. 約翰一到就直接去銀行了。2)人稱代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語或介詞賓語,但在口語中也能作主語補(bǔ)語,第一人稱在省略句中,還可以作主語,例如: I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他們?cè)谝黄?,至少我認(rèn)為是她。(her做賓 語,them做介詞賓語,her作主語補(bǔ)語) a. - Who broke the vase?-誰打碎了花瓶? b. - Me.-我。(me作主語補(bǔ)語= Its me.)說明:在上面兩例句中,her和me分別作主語補(bǔ)語?,F(xiàn)代英語中多

4、用賓格,在正式文體中這里應(yīng)為she和I。 返回頂端 2.2 人稱代詞之主、賓格的替換 1) 賓格代替主格 a.在簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話中,當(dāng)人稱代詞單獨(dú)使用或在not 后,多用賓語。 - I like English.-我喜歡英語。 - Me too.-我也喜歡。 - Have more wine?-再來點(diǎn)酒喝嗎? - Not me.-我可不要了。 b.在表示比較的非正式的文體中,常用賓格代替主格。 但如果比較狀語的謂語保留,則主語只能用主格。 He is taller than I/me. He is taller than I am.2) 主格代替賓格 a. 在介詞but,except 后,有時(shí)可用主格

5、代替賓格。 b. 在電話用語中常用主格。 - I wish to speak to Mary. -我想和瑪麗通話。 - This is she. -我就是瑪麗。注意:在動(dòng)詞be 或to be 后的人稱代詞視其前面的名詞或代詞而定。 I thought it was she. 我以為是她。(主格-主格) I thought it to be her.(賓格-賓格) I was taken to be she.我被當(dāng)成了她。(主格-主格) They took me to be her.他們把我當(dāng)成了她。 (賓格-賓格) 返回頂端 2.3 代詞的指代問題 1)不定代詞 anybody,everybo

6、dy,nobody,anyone, someone, everyone,no one, 及whoever和person在正式場(chǎng)合使用時(shí),可用he, his, him代替。 Nobody came, did he?誰也沒來,是嗎?2)動(dòng)物名詞的指代一般用it或they代替,有時(shí)也用he, she,帶有親切的感情色彩。 Give the cat some food. She is hungry.給這貓一些吃的。她餓了。3)指代車或國(guó)家,船舶的名詞,含感情色彩時(shí)常用she。 返回頂端 2.4 并列人稱代詞的排列順序 1) 單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?第二人稱 第三人稱 第一人稱 you h

7、e/she;it - I You, he and I should return on time. 2) 復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞作主語時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 weyou They 注意: 在下列情況中,第一人稱放在前面。 a. 在承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤,承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí), It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和約翰惹她生氣了。b. 在長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩,長(zhǎng)官對(duì)下屬說話時(shí),如長(zhǎng)官為第一人稱, 如:I and you try to finish it.c. 并列主語只有第一人稱和第三人稱時(shí),d. 當(dāng)其他人稱代詞或名詞被定語從句修飾時(shí)。 返回頂端 2.5 物主代詞 1)

8、物主代詞既有表示所屬的作用又有指代作用,例如: John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk. 約翰割破了手指,顯而易見,他桌子上有個(gè)破玻璃杯。 物主代詞有形容詞性(my, your等)和名詞性(mine, yours等)兩種,形容詞性的物主代詞屬于限定詞。 名詞性的物主代詞在用法上相當(dāng)于省略了中心名詞的-s屬格結(jié)構(gòu),例如: Jacks cap 意為 The cap is Jacks. His cap 意為 The cap is his.2) 名詞性物主代詞的句法功能 a. 作主語,例如: Ma

9、y I use your pen? Yours works better. 我可以用一用你的鋼筆嗎? 你的比我的好用。 b. 作賓語,例如: I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我愛我的祖國(guó)就像你愛你的祖國(guó)一樣深。 c. 作介詞賓語,例如: Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)按我所用的詞義去解釋我說的話,而不能按你自己的意義去解釋。d. 作主語補(bǔ)語,例如: The life I have is yours. Its y

10、ours. Its yours.我的生命屬于你,屬于你,屬于你。 返回頂端 2.6 雙重所有格 物主代詞不可與 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等詞一起前置,修飾一個(gè)名詞,而必須用雙重所有格。 公式為: a, an, this, that +名詞+of +名詞性物主代詞。如: a friend of mine. each brother of his. 返回頂端 2.7 反身代詞 1) 列表I you you she he myself yours

11、elf yourselves herself himselfwe they it one ourselves themselves itself oneself2)做賓語 a. 有些動(dòng)詞需有反身代詞 absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.我們昨晚玩得很開心。 Please help yourself to some fish. 請(qǐng)你隨便吃點(diǎn)魚。 b. 用于及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+介詞 take pride in, be

12、 annoyed with, help oneself to sth. I could not dress (myself) up at that time.那個(gè)時(shí)候我不能打扮我自己。 注:有些動(dòng)詞后不跟反身代詞, get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。 Please sit down.請(qǐng)坐。3) 作表語; 同位語 be oneself: I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。 The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。 4) 在不強(qiáng)調(diào)的情況下,but, except, for 等介詞后賓語用

13、反身代詞或人稱代詞賓格均可。如: No one but myself (me) is hurt. 注意: a. 反身代詞本身不能單獨(dú)作主語。 (錯(cuò)) Myself drove the car. (對(duì)) I myself drove the car.我自己開車。 b. 但在and, or, nor連接的并列主語中,第二個(gè)主語可用反身代詞,特別是myself 作主語。 Charles and myself saw it.5)第二人稱作賓語,要用反身代詞。 You should be proud of yourself.你應(yīng)為自己感到驕傲。 返回頂端 2.8 相互代詞 1)相互代詞只有each ot

14、her和one another兩個(gè)詞組。他們表示句中動(dòng)詞所敘述的動(dòng)作或感覺在涉及的各個(gè)對(duì)象之間是相互存在的,例如: It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other. 顯而易見,不同文化的人總是相互借鑒的。2) 相互代詞的句法功能: a. 作動(dòng)詞賓語; People should love one another. 人們應(yīng)當(dāng)彼此相愛。b. 可作介詞賓語; Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other. 吠、雞鳴、蛙兒對(duì)唱。

15、說明:傳統(tǒng)語法認(rèn)為,相互關(guān)系存在于兩個(gè)人或物之間用each other, 存在于兩個(gè)以上人和物之間用one another?,F(xiàn)代英語中,兩組詞交替使用的實(shí)例也很多,例如:He put all the books beside each other. 他把所有書并列擺放起來。 He put all the books beside one another. 他把所有書并列擺放起來。 Usually these small groups were independent of each other. 這些小團(tuán)體通常是相互獨(dú)立的。c. 相互代詞可加-s構(gòu)成所有格,例如: The students b

16、orrowed each others notes. 學(xué)生們互借筆記。 返回頂端 2.9 指示代詞 1) 指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these / those)兩種形式,既可作限定詞又可做代詞,例如: 單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù) 限定詞:This girl is Mary.Those men are my teachers. 代詞:This is Mary. Those are my teachers.2) 指示代詞的句法功能; a. 作主語 This is the way to do it. 這事兒就該這樣做。 b. 作賓語 I like this better than that. 我

17、喜歡這個(gè)甚至那個(gè)。 c. 作主語補(bǔ)語 My point is this. 我的觀點(diǎn)就是如此。 d. 作介詞賓語 I dont say no to that. 我并未拒絕那個(gè)。 There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。 說明1: 指示代詞在作主語時(shí)可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分時(shí)只能指物,不能指人,例如: (對(duì))That is my teacher.那是我的老師。( that作主語,指人) (對(duì))He is going to marry this girl.他要和這個(gè)姑娘結(jié)婚。(this作限定詞) (錯(cuò))He is going to marry this.(this作賓

18、語時(shí)不能指人) (對(duì))I bought this.我買這個(gè)。(this指物,可作賓語)說明2: That和those可作定語從句的先行詞,但this和 these不能,同時(shí),在作先行詞時(shí),只有those可指人,試比較: (對(duì)) He admired that which looked beautiful.他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。 (對(duì)) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人) (錯(cuò)) He admired that who danced well.(that作賓語時(shí)不能指人) (對(duì)) He admired thos

19、e who danced well.他贊賞跳舞好的人。(those指人) (對(duì)) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西。(those指物) 返回頂端 2.10 疑問代詞 1) 疑問代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用,用來構(gòu)成疑問句。疑問代詞有下列幾個(gè): 指人: who, whom, whose 指物: what 既可指人又可指物: which2) 疑問代詞在句中應(yīng)位于謂語動(dòng)詞之前,沒有性和數(shù)的變化,除who之外也沒有格的變化。what, which, whose還可作限定詞。試比較:疑問代詞:Whose are these book

20、s on the desk? 桌上的書是誰的? What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美國(guó)的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張是朝哪個(gè)方向的? 限定詞:Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的書是誰的? What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以東的大部分土地歸屬于美國(guó)?說明1: 無論是做疑問代詞還是限定詞,which 和 wh

21、at 所指的范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無限的,而which則指在一定的范圍內(nèi),例如: Which girls do you like best? 你喜歡哪幾個(gè)姑娘? What girls do you like best? 你喜歡什么樣的姑娘?說明2: Whom是who的賓格,在書面語中,它作動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞賓語,在口語中作賓語時(shí),可用who代替,但在介詞后只能用whom, 例如: Who(m) did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了誰?(作動(dòng)詞賓語) Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把這書帶給誰?(作介詞賓語,置句首

22、) To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校園里和誰講話了?(作介詞賓語,置介詞 后,不能用who取代。)說明3: 疑問代詞用于對(duì)介詞賓語提問時(shí),過去的文體中介詞和疑問代詞通常一起放在句首,現(xiàn)代英語中,疑問代詞在句首,介詞在句未,例如: For what do most people live and work? 大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(舊文體) What are you looking for? 你在找什么?(現(xiàn)代英語)說明4: 疑問代詞還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,例如: I cant make out what he is driving at.

23、我不知道他用意何在。 Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed? 你能告訴我床上的藍(lán)襯衣是誰的嗎? Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you. 你說的我大部分同意,但并不完全贊同。 返回頂端 2.11 關(guān)系代詞 1) 關(guān)系代詞用來引導(dǎo)定語從句。它代表先行詞,同時(shí)在從句中作一定的句子成分,例如:The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.跟我講話的姑娘是我表妹。(該句中whom既代表先行詞the girl

24、,又在從句中作介詞to的賓語。)2) 關(guān)系代詞有主格,賓格和屬格之分,并有指人與指物之分。在限定性定語從句中,that 可指人也可指物,見下: 限定性非限定性限定性 指人指物指人或指物 主 格who which that 賓 格 whomthat that 屬 格 whose of which/whose of which/whose例如: This is the pencil whose point is broken. 這就是那個(gè)折了尖的鉛筆。 (whose 指物,在限定性定語從句中作定語) He came back for the book which he had forgotten.

25、他回來取他丟下的書。 (which指物,在限定性定語從句中作賓語,可以省略)3) 關(guān)系代詞which的先行詞可以是一個(gè)句子,例如: He said he saw me there, which was a lie. 他說在那兒看到了我,純屬謊言。說明: 關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作賓語或表語時(shí)可省略, 例如: Ive forgotten much of the Latin I once knew. 我過去懂拉丁語,現(xiàn)在大都忘了。 Hes changed. Hes not the man he was. 他變化很大,已不是過去的他了。 返回頂端 2.12 every, no, all, both,

26、. 1)不定代詞有 all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。 2) 不定代詞的功能與用法 a.除every 和no外不定代詞既可用作名詞,也可用作形容詞。eve

27、ry和no在句中只能作定語。 I have no idea about it. b.all 都,指三者以上。 all 的主謂一致:all的單復(fù)數(shù)由它所修飾或指代的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。 All goes well. 一切進(jìn)展得很好。 all 通常不與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,如:不說 all the book,而說 the whole book。 但all可與表時(shí)間的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,如 all day,all night,all the year; 但習(xí)慣上不說 all hour,all century。 all還可以與一些特殊的單數(shù)名詞連用,如 all China,all the city,all m

28、y life, all the way 3) both都,指兩者。 a.both 與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用,但 both and可與單數(shù)名詞連用。 b.both, all 都可作同位語,其位置在行為動(dòng)詞前, be 動(dòng)詞之后。如果助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞省 去,則位于助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之前。 Who can speak Japanese?We both (all) can. 4)neither兩者都不 a.neither作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 b. 作定語與單數(shù)名詞連用,但neither nor 用作并列連詞,可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用。其謂語采用就近原則。 c.可用于下列句型,避免重復(fù)。 She cant

29、 sing,neither (can) he. neither 與nor d.如前句是否定式從句,則主句用neither,而不用 nor。 If you dont do it,neither should I.如果你不干,我也不干。 e. 如后連續(xù)有幾個(gè)否定句式,則用nor,不用neither。 He cant sing,nor dance,nor skate. 返回頂端 2.13 none, few, some, any,. 一、 none 無 1) none作主語,多與of 構(gòu)成短語 none of。 在答語中,none可單獨(dú)使用。 Are there any pictures on th

30、e wall?None. 2) none作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)均可。但如做表語,則其單復(fù)數(shù)與表語一致。 It is none of your business. 二、few 一些,少數(shù) few 作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),多用于肯定句。三、some 一些 1) 可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞連用。 2) 當(dāng)做某一解時(shí),也可與單數(shù)名詞連用。(= a certain) You will be sorry for this some day. 總有一天,你會(huì)后悔這件事的。 A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule. 某些人不同意你的看法。注意:

31、(1)在肯定疑問句中用some代替any。 (2)some用于其他句式中: a.肯定疑問句中:說話人認(rèn)為對(duì)方的答案會(huì)是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答時(shí)。 Would you like句式中,表委婉請(qǐng)求或建議,如: Would you like some coffee? b.在條件狀語從句中表示確定的意義時(shí),如: If you need some help,let me know. c. some位于主語部分, Some students havent been there before. d. 當(dāng)否定的是整體中的部分時(shí),some可用于否定句。如: I havent heard from some

32、of my old friends these years. 這些年我沒有收到一些老朋友的信。四、any 一些 1)any 多用于否定句和疑問句和條件狀語從句中。 當(dāng)句中含有任何的意思時(shí),any可用于肯定句。 Here are three novels. You may read any.這有三本小說,你可任讀一本。五、one, ones 為復(fù)數(shù)形式 ones必須和形容詞連用。如果替代的名詞時(shí)無形容詞在前,則用some, any,而不 用ones。 Have you bought any rulers?Yes,I ve bought some. 返回頂端 2.14 代詞比較辯異one, tha

33、t和it one表示泛指,that和it 表示特指。that與所指名詞為同類,但不是同一個(gè),而it 與所指名詞為同一個(gè)。 I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定) 我找不到我的帽子了。我想我該去買一頂。The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同類但不同個(gè)) 你買的那頂帽子比我買的大。 I cant find my hat. I don t know where I put it.( 同一物) 我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。 返回頂端 2.15 one/another/th

34、e other one the other只有兩個(gè) some the others 有三個(gè)以上 one another,another some others,others others = other people/things the others = the rest剩余的全部 1) 泛指另一個(gè)用another。 2) 一定范圍內(nèi)兩人(物),一個(gè)用one,另一個(gè)用the other。 3) 一定范圍內(nèi)三者,一個(gè)用one,另一個(gè)用one (another),第三個(gè)可用the other,a third。 4) 一定范圍內(nèi),除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用the others。 5) 泛指別的

35、人或物時(shí),用others當(dāng)在一定范圍內(nèi),除去一部分后,剩余部分但不是全部時(shí),也用others。 返回頂端 2.16 the的妙用 He is one of the students who help me. He is the one of the students who helps me. 他是幫我的學(xué)生之一。 第一句定語從句與the students 一致。 第二句定語從句與the one 一致。 返回頂端 2.17 anyone/any one;. 1anyone 和 any one anyone僅指人,any one既可指人,也可指物。2no one 和none a) none 后跟

36、of短語,既可指人又可指物,而no one只單獨(dú)使用,只指人。b) none 作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用單,復(fù)數(shù)均可,而no one作主語謂語動(dòng)詞只能是單數(shù)。 None of you could lift it. 你們中沒有人可舉起它。- Did any one call me up just now?-剛才有人打電話給我嗎? - No one. -沒有。3every 和each 1)every 強(qiáng)調(diào)全體的概念, each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念。 Every student in our school works hard.我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生都很用功。 Each student may have one book.

37、每個(gè)學(xué)生都可有一本書。2)every 指三個(gè)以上的人或物(含三個(gè)),each指兩個(gè)以上的人或物 (含兩個(gè))。3)every 只作形容詞,不可單獨(dú)使用。each可作代詞或形容詞。 Every student has to take one. Each boy has to take one. Each of the boys has to take one.4)every不可以作狀語,each可作狀語。5)every 有反復(fù)重復(fù)的意思,如 every two weeks等; each沒有。6)every 與not 連用,表示部分否定; each 和not連用表示全部否定。 Every man i

38、s not honest. 并非每個(gè)人都誠(chéng)實(shí)。 Each man is not honest.這兒每個(gè)人都不誠(chéng)實(shí)。 返回頂端 2.18 both, either, neither,. 這些詞都可用作代詞或形容詞。其位置都在be 動(dòng)詞之后,行為動(dòng)詞之前或第一助動(dòng)詞之后。1)both (兩者都),either(兩者中任何一個(gè)), neither (兩者都不)。以上詞使用范圍為兩個(gè)人或物。 Neither of the two boys is clever.兩個(gè)男孩都不聰明。 2) both,either both與復(fù)數(shù)連用,either與單數(shù)連用。 Both the boys are clever

39、. 兩個(gè)男孩都很聰明。 Either of the two boys is clever. 兩個(gè)男孩都很聰明。 There are flowers on both sides of the street. (兩岸) There are flowers on either side of the street. (岸的兩邊) 路邊長(zhǎng)滿了野花。3) all (所有的,全部的人或物),any (任何一個(gè)), none (都不)。 以上詞使用范圍為三者以上。 All the flowers are gone.所有的花都謝了。 I dont like any of the flowers.這些花我都不喜

40、歡。 I like none of the flowers.這些花我都不喜歡。注意:all與none用法一樣。跟單數(shù)名詞,用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞;跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 All of the students are there. 所有的學(xué)生都在那。 All (of) the milk is there. 所有的牛奶都在那。 返回頂端 2.19 many, much Many,much都意為許多, many + 可數(shù)名詞,much + 不可數(shù)名詞。 How many people are there at the meeting? How much time has we left? Many of t

41、he workers were at the meeting. Much of the time was spent on learning. 返回頂端 2.20 few, little, a few,. (a) few + 可數(shù)名詞, (a) little + 不可數(shù)名詞 a few / a little 為肯定含義,還有一點(diǎn) few / little為否定含義,沒有多少了。 He has a few friends.他有幾個(gè)朋友。 He has few friends. 他幾乎沒有朋友。 We still have a little time. 我們還有點(diǎn)時(shí)間。 There is litt

42、le time left.幾乎沒剩下什么時(shí)間了。典型例題: Although he s wealthy,he spends_ on clothes. A. little B. fewC. a little D. a few 答案: A. spend所指的是錢,不可數(shù),只能用little或 a little. 本句為although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,由句意知后句為否定含義,因此應(yīng)用little表示幾乎不。固定搭配: only a few (=few) not a few (=many) quite a few (=many) many a (=many) Many books were sol

43、d. Many a book was sold. 賣出了許多書。 返回頂端中學(xué)語法大全 倒裝 目錄 倒裝句之全部倒裝 17 倒裝句之部分倒裝 17 以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝 18 so, either, nor作部分倒裝 18 only在句首要倒裝的情況 19 as, though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句 19 其他部分倒裝 192.21 倒裝句之全部倒裝 全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有: 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There

44、 goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter.2) 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首,謂語表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman.注意:上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞,如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。 Here he comes. Away they went. 返回頂端 2.22 倒裝句之部分倒裝 部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,則需添

45、加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did,并將其置于主語之前。1)句首為否定或半否定的詞語,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句,主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。

46、注意: 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例題1)Why cant I smoke here? At no time_ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permittedB.smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permittedD.does smoking permit 答案A. 這是一個(gè)倒裝問題。當(dāng)否定詞語置于句首以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),

47、其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 這些否定詞包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本題的正常語序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2) Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know 答案D. 看到Not until的句型,我們知道為一倒裝句,答案在C,

48、D 中選一個(gè)。 改寫為正常語序?yàn)?,Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現(xiàn)在將not提前,后面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。返回頂端 2.23 以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝 如 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student

49、came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.典型例題 No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B.has the game begun C. did the game begin D.had the game begun 答案D. 以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時(shí),一般采用倒裝句(謂語前置)。這類表示否定意義的詞有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, har

50、dly, 以及not onlybut (also), no soonerthan, hardly when scarcely when等等。注意:只有當(dāng)Not only but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí),才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語,不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 Not only you but also I am fond of music. 返回頂端 2.24 so, either, nor作部分倒裝 表示也、也不 的句子要部分倒裝。 Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If you wont go, ne

51、ither will I.典型例題 -Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? -I dont know, _. A. nor dont I careB. nor do I careC. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also 答案:B. nor為增補(bǔ)意思也不關(guān)心,因此句子應(yīng)倒裝。A錯(cuò)在用 dont 再次否定, C neither 用法不對(duì)且缺乏連詞。 D缺乏連詞。 注意: 當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí),不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為的確如此。 Tom asked me to go to play f

52、ootball and so I did. -Its raining hard.-So it is. 返回頂端 2.25 only在句首要倒裝的情況 Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 如果句子為主從復(fù)合句,則主句倒裝,從句不倒裝 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 返回頂端 2.26 as, though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句 as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 (形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實(shí)義

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

最新文檔

評(píng)論

0/150

提交評(píng)論