高考英語語法備考《代詞》ppt課件

1、代詞代詞Pronoun代詞的分類代詞的分類1 1、人稱代詞、人稱代詞2 2、物主代詞、物主代詞3 3、反身代詞、反身代詞4 4、指示代詞、指示代詞5 5、相互代詞、相互代詞6 6、不定代詞、不定代詞7 7、疑問代詞、疑問代詞8 8、連接代詞、關系代詞、連接代詞、關系代詞 單數單數 復數復數主主格格I, you, he, she, itwe, you , they賓賓格格me,you ,him, her, it us, you, them人稱代詞人稱代詞 一、人稱代詞的用法一、人稱代詞的用法作主語用主格作主語用主格; ;作賓語用賓格。作賓語用賓格。 She teaches us English.

2、在單獨使用在沒有謂語的句子中時，用賓格作主語。在單獨使用在沒有謂語的句子中時，用賓格作主語。 eg. A. _Who will go there to fetch a desk? _Me. B._I like her. _ Me, too. 作主語補語時用主格、作主語補語時用主格、作賓語補語時用賓格作賓語補語時用賓格 I was taken to be she. 我被當成了她我被當成了她。 They took me to be her. 他們把我當成了她。他們把我當成了她。 2)2)在句中作表語，常用賓格。在句中作表語，常用賓格。- - Who is it? -Its me. 但是：有時也用主

3、格：但是：有時也用主格： a. If I were she, I wouldt go there. b. It was I who told him about it. . 3 3）要注意這樣的句子意思：）要注意這樣的句子意思： a. I like you as much as her. ( (我喜歡你和喜歡她一樣）我喜歡你和喜歡她一樣） b. I like you as much as she. ( (我和她一樣喜歡你）我和她一樣喜歡你） c. I love you more than him. ( (我愛你勝過愛他）我愛你勝過愛他） d. I love you more than he.

4、（我比他更愛你（我比他更愛你. .）人稱代詞的順序：人稱代詞的順序： 1）we you and they 2) you he she and I(但是但是: :如果是承擔責任時又將如果是承擔責任時又將I I放在最前面放在最前面）3）he and she4)4)如果比自己地位的人在一起也將如果比自己地位的人在一起也將I I置前置前 另類用法：另類用法：如果指心目中的人要用如果指心目中的人要用it _Who is there? _It is Li Ming.she通常還可以用來指國家，船只，大地，月亮，通常還可以用來指國家，船只，大地，月亮，貓狗等，（在美國常用貓狗等，（在美國常用she指代狗，指

5、代狗，he指代指代貓）。貓）。1.Who is going to help them,_? you or me B. I or youA.C. you or I D.me or you 2. _will attend the meeting to be held next Thursday. I,he and you B. You , he and I C. He, you and I D. You ,I and he 3. Who _ at the door? Its _. A. are you, I B. is he, him C. is it, me D. is it, I 二、物主代詞

6、 單數單數 復數復數形容形容詞性詞性my, your, his, her,its our, your, their 名詞名詞性性mine, yours, his,hers, itsours, yours, theirs1.Are these trousers yours? No. _ are over there.2. Her hair is much longer than _ (我的我的).3. This dog of _ (你你) never bites.(名詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞+相同相同的名詞）的名詞） Minemineyours三、反身代詞三、

7、反身代詞單單數數myself , yourself, himself, herself,itself復復數數ourselves, yourselves, themselves反身代詞所搭配的詞組：反身代詞所搭配的詞組：1.by oneself 獨自地（無人作伴）獨自地（無人作伴）2.for oneself 替替/ /為自己，單獨地（獨自思考，不需討論為自己，單獨地（獨自思考，不需討論）3.of oneself 自動地，自行地，單獨地（無需別人幫忙）自動地，自行地，單獨地（無需別人幫忙）4. to oneself 對自己對自己5.in oneself 本來，本身本來，本身6.between on

8、eselves 秘密地秘密地 be not oneself 身體不舒服身體不舒服 not look oneself反身代詞的句法功能：反身代詞的句法功能：1.1.作主語同位語作主語同位語位置可以緊跟在主語后面也可以放在句子位置可以緊跟在主語后面也可以放在句子最后末尾。最后末尾。 You can go there yourself. You yourself can go there.2.2.作賓語同位語作賓語同位語 I often see him himself clean his office.3.3.作表語作表語4.4.作賓語作賓語（介詞賓語和動詞賓語）（介詞賓語和動詞賓語）5.5.作并列

9、主語作并列主語填空：用反身代詞（短語）填空：用反身代詞（短語）1.Yours is not a bad idea _.2. Laura is not quite _ today3. Please dont call on me. I am not_ today.4. What I said just now is only _.5. If you dont believe me, you can go and see _.6. I dont know when the door closed_. in itself herself myself for myself yourself of i

10、tself 動詞詞組：動詞詞組：1.congratulate oneself on 暗自慶幸暗自慶幸2.enjoy oneself 3. express oneself 表達表達4.devote oneself to 致力于致力于,獻身于獻身于5. dress oneself 穿衣穿衣6. find oneself 發(fā)現自己發(fā)現自己7.help oneself to 隨便吃隨便吃8.make oneself at home 不要客氣不要客氣9. hide oneself 躲藏躲藏10. hurt oneself 受傷受傷11. lose oneself in 陶醉于陶醉于12. keep st

11、h. to oneself 保守秘密保守秘密13. seat oneself 就坐就坐14. leave sb by oneself 把某人單獨留下把某人單獨留下15. teach oneself, learn sth by oneself 自學自學16.apply oneself to 致力于致力于17.content oneself with 對對 滿意滿意18.occupy oneself 忙碌于忙碌于 19.tear oneself away from 依依不舍地離開依依不舍地離開20.make oneself understood 讓別人聽懂讓別人聽懂e to oneself 蘇醒蘇

12、醒22.call oneself 自稱自稱ones own/ of ones own 某人自己的某人自己的This is his own house .（這是他自己的房子這是他自己的房子）This is a house of his own.（這是他自己的一棟房子這是他自己的一棟房子）This house is his own.（這棟房子是他自己的這棟房子是他自己的） 四，指示代詞四，指示代詞1.1.時空的差別時空的差別 （離我們近的就（離我們近的就用用 this, ,遠的就用遠的就用that） This seat is here near me and that one is in the

13、last row. Which will you have, this or that？2 2. this 和和 that 在行文敘述上的差別。在行文敘述上的差別。( (下文要說的用下文要說的用this, ,上文已經說過的用上文已經說過的用that) )1）I shall say this to you: he is a poor man.2）He was ill. Thats why he didnt come.3）I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday.3.3.用于人物介紹用于人物介紹This

14、is my friend and that is my student.4.4.電話用語電話用語 _ _Who is that?（你是誰？）（你是誰？） _This is（我是（我是）5.相當于相當于 so ,“這樣，那樣這樣，那樣” Can hard work change a person that much? Sorry ,I cant run this far?6.one/some/it _I want to find a hotel. Is there one nearby? _Yes, there are some. The best one is very large. _Can

15、 you tell me where it is?7.some/certain/a(an) 1)Some/A certain boy is waiting for you.（有個男孩在等你）（有個男孩在等你） 2)Some/Certain boys are playing there.（有些男孩在等你）（有些男孩在等你） 3)Xiao Fang is there.（小芳在等你）（小芳在等你） 4)A Xiao Fang is there.（有個叫小芳的在等你）（有個叫小芳的在等你） 8.8.名詞的替代名詞的替代：(one, ones, that, those)1)This ruler is l

16、onger than that one.2)These rulers are longer than those ones.3)This ruler is longer than that/the one on the desk.4)These rulers are longer than those/the ones on the desk.5)The water in this sea is deeper than that in that one.6)This pair of shoes is older than that (pair).7)This piece of paper is

17、 newer than that (piece).解析解析：1.1.一個名詞在句中第二次出現的話，可數名詞單數用一個名詞在句中第二次出現的話，可數名詞單數用oneone替代替代( (如如1),1),可數名詞復數用可數名詞復數用onesones替代替代( (如如2)2)。2.2.一個名詞在句中第二次出現一個名詞在句中第二次出現且后面有定語且后面有定語的時候，可數名詞單的時候，可數名詞單數用數用that/the one替代（如替代（如3 3），可數名詞復數用），可數名詞復數用those/the ones替替代（如代（如4 4），不可數名詞只能用），不可數名詞只能用that替代（如替代（如5 5）

18、五，不定代詞五，不定代詞 1. every/each（每每） every只能用于三者以上只能用于三者以上,each沒有限制沒有限制 1)There are trees on every/each side of the playground. 2)There are trees on each side of the street. 2.both/neither/either/all/none both(只能用于兩者只能用于兩者“兩者都兩者都”) neither(只能用于兩者只能用于兩者“兩者中如何一個都不兩者中如何一個都不”) either(只能用于兩者只能用于兩者“兩者中隨便哪一個兩者中隨

19、便哪一個”) all(三者以上三者以上“都都”) none(三者中任何一個三者中任何一個“都不都不”) 1)There are trees on both sides of the road. 2)There are trees on each side of the road. 3)There are trees on either side of the road. 4) All of my friends are doctors. 5)None of my friends are doctors. 道路每邊都有樹道路每邊都有樹。3.none/nothing的區(qū)別的區(qū)別看看下面句中他們的用

20、法，體會其不同含義看看下面句中他們的用法，體會其不同含義1) There is nothing in my room, so I want to buy some furniture.2)How I want to have some furniture in my room, but there is none at present.3) He was very hungry ,but he found none in the cupboard.4)He has nothing to read today.5)He wants to read books ,but he has none.

21、由上例句可見：由上例句可見：nothing指沒有東西，指沒有東西，none指沒有心指沒有心中所指的東西或者前面提到的物。即中所指的東西或者前面提到的物。即:none=no+前面前面提到或者心中明白的那個名詞。提到或者心中明白的那個名詞。6) How can you hope for mercy if you show none?4.onethe other（只能用于兩者）一個只能用于兩者）一個另一另一個個1)I have two sisters.One is a doctor and the other is a teacher.2)I have three books.One is Engl

22、ish and the other two are Chinese.3)She has bought four computers.One is expensive and the other three are very cheap. 5.(三者之間三者之間）oneonea third oneanothera third oneanotherand still another1)He has three coats.One is blue,one is red and a third is white.2)They have drawn three pictures.One is a hor

23、se ,another is a cat and a third is a snake.3I know three foreigners.One is American,another is English and still another is German. 6.(在一定范圍內）在一定范圍內）（除去一部分人或物剩余的部分不是全部）（除去一部分人或物剩余的部分不是全部）someothers（除去一部分人或物剩余的全部除去一部分人或物剩余的全部）somethe others （有的有的有的有的有的有的.）somesomesomeothers1)There are 60 students in

24、 our class.Some are boys and the others are girls.2)There are 60 students in our class.Some are very short and others are very tall.3)When doing general cleaning,some are sweeping the floor,some are cleaning the blackboard,some are carrying water and others are cleaning the windows. 7.others 除了上述短語中

25、的用法，還有除了上述短語中的用法，還有“別人別人”的意思的意思。 eg.Dont lend my books to others.8.another 泛指另一個泛指另一個 eg.1)I dont like this pen,please show me another. 2)If you are unwilling to help you,I have to turn to another.9.部分否定（不完全否定）部分否定（不完全否定）All not= Not all（并非都并非都)Bothnot= Not both(并非兩個都并非兩個都)Everynot= Not every(并非每個都并

26、非每個都)1)All is not gold that gliters.(閃光的東西不一定都閃光的東西不一定都是金子是金子) )2)All the students are not busy.=Not all the students are busy.(并非所有的學生都忙并非所有的學生都忙)3)Both his parents arent doctors.=Not both his parents are doctors.(他父母親并不都是醫(yī)生他父母親并不都是醫(yī)生)4)Every boy doesnt like English.=Not every boy likes English.(并非

27、每個男孩都喜歡英語并非每個男孩都喜歡英語)將上面的句子改為全部肯定和全部否定：將上面的句子改為全部肯定和全部否定：1) a.All the students are busy.( .( 所有學生都忙所有學生都忙) ) b.None of the students are/is busy.(.(學生們都不忙學生們都不忙) )2)a.2)a.Both his parente are doctors.=Both of his parents are doctors.=Either his parent is a doctor.=Either of his parents is a doctor.(.

28、(他父母都是醫(yī)生他父母都是醫(yī)生) ) b.Neither his parent is a doctor.=Neither of his parents are doctors/is a doctor.(他父母都不是醫(yī)生他父母都不是醫(yī)生) )3)a.Every boy likes English.(.(每個男孩都喜歡英語每個男孩都喜歡英語) ) b. None of the boys like(s) English.(.(每個男孩都不喜每個男孩都不喜歡英語歡英語) )9.9.與與 other有關常用短語有關常用短語 the other day(前幾天前幾天） some other day( (

29、改天改天） other than（除了除了） in other words（換句話說換句話說） every other day（每隔一天每隔一天） none other than(不是別人不是別人 / / 他物正他物正是是) among others(此外還有，除了別的以外此外還有，除了別的以外） other from(不同于不同于）10.與與none有關的短語有關的短語 none of ones business（不關某人的事不關某人的事） second to none（獨樹一幟，屈指可數獨樹一幟，屈指可數） have none of 不參加，不接受，不理睬不參加，不接受，不理睬 be no

30、ne the wiser不知情不知情 none too(形容詞、副詞前）不太，一點都不形容詞、副詞前）不太，一點都不11. 幾個代詞幾個代詞+but的短語的短語none but(=no one except) None but my mother fully understands my condition. （最了解我的情況的人是我的母親（最了解我的情況的人是我的母親) nothing but( 僅僅，肯定，絕對）僅僅，肯定，絕對） He is nothing but a doctor. anything but(=not at all, by no means) He is anythin

31、g but a doctor. The question is anything but easy. all but(=nearly/almost She all but fainted when she heard the news. （聽到那消息，她差點暈過去。）聽到那消息，她差點暈過去。） . 注意下面三種完全的否定回答注意下面三種完全的否定回答 1）_Who is in the room now? _Nobody/No one. 2） _What did you do yesterday? _Nothing. 3） _How many books do you have? _None.

32、 _How much furniture is there in your room? _None.六，與六，與something/anything/nothing 有關的短語有關的短語 do something/do things/take measures (steps ) 采取措施采取措施 do nothing 沒有采取措施沒有采取措施 do much 采取大量的措施采取大量的措施 do little 幾乎沒有采取措施幾乎沒有采取措施 do what 采取什么措施采取什么措施 have something to do with 與與有關有關 have nothing to do with

33、 與與無關無關 have no reference to 與與無關無關 have much to do with 與與有很大的關系有很大的關系 have little to do with 與與 幾乎沒有關系幾乎沒有關系 have what to do with 與與有什么關系有什么關系 have something in common with 與與有共同之處有共同之處 have nothing in common with 與與.沒有共同之處沒有共同之處 have much in common with 與與有許多共同之處有許多共同之處 have little in common with

34、 與與幾乎沒有共同之處幾乎沒有共同之處1)if anything(如果有什么區(qū)別的話如果有什么區(qū)別的話）You ,if anything, are a little lazier.Her family ,if anything ,is richer than mine.2)if any（如果有的話如果有的話）Please correct the mistakes, if any.3)something like( 類似某人類似某人/ /某事物某事物; ;近似于某人近似于某人/ /某事物某事物） a. Your coat is something like hers.(你外套和她的你外套和她的相

35、仿相仿） b. He earns something like 3000 yuan a month.4)not much of a（不太好的不太好的） He is not much of a doctor.（他并不是個高明的他并不是個高明的醫(yī)生醫(yī)生） 七，七，it 的用法的用法1.1.上文提到的事、物上文提到的事、物Yesterday I bought a book and it is very interesting.2.2.心目中的人，事心目中的人，事 _Who is knocking at the door? _It is me.3. 3. 時間，天氣，距離，溫度，環(huán)境等時間，天氣，距離

36、，溫度，環(huán)境等 1)Its five now. 2)Its 10 miles from here to the center. 3)Is it very cold in winter there? 4)Its minus two degrees centigrade today. 5)In my hometown it is quiet at night.4.4.形式主語形式主語（代替不定式，不定式復合結構，動名詞，（代替不定式，不定式復合結構，動名詞，動名詞復合結構或者從句）動名詞復合結構或者從句） 1)Its hard for us to study all the subjects we

37、ll. 2)Its fun to swim in the river in summer. 3)Its no use crying over the spilt milk. 4)Its a waste of money you/your buying too much fruit. 5)Its true that he came here last week.5.5.形式賓語形式賓語1)1)（代替不定式，動名詞或者從句）（代替不定式，動名詞或者從句） a) We think it hard to study all the subjects well. b) We find it no use

38、 studying without goals. c) You must keep( it )in mind that we should try our best.2) like/love/hate/appreciate/prefer +it +if/when/that a.I like it if you can come here. b. I would appreciate it if you accepted. c.I hate it when you speak with your mouth full.3)have(表明表明, ,報道報道）take（認為，猜想認為，猜想）put（

39、表達，寫出來表達，寫出來)+ it + that從句。從句。 a. May I take it that you have agreed to stay with us b. Report has it that 10 people were killed in the accident. c. As he puts it, she is selfish.更多的例句：更多的例句： a) have it that稱稱屬實，說屬實，說是真的是真的 Rumour has it that據傳據傳 b) take it that假定假定/ /假設假設/ /認為認為 I take it that he w

40、ont succeed. c) take it from me that我敢擔保我敢擔保/肯定沒錯肯定沒錯 Take it from me that he will succeed.d）put it to sb. that與與挑明挑明 /對對提出提出 I put it to you that you are an idiot. (我給你說白了，你就是一個白癡我給你說白了，你就是一個白癡) 4)v+介詞介詞+ it + that從句從句 see to (確保，保證確保，保證) eg. Please see to it that the door is shut. depend on(指望指望)

41、eg.Dont depend on it that I will help you. insist on (堅持堅持) eg.He insists on it that she go tomorrow. swear to(發(fā)誓發(fā)誓) eg. I swear to it that I will work hard from now on.6.固定表達：固定表達： 1)It depends=That depends.(看情況看情況） 2)before sb. realized/knew it.（不知不覺的不知不覺的） 3) Forget it.（忘了吧忘了吧）4) Guessed it.（猜對了猜

42、對了）5) Got it.（知道了知道了）6) I cant help it./It cant be helped.（我沒有辦法我沒有辦法）7) Dont mention it.（不用提不用提）8) When it comes to,(當說到當說到 ) 9)make it .（ 成功成功）make it to（成功到達成功到達.）10) take it /things easy.（不要急，別緊張不要急，別緊張） 11)If its convenient to you,（如果你方便的話如果你方便的話） 12)If it were not for/If it hadnt been for （要不是

43、要不是） 13)believe it or not ( 信不信由你信不信由你）14)take it or leave it.(要就要，不要就拉倒要就要，不要就拉倒）15)Lets call it a day. （到此結束到此結束） 16)Its a deal.（成交成交）7.7.用于強調句型：用于強調句型： It is/was+ +被強調的部分被強調的部分+ +that+ ?？紡娬{疑問詞常考強調疑問詞 疑問詞疑問詞+ +is it that+（疑問句中）（疑問句中） 疑問詞疑問詞+ +it is that+（賓語從句中）（賓語從句中） 1)Please tell me when it was

44、that you were born. 2)When was it that you were born? 3)What is it that you often do on Sunday?4) I dont know what it is that you often do on Sunday.8.容易與強調句型混淆的句型容易與強調句型混淆的句型1)It was/will be +時間段時間段+before It was 3 days before he came back. It will be long before I buy a cellphone.2)It is/was +時間名詞

45、時間名詞+when It was five when he came back . It is/was +時間狀語時間狀語+that It was at five that he came back.3)It is/was+地點名詞地點名詞+where It is the school where I once worked for 10 years. It is/was +地點狀語地點狀語+that It was in this school that I once studied for 3 years.4)It is/will be/was the first/secondtime that (某人第幾次做某事某人第幾次做某事 ) It is the first time that you have helped me. It will be t