M4U2情態(tài)動詞課件

1、 Whats the definition of modal verbs?l情態(tài)動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義情態(tài)動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,表表示說話人的情緒示說話人的情緒,態(tài)度或語氣的動詞態(tài)度或語氣的動詞,但但不能單獨(dú)作謂語不能單獨(dú)作謂語, 只能和其他動詞原形只能和其他動詞原形構(gòu)成謂語。構(gòu)成謂語。 一一.情態(tài)動詞的語法特征情態(tài)動詞的語法特征1）情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞不能單獨(dú)做謂語，除不能單獨(dú)做謂語，除ought和和have外，后面只能接不帶外，后面只能接不帶to的的不定式。不定式。2）情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，但有些情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，但有些情態(tài)動詞，如情態(tài)動詞，如can、will也有一般

2、式和過去也有一般式和過去式的變化。式的變化。3）情態(tài)動詞的情態(tài)動詞的“時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)”形式并不是時(shí)間區(qū)形式并不是時(shí)間區(qū)別的主要標(biāo)志，不少情況下，情態(tài)動詞的現(xiàn)別的主要標(biāo)志，不少情況下，情態(tài)動詞的現(xiàn)在式形式和過去式形式都可用來表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)在式形式和過去式形式都可用來表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間、過去時(shí)間和將來時(shí)間。間、過去時(shí)間和將來時(shí)間。1. Ability （能力）（能力）2. Obligation （義務(wù)）（義務(wù)）3. Certainty （可能性）（可能性）4. Permission （允許）（允許）二二情態(tài)動詞的語法情態(tài)動詞的語法功能功能5. Make requests（提出（提出請求請求）6. Make sug

3、gestions（提出（提出建議建議）7. Make offers（提供（提供幫助幫助）8. Give advice（提出（提出意見意見）情態(tài)動詞1. can could be able to4. shall 2. may might三常見情態(tài)動詞的基本用法5. must have to 3. will would7. need dare6. ought to should8. 情態(tài)動詞+have done情態(tài)動詞1. can could be able to3. shall 2. may mightThe usage of some common modal verbs4. must hav

4、e to 5. 情態(tài)動詞+have donel1.canl1)表能力表能力can表能力時(shí)意味著憑體力或腦力或技術(shù)等可以無甚阻力地去做某事。lI can climb this pole. He is only four , but he can read. lFire cant destroy gold. can 和和could：l2)表推測、可能性表推測、可能性(用于否定與疑問結(jié)構(gòu)中用于否定與疑問結(jié)構(gòu)中)lCan the news be true? It cant be true. lWhat can he possibly mean? 他可能是什么意思?l3)表示表示請求或允許請求或允許(和

5、和may意思相近意思相近)常見于常見于口語?？谡Z。lCan (May) I come in ? 我能進(jìn)來嗎?lCan I smoke here ? 我可以在這里抽煙嗎?2)could的主要用法是：的主要用法是：A.could是是can的過去式的過去式,表示與過去表示與過去有關(guān)的能力和推測有關(guān)的能力和推測:eg.Weallknewthattheyoungmancouldntbeadoctor.B.could可以代替可以代替can表示請求、表示請求、允許允許?？杀硎疚窨蜌獾奶岢鰡栴}或陳述看法Couldyoulendmeyourdictionary?CouldIuseyourbike?Yes, y

6、ou can.Im afraid I couldnt give you an answer today.can/be able to區(qū)別區(qū)別:can表示表示或或，而，而be able to更加強(qiáng)調(diào)更加強(qiáng)調(diào)或者或者，能做到的事情。能做到的事情。I cant swim, but I am sure I will be able toswim through more practicing.表示特定的某一過去能力或表示成功地做表示特定的某一過去能力或表示成功地做了某事時(shí)，只能用了某事時(shí)，只能用was/were able to， 不不能用能用could。 He_fleeEuropebeforethew

7、arbrokeout.Note：wasableto A big fire broke out in ABC hotel yesterday. Luckily, everyone _ run out of the building.was able to2. She _ speak both English and French.canI cant thank you too much.can never/canttoo表示表示“無無論怎樣論怎樣也不過分也不過分”，“越越越越好好” 。你過馬路的時(shí)候再小心也不為過。你過馬路的時(shí)候再小心也不為過。 You cant be too careful w

8、hile crossing the road. She couldnt but agree to my idea.I cant thank you enough.The film couldnt be any worse.Can或或could 的否定形式構(gòu)成習(xí)慣短語的否定形式構(gòu)成習(xí)慣短語Cant.too.Cant .enough.無論怎樣無論怎樣也不過分也不過分Cant (help) but do不得不做，只好做不得不做，只好做Cant help doing 情不自禁情不自禁Cant help it 沒有辦法沒有辦法Cant .+比較級比較級 再再不過了（表示最高級）不過了（表示最高級）May

9、IwatchTVaftersupper?Yes,_./No,_.MightIuseyourtelephone?MayIgohomenow?Itmaybetrue.Shemaycometomorrow.Hemighthavesomefever.Mayyousucceed!Mayyouhavemanymoredaysashappyasthisone!youmayYoumustnt允許允許,許可許可禁止禁止,阻止阻止Might比比May的語氣更委婉的語氣更委婉表示可能性的推測表示可能性的推測,譯為譯為“大概大概,可能可能”用用might時(shí)顯得更加不肯定時(shí)顯得更加不肯定用于祈使句表示祝愿用于祈使句表示

10、祝愿.May和和Mightl A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do.l A. cant B. couldnt l C. may not D. might notAmay_can_表主觀表主觀“可能可能”表客觀表客觀“可能可能”cannot_maynot_不可能不可能可能不可能不may和和canThey_ be doing the experiment in the lab.Why？Because the lights are still burning.A.could B.can C.must D.would wil

11、l和和would：will當(dāng)作情態(tài)動詞時(shí)有以下用法當(dāng)作情態(tài)動詞時(shí)有以下用法:If you give him time, Tom will talk and talk for hours.Every Saturday evening they will play chess together表經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性表經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性“老是、總是、終歸老是、總是、終歸是是”lThe door wont open.lIll do my best to help you.lWill you please give me a message when you see him?l-Write to me when

12、you get home.l-I will.表示功能，譯作表示功能，譯作“能能”或或“行行”意愿意愿2人稱，詢問對方意愿或向?qū)θ朔Q，詢問對方意愿或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱蠓教岢稣埱蠡卮鹌硎咕浠卮鹌硎咕鋀ould當(dāng)作情態(tài)動詞時(shí)有以下用法：當(dāng)作情態(tài)動詞時(shí)有以下用法：Wouldyouhelpus,please?WhenIhadsometrouble,hewouldencourageme.Wealltriedtostophimsmokinginbedbuthewouldntlisten.過去的習(xí)慣過去的習(xí)慣意愿意愿“要；愿要；愿”用于用于2人稱，表示有禮貌的請求或邀請人稱，表示有禮貌的請求或邀請Would 與與

13、 Used to do 區(qū)別區(qū)別 “過去常常過去常常” Would -過去習(xí)慣的動作動作（現(xiàn)在有可能還有此習(xí)慣）Used to do -過去習(xí)慣的動作動作及狀態(tài)（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)沒有此習(xí)慣） The old man _have a smoke under a big tree every afternoon after he finished his farm work. would可表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性、傾向性?？杀硎窘?jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性、傾向性。翻譯為翻譯為“經(jīng)常、慣于、總是經(jīng)常、慣于、總是”。shall和和should：1.shall用于征求對方的意見，表用于征求對方的意見，表“決心決心”Shallwe

14、gobytrain,Mom?媽媽，我們乘火車去好嗎？媽媽，我們乘火車去好嗎？（用于征求對方的意見）（用于征求對方的意見）Ishallgoatonce.我必須立即去。我必須立即去。（表（表“決心決心”）l1)用于第一、用于第一、 三人稱征求對方的意見，三人稱征求對方的意見，lWhat shall he wear on the journey? lShall we dance? l2)shall 用于第二、三人稱時(shí)表允諾，警告，用于第二、三人稱時(shí)表允諾，警告，命令，威脅。命令，威脅?！氨仨殻瑧?yīng)該可以必須，應(yīng)該可以”lIf he passes the examination, he shall ha

15、ve a holiday.lYou shall have it back tomorrow.l3）用于第二、三人稱用于法律法規(guī)條例等）用于第二、三人稱用于法律法規(guī)條例等文件中的要求。文件中的要求。“應(yīng)該、必須應(yīng)該、必須”lIts required in our regulation that students shall go to school on time.lPersons under 18 shant be employed in night work.l2.should表示義務(wù)、建議、勸告等，意為表示義務(wù)、建議、勸告等，意為“應(yīng)該應(yīng)該”。(oughtto)lStudentsshoul

16、drespectteachers.lTheboysshouldntbeplayingfootball;theyshouldbeatschool.lIts4:30,TheyshouldbeinNewYorkbynow.勸告、建議勸告、建議義務(wù)、責(zé)任義務(wù)、責(zé)任常規(guī)、常理的推測（正常情況下）按理應(yīng)該常規(guī)、常理的推測（正常情況下）按理應(yīng)該lHeoughttosucceed,asheissodiligent.lItisstrangethatitshouldbesohottoday.lIdontunderstandwhysheshouldhavemadesuchamistake.lShoulditrain

17、tomorrow,themeetingwillbepostponed.居然，竟然居然，竟然與疑問詞連用，表示意外、納悶、驚訝等與疑問詞連用，表示意外、納悶、驚訝等“究竟是，到底究竟是，到底”用于條件句中用于條件句中“萬一萬一”l - Whats the name?l - Khulaifi. _ I spell that for you? Shall B. Would C. Can D. MightDrill(小練小練)（10江蘇）江蘇） I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next mo

18、nth. Dont worry. You_ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D.may 解析：解析：shall在第二人稱中表示在第二人稱中表示允諾允諾，還，還可以表示強(qiáng)制，命令，威脅，警告。還可以表示強(qiáng)制，命令，威脅，警告。還有在法律條文中的要求或規(guī)定。有在法律條文中的要求或規(guī)定。答案：答案：BYoushallbepunishedforwhatyouvedone.你一定會因?yàn)槟愕乃魉艿綉土P。你一定會因?yàn)槟愕乃魉艿綉土P。must和和haveto1.must用于一般問句中用于一般問句中,肯定回答用肯定回答用must否定式用否定式用n

19、eednt或或donthaveto，做做“不必不必”,mustnt表示表示“禁止，不允禁止，不允許許” MustIfinishalltheworkatatime?Yes,youmust.No,youneednt.IdontlikethisTVset.Wemustbuyanewone.Therewasnomorebus.Theyhadtowalkhome.2.表示表示“必須必須”這個(gè)意思時(shí)，這個(gè)意思時(shí)，must和和haveto稍有區(qū)別。稍有區(qū)別。must著重說明主觀著重說明主觀看法，看法，haveto強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。另外，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。另外，haveto能用于更多時(shí)態(tài)。能用于更多時(shí)態(tài)。 Youmu

20、stbethenewteacher.Hemustbejoking.Thereisnobodyhere.Theymusthaveallgonehome.3.must表示對某人某事的猜測，表示對某人某事的猜測，作作“準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)是是”，“一定一定”，一般用于肯定句中。對，一般用于肯定句中。對過去發(fā)生的事情作肯定判斷用過去發(fā)生的事情作肯定判斷用musthavedoneHow old are you, madam?If you must know, Im twice my sons age.4.must表示表示“偏要，硬要偏要，硬要”，指做令人，指做令人不快的事情不快的事情need 與與 dare 實(shí)義動詞實(shí)

21、義動詞情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞.可兼做行為動詞的情態(tài)動詞：need 、 dare情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞(+動詞原形動詞原形)行為動詞行為動詞 .needdare1.無人稱和數(shù)的變化;2.尤其用于：*否定句及疑問句中;*在if/whether之后;*或與hardly, never, no one, nobody連用; 3.常以neednt 和darent 的形式出現(xiàn);4.dare有其過去時(shí)dared. 多用于肯定句; need to do dare to doneed to be done need doing 實(shí)義動詞實(shí)義動詞 vs 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞肯定句肯定句 實(shí)實(shí)情情e.g. She needs to

22、stay at home today.e.g. He dares to jump from the high wall.e.g. She need stay at home today.e.g. He dare jump from the high wall.疑問句疑問句 e.g. Does she need to stay at home today?e.g. Does he dare to jump from the high wall?e.g. Need she stay at home today?e.g. Dare he jump from the high wall?實(shí)實(shí)情情否定句

23、否定句Dare 作為實(shí)意動詞的時(shí)候，作為實(shí)意動詞的時(shí)候，否定句否定句中的中的 to 可以省略可以省略e.g.He doesnt dare (to) jump from the high wall.實(shí)實(shí)e.g. She doesnt need to stay at home today.e.g. He doesnt dare to jump from the high wall情情e.g. She neednt stay at home today.e.g. He dare not jump from the high wall. must have done must have done 過去

24、一定做過某事cant have donecant have done 過去不可能做過某事should ( ought to ) have doneshould ( ought to ) have done 過去本該做某事卻沒做shouldnt ( ought not to ) have done shouldnt ( ought not to ) have done 過去本不該做某事卻做了. 情態(tài)動詞+have done表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生事情推測、責(zé)怪、后悔、遺憾等。 neednt have donneednt have done e 過去沒有必要做某事而實(shí)際上卻做了 could have don

25、e could have done 過去本可以做某事卻沒做might have donemight have done 過去可能已經(jīng)做了某事5. 情態(tài)動詞+have done表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生事情推測、責(zé)怪、后悔、遺憾等。l1. It must have rained last night, for the streets are wet.l2. He looks very happy. He might not have known the result.l3. He could not have done such a thing.l4. She didnt come to school ye

26、sterday. Can she have been ill?l5. They left here early and should have arrived by now.情態(tài)動詞表推測情態(tài)動詞表推測 對過去情況的推測對過去情況的推測l6. You might have written the letter without my reminding you of it.l7. The doctor could have avoided the accidentl8. You should have finished the task yesterday.l9.I was really anx

27、ious about you,you shouldnt have left home without a word.l10.He ought not to have told me your secret,but he meant no harm.過去本可能（不用過去本可能（不用may)過去本能夠過去本能夠卻沒有卻沒有過去本應(yīng)該過去本應(yīng)該卻沒有卻沒有過去本不該過去本不該過去本不該過去本不該1.Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.I_thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.A.shouldhavetakenB.couldhavet

28、akenC.neednthavetakenD.mustnthavetaken2.-IlltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.-You_herlastweek.A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetoldC.musttellD.shouldhavetoldCDPracticePractice3.She_haveleftschool,forherbikeisstillhere.A.cantB.wouldntC.shouldntD.neednt4.-Icantfindmypurseanywhere.-You_havelostitwhileshopping.A.m

29、ayB.canC.shouldD.would5.-IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.-Oh,didyou?You_withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayedAAAl表推測的情態(tài)動詞句子的反意疑問句表推測的情態(tài)動詞句子的反意疑問句He must/may be in the room, isnt he?He cant be in the room, is he?He must have finished the work, hasnt he?He may have done the

30、 work last night, didnt he? He must have been caught in the heavy rain last night,_wasnt he.l （10四川）四川）l 1. _ I take the book out? Im afraid not. A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need考點(diǎn)：考查情態(tài)動詞。解析：表請求可用情態(tài)動詞can, may, could, might ,表允許用can, may.句意為：“我可以將這本書帶出去嗎？”“恐怕不行”。故應(yīng)選表請求的情態(tài)動詞may。正確答案為B。答案：B(10陜西）陜西）l 2.

31、-May I take this book out of the reading room? -No, you . You read it in here. l A. mightnt B. wont l C. neednt D. mustnt解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。英語中用could，might表示詢問或征求意見的問句中，肯定性應(yīng)答要用can或may來代替could或might，而may或might征求意見的問句否定應(yīng)答時(shí)要用mustnt，表示禁止.故本題選D。答案：Dl （10湖南）l3. You_buy a gift, but you can if you want to.lA. must B

32、. mustnt lC. have to D. dont have to 考點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動詞解析：dont have to 意為“沒有必要”，符合語境，句意為：“你沒有必要買禮物，但如果你想買的話，你也可以買?！贝鸢福篋l （10浙江）浙江）l 4. “You _ have a wrong number,” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.”l A. need B. can l C. must D. would 考點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動詞解析：肯定猜測，用must答案：Cl （10全國全國）l 5.Im afraid Mr. Harding _see you now. Hes busy.l A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D .neednt解析：情態(tài)動詞考查。結(jié)合語境，根據(jù)情態(tài)動詞用于疑問或否定推測時(shí)，要用cant。答案：Al 6. I cant thank you too much for your kindness, because without your help I_have won the first prize in t