寫好英語科技論文的訣竅33167

1、邢唷? ?qs?p欹? q餜?bjbjqPqP2? : :紽?h?J?e(W Nw?g 鵞筫誰孴 penc 蹚 L 堟嬈 R 恎g 鵞 S_蔔簨噀剉膵饛 0 婲瀃N橯O/f xvzN 颯 RrR 剉 N 钀 R 0dk;R/f _耡筫誰剉 b 烺N1Y%?鸞b 觺済剉銐蕬蔛 vQ 悥+T 剉aIN錘蔛NvQ 諲鴙 sQ xvz 蹚 L 堅 k 儚剉鰁 P 0 b 霳:N 繬 HN 梺?W 橯ON 俌 dkw 猂汻烻郪坃US 0N*N xvz 觺済闟g(W 珗+R 篘O(u 鰁 MbgaIN 0骮珗+R 篘O(u噀鄗臺橗 _w 峷 Q 諲褃 f禰剉 tQ N 梍軴翄 vQ 諲篘齹w 耡 v颯錘蛻

2、Y 孴峇皊O 剉觺済 0 闟g 颯錘珗 t 銐剉 xvzMb O 珗蛻Y_N 闟g 颯錘珗峇皊剉錧OMb 齹黐魜+R 篘剉 _(u 孴邖*?0O 剉簨噀珗 _(u 剉 pe 蠎 88(uega 埾?xvz 剉 q_蚑汻 0 蜰術(shù)蛓覊w橯O1a?f 奲O 剉錧O b 済 曎vQ 諲剉褃 f禰 0:N 哊鬴Y 剉 ?褃 f簨噀臺樶 n 硩僛靣 yr 剉槩1ujf 齹 r剉褃 f禰膥 b 剉 飠麐 0 僛臺橗HQ 魦g ?_N/f 込塏鵞 Kb 剉TL 堨 N郪:N 諲霳剉膵/f 噀鄗(W 裇 h 圡 R 剉, NS 恠 Q 鉙 0T 鰁s t a t e s 鴙迯 0癳酧 oc o i ls t

3、a t e s R 鶴皊(W,N 錝剉gT 0te 祂痵痵鴙迯 b:N N*NteSO 0 峇w N*N 婳 PT h ea c c u r a c yo ft h em o d e ls t r u c tu r e si sg i v e nb yT M - s c o r e .I nc as eo fap e r f e c tm a t c ht oe x p e r i me n t a ls t r u c t u r e ,T M - s c o r ew o u l db e .(W,孨*N 錝 P虘鏴酧 oT M - s c o r e 珗薟(W-N 魰珗癳酧oap e r

4、 f e c tm a t c ht oe x p e r i m e n t a ls t r u c t u r e Sb 璭哊 0 購虘鷁畫頞 9e 俌NT h ea c c u r a c yo ft h em o d e ls t r u c tu r e si sm e a s u r e db yT M - s c o r e ,w hi c hi se q u a lt o1i ft h e r ei sap e r f e c tm a t c ht ot h ee x p e r i m e n t als t r u c t u r e .褃b 橯O-N 剉 gY 顣槝

5、1/f 癳鏴酧 oz 槒牁 P 0 癳酧 o孴鏴酧 o鵞Oeg 魦颯齹N/f 坃Y:S R郪:N 諲?焣塦b g 剉酧 o 0:N 哊怣 Q 購蛓顣槝N繬 HN 鰁 P蟢 S_O _薡橯癳錝O 擽鍕顣顣陙馷購汵蛬 MRb?gg 珗衏 0R 菑 0N 歔亯奲衏 0R 菑剉eMRb?衏菑剉eTb?02 . .麐骮(W;N 韹 KNT 藌;Rw0RL?N蛬 0 鵞 N*N 魦f?WZP 繬 HN 剉錝 P麐 梺墌 b0R蛬 Mb 齹 t 銐 0 俌済蛬孴;N 韹 KN 魰鴙敄*Y 軓桘? O 珗鸞b蛬 Sb 璭 0Sb 璭桘? OO 錝 P緰錘 t 銐 0 購虘 g*N 婳 PT h es m a

6、l l e s tU R F s( U R F A 6 L ) ,a2 07 - n u c l e o t i d e( n t )r e a d i n gf r a m eo v e r l a p p i n go u to fp h a s et h eN H 2- t e r m i n a lp o r t i o no ft h ea d e n o s in e t r i ph o s p h a t a s e( A T P a s e )s u b i ni t6g e n eh a sb e e ni d e n t i f i e da st h ea n i m

7、a le q u i v a l e n to ft h er ec e n t l yd i s c o v e r e dy e a s tH + - A T P a ses u b u n i t8g e n e .T7h 剉錝 P 蛬e(W;N 韹 KNTT h es m a l l e s to ft h eU R F si sU R F A6 L ,a2 0 7 - n u c l e o t i d e( n t )r e a d i ngf r a m eo v e r l a p p i n go u to fp h a s et h eN H 2 - t e r m i n

8、 a lp o r t i o no ft h ea d e n o s i n e t r i p h o s p h a t a s e( A T P a s e)s u b i n i t6G e n e ;i th a sb e e ni de n t i f i e da st h ea n i m a le q u i v a l e nto ft h er e c e n t l yd i s c o v e r e dy e as tH + - A T P a s es u b u n i t8g e n e .購 7h 癳剉錝 P1鬴燫 sa 垎 N 0=蠎怣 Q 菑晞 v;

9、N 韹孴菑韜剉綶韹 0 購 1螾 4Y 蛻 亄弰 v 篘坃緰賨 3z 0 韜剉;N 韹邖w蛬燫N晞 v 綶韹 He 済 O 鬴Y 03 .麐g g 蟢錝闟g N*N 蛻筽購*N 蛻筽 ?(W 錝 0 詋儚Nb?N*N 錝 P b 霳颯錘 a 蓧 0R 諲霳w 蛻:_ ?NT 剉 N?0U R F A 6 Lh a sb e e ni d e n t i f i e da st hea n i m a le q u i v a l e n to ft h er e c e nt l yd i s c o v e r e dy e a s tH + - A T P a s e s ub u n i

10、 t8g e n e .R e c e n t l yd i s c o v e r edy e a s tH + - A T P a s es u b u n i t8g e n eh a sac o r r e s p o n d i n ga n i m a le q u iv a l e n tg e n eU R F A 6 L .坃ffMRb 梽 v 錝 P/fsQ 嶯 N*N g 褟裇皊剉 u 懲 k 鶺郪,孨錝 Rw 蛻:_ 寙 N 僛g N*N 孴ir N 魜剉鶺郪 0 鍿 Y N*N 婳 PT h ee n t h a l p yo fh y d r o g e nb o

11、n df or m a t i o nb e t w e e nt h en u c l e o s i d eba s e s2 - d e o x y g u a n o s i n e( d G )a n d2- d e o x y c y t i d i n e( d C )h a sb e e nd e te r m i n e db yd i r e c tm e a s u r e m e n t .購*N 錝% E u ? ? ww峞gY螾/f? 5 9 C ? :_ ?d i r e c tm e a s u r e m e n t 0購N*Y 螾/f 烻O剉顅剉 0 牁 P

12、NN OO 錝 P鬴燫 sa?0W eh a v ed i r e c t l ym e a s u r e dt h ee nt h a l p yo fh y d r o g e nb o n df o r m a t i onb e t w e e nt h en u c l e o s i d eb a s e s2- d e o x y g u a n o s i n e( d G )a n d2 - d e o x yc y t i d i n e( d C ) .癳剉錝 P鬴US N 鬴韜T 鰁怣 Q 哊 4Y 蛻 亄弰 v 莡秗 0;KN錝/f 麐鵞鍕錝 gT 剉 pSa?0

13、奲 gY 剉g 蛻亯剉孴骮亯麐皨 OO 剉 N?e(W 錝 0麐鵞祂=剟 vg g蟢N*N 祂=匌悢鍕闟矉N*NEe 婲 0(W N 祂虘 h 堭?Y*N 聣筽 OO 麐坃緰鍂 S 愬嫲婳 O繬HN0購祂骮h埦徖NHN 0N祂剉, N錝亯JT蓩麐購 N祂/f矉繬HN剉 0購7h麐骮髰菑購祂 1颯錘髰菑 0N 祂剉 gT N 錝擽鍕/f 購祂剉觺簨 bJT 蓩麐N N 祂/f 繬 HN 0 祂=?N 剉錝 P擽鍕 1u 薡 0R 葉 惽?悜弒 Q 鹼迯瀃皊 1u 鏴酧 o0R 癳酧 o剉 Am 0 詋俌購 N 祂T h ee n t h a l p yo fh y d r o g e nb o

14、n df or m a t i o nb e t w e e nt h e nucleoside bases 2-deoxyguanosine(dG) and 2-deoxycytidine (dC) has been determined by direct measurement. dG and dC werederivatized at the 5 and 3 hydroxyls with triisopropylsilyl groups to obtain solubilityof the nucleosides in non-aqueous solvents and to preve

15、nt the ribose hydroxyls fromforming hydrogen bonds. From isoperibolic titration measurements, the enthalpy of dC:dGbase pair formation is -6.650.32 kcal/mol.坃緰鍂 S 怽 O(W 購祂虘骮 h 埦徖NHN 0 蜰購祂剉 w 嵥 Y 孴觺_gweg q( e n t h a l p y ) 擽鍕/f 諲骮 h 埦弰 v 蛻筽 0Nb?f 蛻癳膥TT 剉祂=?0W eh a v ed i r e c t l ym e a s u r e dt

16、 h ee nt h a l p yo fh y d r o g e nb o n df o r m a t i onb e t w e e nt h en u c l e o s i d eb a s e s2- d e o x y g u a n 癳祂皊(Ww 蛻 ?f 哊 0W梽 v 裇 u 憳噑 0N R 縹hf 哊錘 MR 蟘饛菑剉鏴酧 o 0 坃ff癳鏴酧o剉迯/f t銐購祂剉sQ.?0蜰鏴酧o0R癳酧o剉Am/fO麐弤g桘? 剉 gsO筫_ 0 橯噀鄗剉顅剉N/f 籗 Km 諎麐剉桘孆汻/f 寶O剉 h 埦忼汻 0N 齹*篘w 耡闟齹*陙馷橯 nZi 088,T0R 購 7h 剉

17、眀(?z 篘迯購龕N 耡!?z 篘_N 颯錘魦迯購*N_N 橯NnZi 0麐鵞 h?h 孴:y 剉 g gN 汵g 胈剉麐 O 魐 惽怇 Vh 坋 g$R 璭 N 莧噀鄗/f&Tf:y 鶴O 鍂 S 恅 O(WZP 繬 HNN/f 裃 penc 0sSOO/f(W 裃 penc_N 亯奲裃 penc 剉菑zT t S 04 ) .顣顣O 陙馷/f&T 衏汷哊硩 Y 蛻YO 錧O 剉bg 苸倐 0?z 篘( b 麐) 妽筟 f 峇皊O 剉錧O諲 1妽颯齹譙O 剉噀鄗 0S_6q?z 篘 vN Owck 籗蛻 ZPO 剉錧OFOO 臺?惽廯 O 剉蟘饛O 諲鴙酧颯錘蛻 ZP 05

18、) .臺?g 魦g 汻=蠎 ZP_昢N/fJS b 罷剉錧O(u Y 筫 b 桲 m 諎 eg 翄fO 剉-N 胈T 槝 0 亯O 噀鄗 a 寢_翄f 鄀 j榌鳶剺 HQ 轛 T NR 颯齹衏鶴剉憉顣 06 ) . _(ubg 蛻亯剉 xvz 錧Oyr+R/f 蟸 xQ 汻O 0 橯O 剉鰁 P 亯峇 ZPhQb 棁 e.s 纇 0:N 哊緩 0R 購汵顅h橯褃 f簨噀剉鰁 P 臺榰恎 q N 歔剉 Fh 秅觺刧 0噀鄗剉觺刧xQ 媁剉褃 f簨噀 S 靊h 槝Xd 亯 _?筫誰/ 瀃寶 ek觺済簨a?孴耂 噀.s 0 購 7h 剉觺刧/f(ueg.麐隷悀 b0R 諲霳 atQ剉酧 o 0 奲酧

19、oe ?W筫 OO 麐蕓俶 08痳剉 曪?f 鱩苖婲瀃(觺済)孴銐蕬(簨) 0簨/f 鵞觺済剉銐蕬蔛魦f 僛剉aINN/f 蛻Y 觺済剉蟘饛 0N 莧簨噀/f 蜰 Xd 亯 _? _薡購虘鷁畫蜰筫誰孴觺済钀 R _薡橯郪:NO 鵞筫誰孴觺済 g 焣塦dk Y 闟g 鬴Y0W t 銐筫誰孴觺済Mb 齹 nx 歔-N 胈T 槝 0h 槝 _妼 T簨剉橯O 龕 梺?N 胈T 槝 0 b 霳擽鍕蜰 g 焣塦剉婲臽 _薡1螾麐蜰諲霳 g 焣塦剉 0W 筫 _薡 t 銐 N7h 0筫誰/ 瀃寶 ek俌済噀鄗/fsQ 嶯癳剉筫誰b/g b 梴誰亯?鎷苸 0W 橯僛剉癳枠 KN Y 0 亯(u g;悜弰 v0

20、T t 剉筫_eg 蟘饛僛 0 購 O.麐揵 OO 癳筫誰剉亯啒 0 俌済購*N 筫誰O(u 耂 pe R 亯奲蟢 N*N 耂 pe( b 耂 pe 剉諷P)T t S b/f 錘 MR(u 菑剉 b颯錘蜰 ir t bpef黐鶴 eg b 惽弳 N踠剉 Km 諎蔛 O S 0 俌済鄀誰軴翄僛剉T t1臺樝 c 饛 9e 豐僛 O ?b 剉 q_蚑( 瀃 E 杽 v 觺済擽鍕(W 觺済钀 R b簨钀 R筫誰钀 R 臢 S+Tq_蚑剉蟘饛) 0 俌済gKm 諎僛霳剉T tO 擽鍕銐蕬:N 繬 HN( ZP 剉鉔鱊*Y5 崋 N*Y9 嶖 e 魰哊 b 梺夦g0R egZP) 0耂pe9e 豐 ?

21、b 剉q_蚑颯錘a 埾懝e誰/f&TR o b u s t 0R o b u s t 剉筫誰擽鍕/f(W 耂 pe9e 豐坃Y 剉鰁 P觺済_NN O*YY 豐 S 0鵞嶯癳筫誰剉裇 UOT7h 梺壘嫛?NT 剉筫誰 egKm 諎 0篘酧g1 梺塟 P=颯齹 Y 剉 Km 諎 0Ob 齹b0R b 緥剉 Km 諎妽 YO 剉錧O1妽 O 珗 vQ 諲篘b譙孴O(u 0S_孾 b 哊筫誰钀 R 錘T顣 N 顣陙馷錘N 剉顣槝1 ) 癳剉/g 韹/fN/f 龕歔 IN 哊2 ) 俌済O/f, N!k 麐購钀 RO 齹&T 梍 0R 蛻Yte*N 錧O 剉bg 酧 o皨 OON 亯悥

22、蠀鸑 UO 峼钑 bO(u 剉 wc 刜 0 篘霳俌済N 齹蛻YO 剉觺済剉輯 1N O 鴙酧O 剉簨噀 08l 軓N 亯 _Z 哱 OGP+R 篘N/f 籔 P 0Nq鬴詋Nq貧 0jf 剉Yg 篘(W 0 俌済O*O 恜 enc胈 XxN O 珗篘裇皊 0 俌済 w 剉篘裇皊剉輯1/fg 鸑 UO 篘骮蛻Y bO(uO 剉觺済闟齹魦fO 剉觺済 9h,gNe _N-N 胈T 槝鄀 sQ 剉 pencsSO 購汵 penc/f 坃洀鎮(zhèn)梍 eg 剉 0h 槝?-?, , ,- ,2,4,xOVnp ? ?潢潢 h0 ? o( U h0 ? 0J j h0 ?U h0 ?OJQJJ h0 ? ?

23、t u r e sb yu s i n gp a i rw i s es e q u e n c e - a l i g n m e n tb e n c h m a rk sT h es e c o n d a r ys t r u c t u r eo fap r ot e i nr e f e r st ot h el o c a lc o n f o r ma t i o no fi t sp o l y p e p t i d eb a c k b o ne .K n o w i n gs e c o n d a r ys t r u c t u r e so fp r o t e

24、i n si se s s e n t i a lf o rt h ei rs t r u c t u r ec l a s s i f i c a t i o n 1 , 2 ,u n d e r s t a n d i n gf o l d i n gd y n a m i c san dm e c h a n i s m s 3 - 5 ,a n dd i s c o v e r i ngc o n s e r v e ds t r u c t u r a l / f u n c t i o n alm o t i f s 6 , 7 .S e c o n d a r ys t r u

25、c t u r ei n f o r m x a t i o ni sa l s ou s e f u lf o rs e q u e n c ea n dm u l t i p l es e q u e n c ea l i g n m e n t 8 , 9 ,s t r u c t u r ea l i g n m e nt 1 0 , 1 1 ,a n ds e q u e n c et os t r u c t u rea l i g n m e n t( o rt h r e a d i n g ) 1 2 - 1 5 .A sar e s u l t ,p r e d i c t

26、 i n gs e c o n d ar ys t r u c t u r e sf r o mp r o t e i ns e q u en c e sc o n t i n u e st ob ea na c t i v efi e l do fr e s e a r c h 1 6 - 1 8f i f t ys i xy e a r sa f t e rP a u l i n ga n dC o r e y 1 9 -2 0f i r s tp r e d i c t e dt h a tt h em o s tc o m m o nr e g u l a rp a t t e r n

27、 so fp r o te i nb a c k b o n e sa r et h e?- h e l i xa ndt h e?- s h e e t .P r e d i c t i o na n da p pl i c a t i o no fp r o t e i ns e c o n d a r ys tr u c t u r e sr e l yo np r i o ra s s i g n m e nto ft h es e c o n d a r y - s t r u c t u r ee l em e n t sf r o mag i v e np r o t e i n

28、s t r u ct u r eb yh u m a no rc o m p u t a t i o n a lme t h o d s .M a n yc o m p u t a t i o n a lm e t h o d sh a v eb e e nd e v e l o p e dt oa u t o m a t et h eas s i g n m e n to fs e c o n d a r ys t r u c t u r es .E x a m p l e sa r eD S S P , S T R I D E ,D E FI N E ,P - S E A ,K A K S

29、 I , P - C U R V E ,X T L S ST R ,S E C S T R ,S E G N O ,a n dV o T A P .T he s em e t h o d sa r eb a s e do ne i t h e rt h eh y d r o g e n - b o n dp a t t e r n ,g e o m et r i cf e a t u r e s ,e x p e r tk n o w l e d g eo rt h e i rc o m b i n a t i o n s .H o w e v e r ,t h e yo f t e nd i

30、 s a g r e eo nt h e i ra s si g n m e n t s .F o re x a m p l e ,d i s a g r e e me n ta m o n gD S S P ,P - C U R V E ,a n dD E FI N Ec a nb ea sl a r g ea s2 5 % .M o r eb e t as h e e ti sa s s i g n e db yX T L S ST Ra n dm o r ep i - h e l i xb yS E C S T Rth a nb yD S S P .T h ed i s c r e p

31、a n c ya m on gd i f f e r e n tm e t h o d si sc a u s e dbyn o n - i d e a lc o n f i g u r a t i o n so fh el i c e sa n ds h e e t s .A sar e s u l t ,de f i n i n gt h eb o u n d a r i e sb e t w e e nhe l i x ,s h e e t ,a n dc o i li sp r o b l e ma t i c a la n das i g n i f i c a n ts o u r

32、 c eo fd i s c r e p a n c i e sb e t w e e nd i f f e r en tm e t h o d s .I n c o n s i s t e n ta s s i g n m e n to fs e c o nd a r ys t r u c t u r e sb yd i f f e r e n tm e th o d sh i g h l i g h t st h en e e df o racr i t e r i o no rab e n c h m a r ko fs t a n d a r d a s s i g n m e n t

33、 st h a tc o u l db eu s e dtoa s s e s sa n dc o m p a r ea s s i g n m e n tm e t h o d s .O n ep o s s i b i l i t yi st ous et h es e c o n d a r ys t r u c t u r e sa s s ig n e db yt h ea u t h o r sw h os o l v e dth ep r o t e i ns t r u c t u r e s .S T R I D E ,inf a c t ,h a sb e e no p t

34、 i m i z e dt oa ch i e v et h eh i g h e s ta g r e e m e n tw i t ht h ea u t h o r s a n n o t a t i o n s .H o w e v e r ,i ti sn o tc l e a rw h a ti st h ec r i t e r i o nu s e df o rm a n u a lo ra u t o m a t i ca s s i g n me n to fs e c o n d a r ys t r u c t u r e sb ydi f f e r e n ta u

35、 t h o r s .A n o t h e rp o s s i bi l i t yi st ot r e a tt h ec o n s e n s u sp r e d i c t i o nb ys e v e r a lm e t h o d sa st h eg o l ds t a n d a r d .H o w e v e r ,t h er ei sn oo b v i o u sr e a s o nw h ye a c hm e t h o ds h o u l dw e i g h te q u a l l yi na s s i g n i n gs e c o

36、 n d a r ys t r u c t u r e sa n dw h i c hm e t h o ds h o u l db eu s e di nc o n s e n s u s .O t h e ru s e dc r i t e r iai n c l u d eh e l i x - c a p p i n gp r o p e n s it y ,t h ed e v i a t i o nf r o mi d e a lh e li c a la n ds h e e tc o n f i g u r a t i o n s ,an ds t r u c t u r a

37、la c c u r a c yp r o d u c e db ys e q u e 鵞簨噀剉 eg 櫉籗 ?擽鍕 nnZiZi 哊 0簨钀 R皊(W0R 哊O 橯簨噀剉 gT N 钀 R 0 坃 Y 篘:N簨钀 Rg 緰橯 0 諲霳 88N 鍂 S 愬嫏 Q 繬 HN 0fu88N 齹奲觺済蜰諲霳剉銐蕬+Ta 孴觺簨-N R 粂鶴 eg 0dk Y諲霳N 刄嶯 颯齹 X(W 剉 vQ 諲銐蕬 0Y 剉簨 ?錘梍 0R 剉觺済孴銐蕬剉膵簨 _薡 0vQ僛颯(u 嶯簨剉匭筟 g耂 pe9e 豐鵞觺済剉 q_蚑NvQ 諲 xvz 鴙詋貜g 卂銐砆剉顣槝 eg bck(W 蹚 L 垊 v 錧O2

38、朾 k+R 篘蜰婲Of f 翂剉藌;R1齹瀃皊剉T 韣錧O) 0 購虘 g N 祂噀鄗-N 剉簨钀 R 0O n eq u e s t i o na b o u tt h ec o m p l e xho m o p o l y m e rp h a s ed i a g r a mp r e s e n te dh e r ei sw h e t h e ri ti sc a u s e db yt h ed i s c o n t i n u o u sf e a t u r eo ft h es q u a r e - w e l lp o t e n t i a l .W ec an

39、n o tg i v ead i r e c ta n s w e rb e c a u set h eD M Ds i m u l a t i o ni sr e q u i r e dt oo b t a i nw e l l - c o n v e r g e dr e s u l tsf o rt h et h e r m o d y n a m i c s .H o w e v er ,t h ec r i t i c a lp h e n o m e n ap r e d i ct e df o raf l u i dc o m p o s e do fp a r ti c l e

40、 si n t e r a c t i n gw i t has q u a r e -w e l lp o t e n t i a la r ea sr e a l i s t i ca st h o s ep r e d i c t e df o raf l u i dco m p o s e do fp a r t i c l e si n t e r a c t i n gw i t haL Jp o t e n t i a l .A l s oa na na l o g o u sc o m p l e xp h a s ed i a g r a mi sf o u n di ns

41、i m u l a t i o n so fL Jc l u st e r s .T h ep r e s e n tr e s u l t sf o rs qu a r e - w e l lh o m o p o l y m e r sm a yw e l lb ef o u n di nm o r er e a l i s t i ch o m o po l y m e rm o d e l sa n de v e ni nr e a lpo l y m e r s .N 祂vz 哊颯汷愰 b 剉銐蕬 0Xd 亯钀 Rte 莧噀鄗橯孾哊 0O 梺墮 Q 噀鄗剉 Xd 亯哊 0 xQ 媁剉

42、 Xd 亯 S 靊槝啒遅剉蛻亯轛 0Rh 槝)亯 xvz 剉顣槝O 筫誰剉靣 yr觺済剉aIN 孴 q_蚑 0 購虘 g*N 婳 P 0H o wt om a k ea no b j e c t i v ea s s i g n me n to fs e c o n d a r ys t r u c t u r e sb a s edo nap r o t e i ns t r u c t u r ei sa nun s o l v e dp r o b l e m .D e f i n i n gt h eb ou n d a r i e sb e t w e e nh e l i x ,s

43、 h e e t ,an dc o i ls t r u c t u r e si sa r b i t r a r y ,a n dc o m m o n l ya c c e p t e ds t a n d a r da s s i g n m e n t sd on o te x i s t .H e r e ,w ep r o p o s eac r i t e r i o nt h a ta s s es s e ss e c o n d a r y - s t r u c t u r ea s s i g n me n tb a s e do nt h es i m i l a

44、r i t yo fth es e c o n d a r ys t r u c t u r e sa s s i g n e dt s t r u c t u r a l l ya l i g n e dr e s i d u esi ns e q u e n c e - a l i g n m e n tb e n c h m a rk s .T h i sc r i t e r i o ni su s e dt or an ks i xs e c o n d a r y - s t r u c t u r ea s s i gn m e n tm e t h o d s :S T R I

45、 D E ,D S S P ,S E CS T R ,K A K S I ,P - S E A ,a n dS E G N Ow i tht h r e ee s t a b l i s h e ds e q u e n c e - a l ig n m e n tb e n c h m a r k s( P R E F A B ,S A B m ar ka n dS A L I G N ) .S T R I D Ea n dK A K S Ia c h i e v ec o m p a r a b l es u c c e s sr a t esi na s s i g n i n gt h

46、 es a m es e c o n d a rys t r u c t u r ee l e m e n t st os t r u c t u ra l l ya l i g n e dr e s i d u e si nt h et h re eb e n c h m a r k s .T h e i rs u c c e s sr a te sa r eb e t w e e n1 - 4 %h i g h e rt h a nt h o s eo ft h eo t h e rf o u rm e t h o d s .T h ec o n s e n s u so fS T R I D E ,K A K S I ,S E C S T R ,a n dP - S E A ,c a l l e dS K S P ,i m p r o v e sa s s i g n m e n t so v e rt h ebe s ts i n g l em e t h o di ne a c hb e n c h ma r kb ya na d d i t i o n a l1 % .T h e s ere s u l t ss u p p o r t