外研版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè) Module 1 知識(shí)歸納

1、Module 1.How to learn English 一、主題：語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)策略(Language Learning strategies)二、必背單詞名詞：Pair 兩個(gè)人，一對(duì) spelling 拼寫(xiě) word 詞；單詞；字 meaning 意義；意思 sentence 句子 dictionanry 詞典；字典 grammar 語(yǔ)法；letter 字母 mistake 錯(cuò)誤；過(guò)錯(cuò) advice意見(jiàn)；建議 notebook 筆記本 radio電臺(tái)；廣播 pronunciation 發(fā)音 vocabulary 詞匯；詞匯量 time 次；回 conversation 談話；交談動(dòng)詞：prac

2、tise 練習(xí) match 找到與.相配之物，使相配；使成對(duì) complete 把填完整；使完全 understand理解；明白 should 應(yīng)該 forget 忘；忘記 pronounce 發(fā).的音 agree贊同 improve改進(jìn)；改善 advise 向提出意見(jiàn)；忠告；建議 suggest建議；提議 place 放置形容詞：possible 可能的 key 關(guān)鍵性的；非常重要的 main 主要的；最大的 excellent極好的；優(yōu)秀的 basic 主要的；基礎(chǔ)的 shy羞怯的；靦腆的 natural 合理的；合乎常情的副詞：aloud 大聲地；出聲地 quickly 快地；迅速地兼類(lèi)

3、詞：correct V.改正；糾正 adj.正確的；對(duì)的三、常用短語(yǔ)：1、practice doing sth 練習(xí)做某事2、look up 查；查找3、male a mistake 犯錯(cuò)誤4、talk about 談?wù)?、try to do sth 盡力做某事6、asas possible 盡可能7、write down 記下來(lái)8、forget to do sth 忘記做9、next to 靠近；在的旁邊10、listen to the radio聽(tīng)廣播11、be good for 對(duì)有好處12、need to do sth 需要做某事13、get to know （開(kāi)始）認(rèn)識(shí)；（逐漸）了解

4、14、write to 寫(xiě)信給.15、agree with sb 同意某人16、sendto sb 把（發(fā)）送給某人17、ask for 請(qǐng)求（給予）18、the meaning of 的意思19、advise sb to do sth 建議某人做某事20、be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事21、smile at 沖微笑22、make friends with 與交朋友23、take sb around 帶領(lǐng)某人參觀24、a few 一些；幾個(gè)25、invite sb to 邀請(qǐng)某人到26、too many 太多四、重點(diǎn)句型1、提建議的句型（1）We should always

5、 speak English in class.（2）Lets try to speak English as much as possible.（3）Why not write down our mistakes in our notebooks?（4）Its a good idea to spell and pronounce new words aloud every day.（5）How about listening to the radio?（6）Why dont we try to find some English pen friends?2、倒裝句式結(jié)構(gòu)：Here are t

6、hree basic question.五、模塊語(yǔ)法提建議的句型（should/Lets/Why not/Its a good idea to/How/What about）八年級(jí)上冊(cè) module 1.How to learn English 詳細(xì)筆記1、pair 名詞（n）”(相關(guān)的)兩個(gè)人，一對(duì)”。in pairs “成雙的，成對(duì)的“ Eg.Work in pairs./Lets act out the dialogue in pairs. A pair of “一雙/副”,后常接表示成雙成對(duì)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 Eg. a pair of socks/glasses/mittens/trouse

7、rs “Pair(s) of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)“做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與pair的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。 Eg.A pair of comfortable shoes is needed. Two pairs of shoes are needed.2、correct the spelling 改正拼寫(xiě)（錯(cuò)誤） correct v.改正；糾正 Correct the mistakes in these sentences. Adj.正確的；對(duì)的 I can tell you the correct answer. spelling n.拼寫(xiě) You must pay attention to yo

8、ur mistakes in spelling.3、Practise saying the words 練習(xí)說(shuō)單詞 Practise v.練習(xí) 后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式做賓語(yǔ)。 Practise doing sth 練習(xí)做某事*后跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式的動(dòng)詞Practice練習(xí)/enjoy 喜歡/keep 一直/ suggest 建議/ miss 錯(cuò)過(guò)/ mind 介意/ finish 完成/advid 避免*practise與practice Practise 英式英語(yǔ)，僅作動(dòng)詞，其名詞形式為practicepractice美式英語(yǔ)，既可作動(dòng)詞，也可作名詞*諺語(yǔ)：practice mak

9、es perfect. 熟能生巧。4、match the words with their meaning.把單詞和它們的含義配對(duì)。match v.找到與相配之物，使相配；使成對(duì)，常用搭配：matchwith /to “把與配對(duì)”Eg.Please match the picture with the seasons.n.火柴；比賽 football match 足球比賽 light a cigar with a match 用火柴點(diǎn)燃一根雪茄meaning n.意義；意思 Whats the meaning of= what do you mean by “是什么意思？”Eg. Whats

10、the meaning of the word”mean”?= what do you mean by the word”mean”? “match”這個(gè)單詞是什么意思？5、complete the sentences with the words in the box.用方框中的單詞完成句子。Complete v.“把填完整；使完全” Eg. Read the passage and complete the chart. “完成，結(jié)束”=finish eg.When will he complete the job? Adj.”完整的；完成的” 副詞形式為completely “完全的；徹

11、底的” Eg. I have a complete set of Shakespeares plays Eg.I trust him completely.我完全信任他。6、look up 查找Look up 表示“查；查找”，強(qiáng)調(diào)在詞典、參考書(shū)中或通過(guò)電腦查詢。它是“動(dòng)詞+副詞“”結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)，其賓語(yǔ)若為名詞n,可以置于短語(yǔ)之后或短語(yǔ)中間；其賓語(yǔ)若為代詞，則必須置于短語(yǔ)中間。Eg. If you want to look up the new words, please look them up in this dictionary.*歸納look的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)look for 尋找 look a

12、fter 照料；照顧 look like 看起來(lái)像 look out 向外看；當(dāng)心look around 向周?chē)?look forward t盼望look over 檢查；查看look through瀏覽7、make a mistake 犯錯(cuò)誤 Mistake 可數(shù)名詞，意為“錯(cuò)誤；過(guò)錯(cuò)”，其構(gòu)成的常用短語(yǔ)為make a mistake/make mistakes(in),表示“(在某方面)犯錯(cuò)誤”。Eg. How can you make a mistake like that? 你怎么能犯那種錯(cuò)誤呢？ I often make mistakes in grammar. 我經(jīng)常在語(yǔ)法方面犯

13、錯(cuò)誤。*by mistake 表示“（由于疏忽）錯(cuò)誤地；無(wú)意地”Eg. I took someones book by mistake in the reading room.8、who has some advice? 誰(shuí)有建議啊？Advice不可數(shù)名詞，意為“意見(jiàn)；建議”，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Eg.There is some good advice about how to reduce air pollution on the Internet.一條建議：a piece of advice ; 一些建議：some advice*advice構(gòu)成的常用搭配give sb some a

14、dvice on/about (在某方面)給某人一些建議ask for advice 征求意見(jiàn)take/follow ones advice 接受/遵循某人的建議Eg. I will give you a piece of advice on how to finish the work . Ok, I will take your advice.9、We should always speak English in class. 在課堂上我們應(yīng)該總是說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。Should 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“應(yīng)該”，表示建議、責(zé)任或義務(wù)，無(wú)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，后接動(dòng)詞原形，可用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，其否定形式為sho

15、uldnt。Eg. All of us should save water. We shouldnt be late for school. Should he take Miss Whites advice?10、Lets try to speak English as much as possible. 讓我們盡可能多說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。try to do sth 盡力做某事 I tried to finish the work by myself. 我努力獨(dú)自完成這項(xiàng)工作。辨析 try to do sth 與try doing sthTry to do sth指盡力、設(shè)法做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)付出一定努力設(shè)法

16、去完成Try doing sth指嘗試做某事，不一定付出很大努力Eg. The boy tried to study hard. 這個(gè)男孩設(shè)法刻苦學(xué)習(xí)。 The little duck tried crossing the river. 小鴨子試著過(guò)河。asas possible 表示“盡可能”,相當(dāng)于asas one can do/could,其中，asas中間用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)。Eg. You should eat vegetables as much as possible.你應(yīng)該盡可能多吃蔬菜。I phoned him so that he would come as soon as

17、 possible/as soon as he could.我給他打了電話，讓他盡快過(guò)來(lái)。11、Why not write down our mistakes in our notebooks? 為什么不把錯(cuò)誤記在我們的筆記本上呢？”why not”表示“為什么不呢”，其后接動(dòng)詞原形，用于向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh或征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)，相當(dāng)于“Why dont we/you?”Eg.Why not come a little earlier?=Why dont you come a little earlier? 你為什么不早點(diǎn)來(lái)呢？write down”寫(xiě)下；記下”，是由“動(dòng)詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，其賓語(yǔ)若為

18、代詞，只能放在短語(yǔ)中間。Eg. I like writing down news words on my notebook, instead of writing them down on the notebook.12、forget動(dòng)詞，意為”忘；忘記”,后面可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)詞in形式作賓語(yǔ)，其反義詞為 remember.Eg. Sorry, I forget your name. 抱歉，我忘記你的名字了。*【辦析】 forget to do sth.與 forget doing sth.forget to do sth.“忘記去做某事”，表示事情尚未發(fā)生forget doin

19、g sth.“忘記做過(guò)某事”，表示事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生eg.-Oh，no! I forgot to close the window.哦，不!我忘記關(guān)窗戶了。. Take it easy. You forget closing it just now. 別緊張。你忘了剛剛關(guān)過(guò)窗戶了。*【拓展】 remember的用法remember to do sth.“記得去做某事”，表示事情尚未發(fā)生remember doing sth“記得做過(guò)某事”，表示事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生eg. Please remember to turn off the lights before you leave the room離開(kāi)房間前請(qǐng)

20、記得關(guān)燈。eg.I remember turning off the lights.我記得關(guān)上燈了。13、What else?還有嗎?else副詞，意為“其他的;另外的”。常用在不定代詞或疑間詞之后。Eg.Is anyone else coming to the party?還有其他人來(lái)參加聚會(huì)嗎?*【辨析】else與 otherelse副詞，用于不定代詞或疑問(wèn)詞之后other形容詞，修飾名詞，用于名詞之前eg.Who else do you know in our class?我們班你還認(rèn)識(shí)誰(shuí)?eg. You can touch something else with the other h

21、and. 你可以用另一只手觸摸其他物體。14、It's a good idea to spell and pronounce new words aloud every day.每天大聲拼讀生詞是一個(gè)好主意。 (1) It s a good idea to do sth.表示“做某事是一個(gè)好主意”.其結(jié)構(gòu)為it+be+名詞+ to do sth.”，其中it作形式主語(yǔ)，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)是真正的主語(yǔ)。Eg.Its a good habit to keep a diary.堅(jiān)持記目記是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣(2)pronunciation動(dòng)詞，意為“發(fā)的音”，其名詞形式為pronunciation

22、,意為“發(fā)音”。Eg.I can t pronounce the word "pronunciation”. 我不會(huì)發(fā)“ pronunciation”這個(gè)單詞的音。(3) aloud副詞，意為“大聲地;出聲地”。Eg.Jim read the letter aloud to his grandfather 吉姆把信大聲念給他的爺爺聽(tīng)。*【辨析】 aloud，loud與 loudlyaloud副詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)“出聲”，讓人聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，但聲音并不一定很大。常與read、cry等動(dòng)詞連用，無(wú)比較等級(jí)loud形容詞或副詞，意為“大聲的(地)”。作形容詞時(shí)，常用在名詞前作定語(yǔ):作副詞時(shí)，常與 speak，

23、talk、1augh等動(dòng)詞連用。有比較等級(jí)loudly副詞，意為“響亮地大聲地”，含有“喧鬧”的意味，有比較等級(jí)Eg.The pain made her cry aloud.疼痛使她大聲叫喊起來(lái)。Eg.There are many people talking loudly in the room. Speak louder,please.房間里有許多人在大聲討論，請(qǐng)大點(diǎn)兒聲說(shuō)。15. How about listening to the radio聽(tīng)廣播怎么樣? “ How about.?”相當(dāng)于“ What about.?”，表示“怎么樣?”，常用來(lái)提出建議或征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)。其中， abo

24、ut是介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式Eg.How/ What about a cup of coffee?來(lái)杯咖啡怎么樣?Eg.I need a glass of cold drink. How/What about you? 我要一杯冷飲，你呢？Eg.How/ What about listening to some songs?聽(tīng)些歌怎么樣?16、You don t need to understand every word.你們不必理解每個(gè)單詞的意在本句中need作行為動(dòng)詞，意為“需要”，其后可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。 need to do sth，表示“需要做某事”。

25、 dont need to do sth.相當(dāng)于 dont have to do sth 表示“不必做某事”Eg. Amy needs to practise speaking Chinese.艾米需要練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。Eg. We don't need/have to finish the work today. 我們不必今天就完成工作。17、I get to know a lot about the world through reading.通過(guò)閱讀，我開(kāi)始更多地了解世界get to know表示“(開(kāi)始)認(rèn)識(shí)(逐新)了解”，暗示一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程，含有“漸漸開(kāi)始了解”之意。Eg, How

26、 did you get to know Liz?你是怎樣認(rèn)識(shí)莉茲的?Eg.I have known Jill for ten years.我認(rèn)識(shí)吉爾十年了。18、I agree with you.我贊同你的提議。agree動(dòng)詞，意為“贊同;同意”，其反義詞為 disagree“不同意”eg. Do you agree or not?你同意還是不同意?*【辨析】 agree with， agree to與 agree onagree with指贊成某人(的看法、意見(jiàn)或所說(shuō)的話等)，后常跟人或表示事物的名詞、動(dòng)名詞或賓語(yǔ)從句agree to指同意某事，后常跟表示建議、計(jì)劃、安排的詞，其中，to是

27、介詞agree on指在某事上達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn)Eg.I agree with you, but I don't agree to your plan until you and your parents agree on this thing.我贊同你的意見(jiàn)，但是在你和你父母還沒(méi)有就這件事達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn)之前，我不同意你的計(jì)劃。19、talk about 談?wù)?0、have problems with 在(方面)有問(wèn)題 eg. I have problem with the pronunciation. 我在發(fā)音方面有些問(wèn)題。21、understand/Speak English 理解/ 說(shuō)英

28、語(yǔ)22、ask for 請(qǐng)求（給予） ask for advice about 請(qǐng)求（給予）在方面的意見(jiàn) ask for 另一常用搭配：ask sb for sth 請(qǐng)求某人給予某物 eg. Why not ask your teacher for help?23、how to improve their English 為 “疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）”結(jié)構(gòu)。另外常見(jiàn)的還有what to do. eg. I dont know what to do. 我不知道做什么？24、improve V.改進(jìn)，改善 其名詞形式為improvement。 eg. We all hope to improv

29、e our lives.25、several times 多次several 形容詞（adj）幾個(gè)，一些 后面加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) eg. several bookstime 做不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，意為時(shí)間；做可數(shù)名詞講時(shí)，意為次，回。對(duì)次數(shù)提問(wèn)用句型“How many times?” eg.-How many times have you visited Hong Kong? 你游覽過(guò)香港多少次？- Three times. 三次26、each time 每一次 Each在此處做形容詞，意為每；每個(gè)的；各自的； eg. each picture /each storybook/each student

30、總體來(lái)講，each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體。可作形容詞或代詞，可單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)也可用“ each of-+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)eg. Each student has a pocket dictionary. Each has a book. Each of us/students has a notebook. Each boy and girl has a book./ Each boy and each girl has a book. 與every區(qū)分。every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，只能作形容詞，與名詞連用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，不能與of連用。 eg. Every student has strong

31、 and weak points. Every one of us has strong and weak points.27、advise動(dòng)詞（v），意為“向提出意見(jiàn);忠告;建議”，常用搭配為 advise sb (not) to do sth. 建議某人做某事；advise( doing)sth. 建議(做)某事 eg. Police are advising people to stay at home警方正告誠(chéng)民眾要待在家中 . Eg. My friend advised me not to go out in the evening. Eg.The teacher adviced s

32、peaking English as much as possible.28、be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事；不敢做某事 Eg. I am afraid to play with dogs.29、have conversation with 與對(duì)話、交流30、smile at 沖微笑 Eg. She smiled at me and I smiled back.Vs. laugh at 嘲笑 Eg.My best friend often smiles at me, and she never laughs at others.31、quickly 副詞（adv）,”快地；

33、迅速地“，由形容詞quick加后綴-ly構(gòu)成。 Eg. The quickly became friends.quickly”快地；迅速地“,指動(dòng)作敏捷或速度快fast”快地；迅速地“，只速度快soon“很快，不久“，指時(shí)間過(guò)得快 Eg. Jim ran out of the room quickly.吉姆迅速?gòu)姆块g里跑了出來(lái)The girl can run fast.那個(gè)女孩能跑得很快。My sister will be back soor.我的姐姐很快就會(huì)回來(lái)。32、it is natural to do sth 做某事是正常的；自然的It+be+adj(important/easy/difficult)to do sth 做某事是(重要的/容易的/難的)It+be+adj(important/easy/difficult)for sb to do sth 對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是(重要的/容易的/難的)Eg.it is very important(for students) to learn English .It+be+adj+for sb+ to do sth外在條件It+be+adj+of sb+ to do sth內(nèi)在品質(zhì)33、suggest v.建議，提議 suggest doin