課文翻譯及課后練習答案

1、Unit 1 DreamsIn-Class Reading Are You A Dreamer?你做夢嗎？1 夢，我們?yōu)槭裁磿鰤?？夢有意義嗎？真的有夢中所見之事成為現(xiàn)實這種事嗎？幾千年來人們對這些問題一直很感興趣。過去幾十年的科學發(fā)展使我們對睡眠的自然過程有了更多的認識，然而對于與夢有關(guān)的諸多問題依然沒有最終答案，這些問題還在繼續(xù)困惑著我們。2 人人都做夢只不過有些人不記得做過夢罷了。人類腦電波的記錄顯示我們所有人入睡后就進入做夢狀態(tài)。夜晚的大部分時間我們都在做夢，但只有當我們處在REM（眼球迅速轉(zhuǎn)動）睡眠階段時醒來才會記住所做的夢。眼球迅速轉(zhuǎn)動階段便是我們做夢的時候。每晚我們有四個或五個R

2、EM睡眠階段，第一次出現(xiàn)在入睡后的90分鐘左右。此后，夢期每90分鐘復現(xiàn)一次，每次持續(xù)15到45分鐘，持續(xù)時間隨著夜晚的深入逐漸延長。3 睡眠的主要目的（除讓我們休息外）也許就是讓我們做夢讓我們以一種截然不同的方式回顧我們的生活、我們的憂慮和希望，以及在潛意識中觀察自我，把不再需要的資料從記憶中剔除。4 有些夢可能是由簡單的生理原因引起的。例如，夢到在灼熱的煤塊上行走很可能是由睡眠時腳太靠近取暖器引起的。而夢到想跑但兩腿卻動彈不了這種令人沮喪的境況，也許是被子裹得太緊的緣故。鬧鈴響了而依然熟睡的人則很可能會夢到門鈴或電話鈴響。所有這些都是潛意識和意識共同引導和啟示我們的簡單例子。5 不過這些從

3、生理角度進行的解釋尚不足以說明為什么我們會做夢。有些人認為夢純粹是無稽之談，僅僅是人腦中電脈沖無的放矢的結(jié)果，然而，有些人則認為即便是最簡單的夢也具有重要的含義。6 有些夢反映的內(nèi)心憂慮是立即可以識別的。夢見失去工作或者沒了房子，也許是反映了真實的憂慮，即便這些憂慮只是潛意識的。我們大多數(shù)人都夢見過必須參加一門很難的課程的期末考試，也許是一門從未修過的課，也許是一門學得很糟糕的課。7 但是，有一些夢并沒有這樣明顯的含義，對它們該如何解析呢？多少世紀以來，男男女女都從所謂的解夢字典中尋找答案，這類字典最早的有可能可以追溯到公元前5000年。根據(jù)這些字典，夢見喝酒意味著短命，而夢見喝水則預(yù)示著長壽

4、。8 一直到公元200年，解夢字典受歡迎的程度仍絲毫未減。當時，古希臘的阿特米多魯斯寫了一部長達五卷的書，書中解析了3000多個夢，列舉了一系列的夢符，諸如右手（表示父親），左手（表示母親），以及海豚（表示好兆頭）。9 如今，圖書館和書店里有無數(shù)解析夢的書籍。對于那些解夢愛好者來說，它們依然深受歡迎。然而，多數(shù)專家警告說，讀這些書時要非常謹慎。心理分析家兼作家肯尼思·桑德斯解釋說：“夢與每個人的心理密切相關(guān)，因此分析往往容易出現(xiàn)錯誤和偏差。我認為，只有當你了解做某個夢的人時，才能發(fā)現(xiàn)這個夢的真正含義?！盇fter-Class Reading 成為現(xiàn)實的夢1 1965 年11月7 日的

5、晚上，瑪麗·都特瑞做了一個噩夢。她忘不了那個夢，她的丈夫喬治也忘不了。她是這么講述自己的夢的：“我夢見夜里自己在一座山上，電閃雷鳴，然后我看見天上一道亮光，一聲巨大的撞擊聲后，我聽到四處都是尖叫聲?！? 瑪麗說，她隨后看見地上有一只手。她感到有些害怕，但還是走上前去。然后她看見了一只胳膊，胳膊的那頭是些尸體碎塊。她說在夢里她尖叫起來：“快來人哪！”然后她看見一些人抬著一個大柳條筐，他們把尸體放進筐里后就走了。3 瑪麗驚醒時還在叫喊著?！艾旣?！”喬治俯下身，推推她?！霸趺戳耍俊彼麊?。4 瑪麗告訴他：“我剛才夢見你飛機失事死了。噢，喬治，求求你不要坐那趟去辛辛那提的航班?！? 瑪麗求他不

6、要去，但是喬治不聽她的勸阻。然而，在開車去機場的路上，喬治開始感到有點不對頭。接著他看見一架飛機從頭頂飛過，心慌得怦怦直跳。于是他明白自己不能坐那趟飛機了。他給機場打電話，取消了機票。然后他給瑪麗打電話，接著乘火車去了辛辛那提。6 那天晚上，383 次航班試圖在辛辛那提降落時遇上了暴風雨，飛機撞上了一座山?，旣愒陔娨暽峡吹搅擞嘘P(guān)的新聞報道，那情形就同她夢見的一模一樣。她看見人們拿筐子運走了尸體。但是她知道喬治沒事。因為有了她那個夢的預(yù)兆，喬治才得以安然無恙。7 約翰·布拉德利也做過類似的夢。他住在英格蘭，是一位教師。他還是一位博物學家，喜歡帶班上的學生進行校外考察旅行，了解大自然。8

7、 一天晚上，他做了一個夢。這是在他安排好的一次校外考察旅行之前一個星期發(fā)生的事。他夢見自己領(lǐng)著班上的學生走在一條鄉(xiāng)間的小路上，路邊就是教堂墓地。9 在夢里，布拉德利讓兩個男孩帶隊穿過教堂墓地。他自己走在隊伍的末尾，以便讓小一些的孩子保持前進。然而，就在他們穿過教堂墓地的時候，布拉德利感到地面在震動，接著他聽見了巨大的斷裂聲。然后，有個黑乎乎的龐然大物朝他砸了過來。那是一棵巨大的榆樹，正好砸在這隊孩子們的頭頂上。10 這個夢使布拉德利非常不安，他覺得應(yīng)該取消這次外出。他把這個夢告訴了班上的學生，但是他們都覺得他很可笑，而且都不愿意取消這次旅行。甚至其他老師也笑話他，跟他說不應(yīng)該讓孩子們掃興。于是

8、布拉德利同意出行?！暗悄銈儽仨毚饝?yīng)我，”他跟他們講，“往哪兒走你們只能聽我的?！?1 于是，他們出發(fā)了。當他們走到那條小路時，布拉德利不讓孩子們繞道穿過教堂墓地。有些孩子覺得這樣做很蠢，不過他們還是按老師說的做了。12 走到小路的盡頭，他們面前是一座跨河的橋。年紀大一些的男孩子停下來問道：“老師，我們應(yīng)該走哪條道？過河呢，還是走沿河的小路？”13 布拉德利停住腳步。他對那條小路有一種古怪的感覺?！斑^橋，”他告訴他們。于是孩子們開始過橋。接著，布拉德利聽到了可怕的斷裂聲，同自己在夢中聽到的完全一樣。他回頭一看，只見就在那條小路邊上，一棵巨大的榆樹搖搖晃晃，倒在了地上。他的預(yù)感應(yīng)驗了。孩子們面面

9、相覷，然后看著自己的老師。如果剛才他們走那條小路的話，那么此刻他們就正好在那棵榆樹倒下來的位置。課內(nèi)閱讀練習答案 Part One Preparation1. BrainstormingSampleSleepwalking, also known as somnambulism (夢游癥), is a sleep disorder. Sleepwalkers arise from the slow-wave sleep stage in a state of low consciousness and perform activities that are usually performed

10、during a state of full consciousness, such as sitting up in bed, walking to the bathroom, cleaning, etc. which may involve no harm or danger. Those who work with dreams of these sorts take the position that a dream may have a variety of meanings, depending on the levels that are being explored.Night

11、mare refers to a very frightening dream. It may also refer to unpleasant experiences.Recurring dreams refer to dreams people have from time to time. Dream catcher is a handmade object based on a willow hoop, on which is woven a loose net or web decorated with personal and sacred items such as feathe

12、rs and beads. Originated in the culture of Ojibwa, one of the largestgroups of Native Americans, a dream catcher is believed to be able to change a persons dreams. Hung above the bed, it is traditionally used as a charm to protect sleeping children from nightmares.When it comes to the interpretation

13、 of dreams, the most well-known might be The Interpretation of Dreams, a book written by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud. The book introduces Freuds theory of the unconscious with respect to dream interpretation. In the book, he first demonstrates a psychological technique which makes it possible

14、 to interpret dreams. With the application of this technique, every dream will reveal itself as a psychological structure, full of significance, and one which may be assigned to a specific place in the psychic activities of the waking state. Further, he tries to explain the processes underlying the

15、strangeness and obscurity of dreams, and to deduce from these processes the nature of the psychic forces whose conflict or cooperation is responsible for dreams.Freuds view was that dreams were all forms of “wish fulfillment”, which means that the unconscious makes attempts to resolve a conflict of

16、some sort. However, because the information in the unconscious is in an unruly and often disturbing form, a “censor” in the preconscious will not allow it to pass unaltered into the conscious. According to Freud, images in dreams are often not what they appear to be, and need deeper interpretation i

17、f they are to inform us of the structures of the unconscious.2. A Dream PollSample I dont think dreams can predict the future. I never take dreams seriously. To me, dreams are just meaningless nonsense. If someone claims that what they dreamed came true, it was only a coincidence. Dreams can make me

18、 feel good. After a good nights sleep and some sweet dreams, I feel happy and full of energy when I wake up in the morning. But of course, I dont like terrible dreams which make me very tired.3. Talking About Your DreamsSampleA: How often do you dream?B: I dream almost every night.A: What sort of dr

19、eams do you have? Are they connected to your daily life?B: Yes, I always dream about things that are connected to my daily life. For example, after I play computer games for a long time, I dream of playing computer games. Sometimes, I cant find a book, but then I dream that I have found it.A: Do you

20、 have recurring dreams?B: Yes, I often dream of having to take an exam I havent prepared for.A: Have you ever wondered about the meanings of your dreams? Do you have any satisfactory explanations for your dreams?B: I am curious about the meanings of my dreams, but I cant come up with any explanation

21、s.A: Why do you think people dream?B: Its hard to say. However, as a Chinese saying goes, “We think of something during the day, and we dream of it during the night.” I think when the body is at rest, the mind, probably a part of the brain, continues to work. That may be the reason why we dream.Part

22、 Two Reading-Centered ActivitiesIn-Class ReadingPost-ReadingReading Comprehension1. I Introduction: Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings. (Para. 1)II Dreaming and sleeping (Paras. 2-3)i Dreaming occurs when we are in a REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep.ii The main purposes of sleeping

23、may be to allow us to rest and to dream.III Possible causes of dreams (Paras. 4-6)i Physiological causeExample: Sleeping with ones feet too close to a heater may cause one to dream of walking on hot coals.ii Reflection of inner fearsExample: Worrying about losing ones job may cause one to dream of l

24、osing ones job.IV Dream interpretations (Paras. 7-9)i The earliest dream dictionaries indicated that drinking wine predicted a short life and drinking water meant a long life.ii Artemidorus dictionary includes symbols such as right hand (father), left hand (mother) and dolphin (a good omen).iii Most

25、 experts warn that dream interpretations should be read with care.2. 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 F 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 F 10 F3. Sample I agree with Kenneth Saunders opinion. First, different people have different personalities, social backgrounds and experiences. Since dreams are kinds of subjective activities in o

26、nes brain, different people may see the world in different ways. Second, I think to some extent, dreams are closely related to real life. So, you are likely to make mistakes if you try to interpret someones dreams without knowing what exactly the person has experienced. I think it is possible to ana

27、lyze a dream without knowing the dreamer. If we share the same language, culture and physical environment, we would have a lot in common, at least, for example, the nature of human beings. Of course, people have different ways of thinking, but it doesnt mean we cant understand each other. Im very in

28、terested in learning about dreams and ways of interpreting dreams.Vocabulary11 explanation 2 enthusiasts 3 frustrating 4 popularity5 unconscious 6 electric / electrical 7 movements 8 recognizable9 interpretation 10 countless21 asleep 2 sleepless 3 sleep 4 sleepy 5 asleep6 slept 7 sleeping, sleep 8 s

29、leeper 9 sleep 10 overslept31 submerged: go below the surface of the sea, river or lake（使）浸沒，淹沒2 subculture: the behavior, practices, etc. associated with a group within a society 亞文化3 submarine: a special type of ship which can travel under water 潛水艇4 subway: the passage under ground along which pe

30、destrians can pass 地下通道5 subzero: (of temperatures) below zero 零度以下的6 Subtropical: belonging to or relating to parts of the world that have warm and humid weather副熱帶的，亞熱帶的7 subspecies: a subdivision of a species（物種的）亞種8 subnormal: below an average or expected standard, especially of intelligence 低于正

31、常標準的9 subdivided: divide the parts of sth. that has already been divided 再分，重分10 subtitles: words shown at the bottom of a film or television picture to explain what is being said 4mislead nonstop unprepared misunderstanding non-verbal non-existent nonprofit uncommon unfamiliarity uncover1 uncovered

32、 2 misunderstanding 3 nonprofit 4 unprepared 5 uncommon6 non-verbal 7 nonstop 8 misled 9 non-existent 10 unfamiliarity51 progressed 2 puzzled 3 process 4 reflected 5 predict6 advances 7 symbol 8 conscious / aware 9 inner 10 modeTranslation1 You will see that what I am saying now will come true.2 Whe

33、n young people remain single, they are open to pressure from other people.3 The problem of unemployment is tied up with the development of new technology.4 His appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize him.5 The tour guide said that some castles date back to the 13th century.6 S

34、he has never done anything for them, whereas they have done everything they can for her.Part Three Further Development1. Grammar Review1 having ever had a chance / having ever been given a chance2 to lock her door3 visiting only once a month4 to stay in full-time education5 to phone you6 trying to e

35、scape7 to put their needs first8 reading9 to build / building the house10 to be so rude to him2. Vocabulary Review1 A natural: not involving anything made by people 天然的，自然的B neutral: a neutral color is not very strong or bright 暗淡的，不鮮艷的C natural: to be expected; usual 合乎情理的，慣常的D neutral: not support

36、ing any of the people or groups involved in an argument ordisagreement 中立的，不偏不倚的2A shattered: (cause to) break suddenly into very small pieces （使）粉碎B crashing: hit sth. or sb. extremely hard while moving, in a way that causes a lot of damageor makes a lot of noise 撞擊C crack: (cause to) break without

37、 dividing into separate parts（使）開裂D crash: an accident in which a vehicle violently hits sth. else 碰撞3 A ancient: of or from a long time ago, having lasted for a very long time, or very old 古代的，遠古的，古老的B early: near the beginning of a period of time 早期的，初期的C previous: happening or existing before the

38、 one mentioned 先前的，以前的D ancient: (informal) when you say “sth. is ancient history”, you mean it happened long timeago and is not important now 從前的（事）4A sign: an event, fact, etc. which shows that sth. exists or is happening 跡象，征兆B symbol: a shape or design that is used to represent sth. such as an i

39、dea 象征C signal: a sound or action that you make in order to give information to sb. or tell them todo sth. 信號D signs / symbols: a standard mark that is used to represent sth. 符號，記號5 A view: state of seeing or being seen from a particular place 視野B vision: ability to see; eyesight 視力C vision: an imag

40、ined mental picture of sth. 想象，幻想D outlook: your general attitude toward life and the world（ 對生活、世界的）觀點，見解E view: personal opinion or attitude 觀點，看法6 A errors / mistakes: things done incorrectly through ignorance or wrong judgment 錯誤，失誤B fault: if sth. bad that has happened is your fault, you should

41、 be blamed for it 過錯C error: a moral wrong 道德上的錯誤D fault: sth. that is wrong with a machine, system, design, etc, which prevents it from workingproperly 故障E mistake: “by mistake” is a fixed phrase, if you do sth. by mistake, you do it withoutintending to 錯誤地（并非故意）7 A confused: unable to think clearl

42、y 被弄糊涂的B confusing: difficult to understand; puzzling 令人迷惑的C confusion: a situation in which sb. wrongly thinks that a person or thing is sb.or sth. 混淆D confuse: mistake one person or thing for another 混淆8 A conscious: noticing the existence or presence of sth. particular 意識到的，知道的B unconscious: in t

43、he state of having lost consciousness 失去知覺的C subconscious: present at a hidden level of the mind 潛意識的，下意識的D consciousness: the state of being awake, thinking and aware of what is happening aroundyou 意識，神志清醒3. Interpreting DreamsSample1 Her dream tells her that she would feel the same about herself a

44、s she does about the sow if she did not control her eating. The dream reflects her inner conflicts between two desires: to be on diet and to indulge herself. Subconsciously the former seems to take the upper hand over the latter.2 It seems that Sara is still in love with her ex-boyfriend, although s

45、he thinks she has got over him. Now that he has a new girlfriend, she is quite conscious that she has lost him for good. The death of her ex-boyfriend is an indication of her determination of forgetting him and starting a new life. The symbol of the car accident is a good omen, implying good health

46、of her ex.3 The poor condition of the car is an indication of poor health, poor academic or business performance. Falling down a cliff means Peter was riding in a wrong direction and failed to end up well. In this context, the dream is suggesting that Peter was doing something dangerous, and he had

47、troubles either physically or academically.4. Describing a DreamSampleOne night, I woke up from a dream to check my watch. It said 1:00 pm and it was very bright outside. I was very scared since that morning was my first day of school for the new semester, andI was supposed to wake up before 7:00 am

48、. Oversleeping to 1:00 pm would have been terrible! I tried to get up and get out of bed. But I was unable to. instead, I went back to sleep again, and continued with my dream.Finally, I woke up and checked my watch. It was only 5:00 am, two hours before the time for me to get up for class. It was s

49、till dark outside. Not until then did I realize that the earlier checking of my watch had happened in a dream.Additional activity1. Remembering Your DreamsSTEP ONEIn a short paragraph, write down the details of a dream that you once had. If you cant remember a dream, invent one.STEP TWOTell your dre

50、am to your partner. When you have finished, check whether other classmates can remember all the details. Your partner uses a question tag and you use short answers.Example:Partner: In your dream you were eating a giant ice-cream, werent you?You: Yes, I was.Partner: Suddenly it began to melt, didnt i

51、t?You: Yes, it did.2. Four Kinds of DreamsSTEP ONEProvide the features of the four categories that dreams usually fall into.1 Daily Processing: Most dreams fall in the realm of “daily processing”, clearing the garbage from our mindsdumping input from the day thats no longer needed. We dont remember

52、most of these dreams, and those we do remember can usually be easily related to our lives.2 Problem-solving: “Problem-solving” dreams are just what you might thinkyour subconscious knows allit knows your problems and it knows how to solve them. If the subconscious thinks its solution is important en

53、ough, up pops a problem-solving dream. We dont always remember these dreams, but our conscious mind does and acts on them directly and, like our daily processing dreams, we can normally interpret them for ourselves.3 Psychological: For most of us, these dreams are about our relationships, past suffe

54、rings, our fears and anxieties, guilt and resentment. In these “psychological dreams”, were not solving a problem or making a decision, were simply facing something about ourselves or our current situation thats probably been holding us back. Some of these dreams, especially those that are repetitiv

55、e, require interpretation. Some repetitive dreams may first be defined as psychological in nature, but are actually indicative of physical problems that require medical attention.4 Precognitive: “Precognitive” dreams deliver psychic information. You dream about a friend and then see them the next da

56、y, or you dream your sister is pregnant and she is! For most of us, precognitive dreams arent so obvious because our ego shadows our psychic information with symbols. Precognitive dreams can often be identified by their quality: The light is strange, or you clearly feel that youre in another dimension.