2020-2021學(xué)年福建省福州市第一中學(xué)高一上學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試題解析版

1、福建省福州市第一中學(xué)2020-2021學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試題一、閱讀選擇Fat on human beings is distributed(分布)in different ways. Some fat people have a large stomach and no waistline- -which makes them look round, rather like apples. Others are fatter below the waist, which makes them appear pear shaped.There are two types of fat: e

2、xternal fat (fat under the skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the pears have less internal fat, but the apples have more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the heal

3、th problems.The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems that dieting simply makes an apple shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external f

4、at.1. What is the passage about?A. Ways to lose weight.B. Distribution of fat.C. Peoples body shape.D. Fatness and health.2. Which of the following people is most likely to have health problems?3. When a pear-shaped person becomes thinner, he/she loses moreA. external fat than internal fatB. interna

5、l fat than external fatC. fat above the waistD. fat below the waist試卷第!異常的公式結(jié)尾頁(yè)，總29頁(yè)9【答案】1. D2. C3. A【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了肥胖的種類及其健康問題。1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，文章介紹了胖人的不同脂肪類別以及與健康 的關(guān)系，之后介紹了如何減少脂肪，顯然與健康有關(guān)，所以本篇文章介紹的應(yīng) 該是關(guān)于脂肪與健康的內(nèi)容。故選D。2.細(xì)在理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between heal

6、th and fatness, have found that the pears have less internal fat, but the 4apples have more mtemal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the health problems.（醫(yī)生們一直在研究健康和肥胖之間的關(guān)系,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)“梨”的體 內(nèi)脂肪較少，而“蘋果”的體內(nèi)脂肪多于外部脂肪。這似乎是導(dǎo)致健康問題的原 因。）“可知，蘋果型的人容易出現(xiàn)健康問題。四幅圖中屬于蘋果體形的是C項(xiàng)。 故選C3.細(xì)行理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段But unf

7、ortunately it seems that dieting simply makes an apple shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat.（但不幸的是，.食似乎只會(huì)讓蘋果型身材的人變成小蘋果， 讓梨型身材的人變成小梨。目前還沒有已知的方法來減少體內(nèi)脂肪而不是外部 脂肪。戶可知，減肥所減的是外部

8、脂肪，內(nèi)部脂肪很難減去。所以梨形身材的 人變瘦時(shí)，減掉的外部脂肪多于內(nèi)部脂肪。故選A。If you ask people to name the one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like Shakespeare/ Samuel Johnsonand “Webster： but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didnt even speak English-Willi

9、am the Conqueror.Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. In the west central region lived the Welsh, who spoke a Celtic language, and in the north lived the Scots, whose language, though not the same as Welsh, was also Celtic. In the r

10、est of the country lived the Saxons, actually a mixture of Anglos, Saxons, and other Germanic and Nordic peoples, who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon （or Old English）, a Germanic language. If this state of affairs had lasted. English today would be close to German.But this state of affairs did no

11、t last. In 1066 the Normans led by William defeated the Saxons and began their mle over England. For about a century, French became the official language of Eng-land while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result, English words of Politics and the law come from French rather than Ger

12、man. In some cases, modern English even shows a distinction （區(qū)別） between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words. We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fac

13、t that theSaxon peasants were doing the fanning, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany moreHforeign1 than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from Engl

14、ish than French does. Few realize that the English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one mans ambition.4. The two major languages spoken in what is now called Great Britain before 1066 wereA.Welsh and ScottishB.Nordic and GermanicC.Ce

15、ltic and Old English.D.Anglo-Saxon and Germanic5. Which of the following groups of words are. by inference, rooted in French?A.president. Lawyer, beefB.president, bread, waterC.bread, field, sheepD.folk, field, cow6. Why does France appear less foreign than Germany to Americans on their first visit

16、to Europe?A. Most advertisements in France appear in English.B. They know little of the history of the English language.C. Many French words are similar to English ones.D. They know French better than German.7. What is the subject discussed in the text?A. The history of Great Britain.B - The similar

17、ity between English and French.C. The rule of England by William the Conqueror.D. The French influences on the English language.【答案】4. C5. A6. C7. D【分析】本文是一篇議論文。如果讓你列舉那些對(duì)應(yīng)于做出最大貢獻(xiàn)的人，你一定會(huì)得 到類似莎士比亞，塞繆爾約翰遜這樣的答案，但實(shí)際上，沒有任何人的對(duì)英語(yǔ) 的影響力能夠超過征服者威廉。在1066年以前，我們現(xiàn)在稱為英國(guó)的上地上 存在兩種主要語(yǔ)言，一種是凱爾特語(yǔ)，另一種是古英語(yǔ)。而后來由于威廉的雄 心，使得古英語(yǔ)

18、成為英國(guó)的主要語(yǔ)言，而法語(yǔ)也成為對(duì)英語(yǔ)影響頗深的語(yǔ)言。4.細(xì)行理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句In the west-central region lived the Welsh, who spoke a Celtic language, and in the north lived the Scots, whose language, though not the same as Welsh, was also Celtic.”在中西地區(qū)住著威爾士人，他們說 凱爾特語(yǔ)，在南部居住著蘇格蘭人，他們的語(yǔ)言不同于威爾士人的語(yǔ)言，但也 是凱爾特語(yǔ)。由此可知一大主要語(yǔ)言為凱爾特語(yǔ)。根據(jù)第二段第三句In the

19、 rest of the country lived the Saxons, actually a mixture of Anglos, Saxons, and other Germanic and Nordic peoples, who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon (or Old English), a Germanic language. ”在國(guó)家的其余地方居住著撒克遜人，他們是英 國(guó)人、撒克遜人、德國(guó)人、日耳星人的混合，他們講的語(yǔ)言是英格蘭語(yǔ)(即古 英語(yǔ))?？芍硪淮蠓种楣庞⒄Z(yǔ)。故選C。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“As a result. E

20、nglish words of politics and die law come from French rather than German：結(jié)果導(dǎo)致,英語(yǔ)中關(guān)于政治和法律的詞來 源于法語(yǔ)而不是德語(yǔ)?！癢e even have different words for some foods、meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were d

21、oing the farming, while the upper-class Nonnans were domg most of the eating:我們甚至在食物尤其是 肉食上有不同的詞，這取決于它是長(zhǎng)在田野里，還是在家煮著吃，事實(shí)證明， 撒克遜農(nóng)民在耕作而上層社會(huì)的諾域人在大部分食物上貢獻(xiàn)更多。由此可見， 有關(guān)政治、法律以及家中煮著的食物最可能來源于法國(guó)，故選A。6細(xì) ij理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句When Americans visit Europe for the first time. they usually find Germany more HforeignM than Fr

22、ance because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does”當(dāng)美國(guó)人到歐洲旅游時(shí)，他們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)德語(yǔ)比法語(yǔ)更像外國(guó)i吊 以為在德國(guó).他們看見的標(biāo)簽和廣告語(yǔ)看起來比法語(yǔ)更與英語(yǔ)不同。所以可知, 許多法語(yǔ)詞匯和英語(yǔ)很像。故選C。7. 主旨大意題。文章開篇即拋出問題：誰(shuí)對(duì)英語(yǔ)的影響最大，接著給出答案: 征服者威廉?？梢娢恼录磳⒂懻摰膯栴}就是他對(duì)英語(yǔ)的影響c接下來，作者介 紹了 1066年以前的英國(guó)語(yǔ)言由兩大派系組成，而之后由于威廉

23、的雄心，才使 得古英語(yǔ)成為英國(guó)的主要語(yǔ)言，而法語(yǔ)也成為對(duì)英語(yǔ)影響頗深的語(yǔ)言。故選D。While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.The

24、ir efforts have been proven fmitfuL Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department a

25、t the China Academy of Art （CAA）. His office is located at the Xiangshan campus（校向）of the university in Hangzhou. Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by

26、 the complex architectural space and abundant building types. Tlic curves（曲線）of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks

27、 into walls, roofs and con idors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements（元素）.Whngs works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chin

28、ese architecture. said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. “That is only evidence that traditions once existed/1 he said.“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old t

29、hings from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created,H he said.Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without kno

30、wing what they really are,H said Wang.The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.8. Wings winning of the prize means that Cliinese architects are.A. following the latest world trendB. getting international

31、recognitionC. working harder than ever beforeD. relying on foreign architects9. What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?A. Its hilly environment.B. Its large size.C. Its unique style.D. Its diverse functions.10. What made Wings architectural design a success?A. The mixture of differ

32、ent shapes.B. The balance of East and West.C. The use of popular techniques.D. The harmony of old and new.11. What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?A. Spread them to the world.B. Preserve them at museums.C. Teach them in universities.D. Recreate them in practice.【答案】8. B9. C10

33、. D11. D【分析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了中國(guó)建筑設(shè)計(jì)師王渤在其作品中融合中國(guó) 傳統(tǒng)建筑文化，獲得了建筑界的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)一普利策獎(jiǎng)，這讓中國(guó)建筑現(xiàn)在得 到了國(guó)際認(rèn)可。8 .推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的內(nèi)容可知，王諭獲得2012年普利策獎(jiǎng)，而 普利策獎(jiǎng)相當(dāng)于建筑界的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，他是第一個(gè)獲此獎(jiǎng)的中國(guó)人，故推知中國(guó) 建筑現(xiàn)在得到了國(guó)際認(rèn)可。故B項(xiàng)正確。9 .細(xì)行理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段對(duì)CAA校園的描述可知，它的設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格獨(dú)特, 與大多數(shù)中國(guó)大學(xué)的校園很不同，許多游客感對(duì)復(fù)雜的建筑空間和豐富的建筑 類型感到吃驚，故C正確。10 .細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段1995年普利策獎(jiǎng)的獲得者Tadao

34、And。的評(píng) 語(yǔ)可知，王渤設(shè)計(jì)的成功之處是把中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)元素融入現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)，并保持兩者的 和諧，故D正確。11 .推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段和倒數(shù)第三段中In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created 可知，傳統(tǒng)的 研究要與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合，在實(shí)踐中進(jìn)行再創(chuàng)造，否則就會(huì)是人工的和空的，故D 正確?！军c(diǎn)睛】根據(jù)事實(shí)細(xì)正推斷合理信息。推理題要求在理解原文表面文字信息 的基礎(chǔ)上，作出一定判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理 題所涉及的內(nèi)容

35、可能是文中某一句話，也可是某幾句話，但做題的指導(dǎo)思想都 是以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根據(jù)的推理，也不能根 據(jù)表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是說，要做到判斷有據(jù)，推論有理，忠實(shí)原 文。切忌用自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的本意，切忌片而思考，得出片而結(jié)論。此題的第一小題和第四小題為推理判斷題。第1題根據(jù)第二段第二句可知Wang Shu獲得2012年普利策獎(jiǎng)，相當(dāng)于建筑界的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，再根據(jù)第三句他是第 一個(gè)獲此獎(jiǎng)的中國(guó)人可知，中國(guó)建筑現(xiàn)在得到了國(guó)際認(rèn)可，因得到認(rèn)可才能獲 獎(jiǎng)。此題的解題關(guān)鍵時(shí)根據(jù)原文的兩個(gè)信息句進(jìn)行的判斷，而ACD原文中沒 有提及?！癢ho made you T-shirt?

36、、A Georgetown University student raised that question. Piertra Rivoli, a professor of business, wanted to find the answer. A few weeks later, she bought a T-shirt and began to follow its path from Texas cotton farms to Chinese factories to charity bin （慈善捐贈(zèng)箱）.The result is an interesting new book. T

37、he travels of a T-shirt in the Global Economy.Following a T-shirt around the world in a way to make her point more interesting, but it also frees Rivoli from the usual arguments over global trade. She goes, wherever the T-shirt goes, and there are suiprises around every corner In China. Rivoli shows

38、 why a clothing factory, even with its poor conditions, means a step towards a better life for the people who work there. In the colorful used-clothnig markets of Tanzania, she realizes that, “it is only in this final stage of life that the T-sliirt will meet a real market/ where the price of a shir

39、t changes by the hour and is different by its size and even color. Rivolis book is full of memorable people and scenes, like the noise, the bad air and the “muddy sweet smell （泥上香味）of the cotton. She saysHere in the factory; Shanghai smells like Shallowater, Texas.”Rivoli is at her best when making

40、those sorts of unexpected connections. She even finds one between the free traders and those who are against globalization. The chances opened up by trade are huge, she argues, but free markets need the correcting force of politics to keep them in check. True economic progress needs them both.12. Wh

41、at do we learn about Professor Rivoli?A. She used to raise and answer questions.B. She wears a T-shirt wherever she goes.C. She is deeply interested in world travel.D. She wrote a book about world trade.13. What do we know about T-shirts in Tanzania?A. Prices of T-shirts rise and fall frequently.B .

42、 Used T-shirts are hard to sell.C - Cheaper T-shirts are needed.D - Prices of T-shirts are usually reasonable.14. What does die word themunderlined in the last paragraph refer to?A - Free traders.B. Free markets.C. Unexpected connections.D. Chances opened up by trade.15. What would be the best title

43、 for the text?A. What T-shirts Can Do to Help Cotton FarmsB. How Shanghai Smells like TexasC. What T-shirts Can Teach UsD. How Rivoli travels with her T-shirt【答案】12. D13. A14. B15. C【分析】 本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹T恤衫價(jià)格的變動(dòng)以及變動(dòng)的原因。一位教授通 過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一件襯衫的價(jià)格會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的變化而變化，所以自由市場(chǎng)也需要 政治力量來約束他們。12.細(xì)自理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“The result is ai

44、l interesting new book. Tlie travels of a T-shirt in the Global Economy4研窕結(jié)果是一本有趣的新書T恤在全球經(jīng) 濟(jì)中的旅行廠和第二段“FoHowing a T-shirt around the world in a way to make her point more interesting, but it also frees Rivoli from the usual arguments over global trade.（在世界各地追隨一件T恤是為了讓她的觀點(diǎn)更有趣，但這也讓里 沃利從關(guān)于全球貿(mào)易的常見爭(zhēng)論中解脫出來

45、。廠可知，Rivoli教授寫了一本關(guān) 于世界貿(mào)易的書。故選D。13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“In the colorfill used-clothing markets of Tanzania, she realizes that, it is only m this filial stage of life tliat the T-shirt will meet a real market,” where the price of a shirt changes by the hour and is different by its size and even color.（在坦桑尼亞五

46、顏六色的二手服裝市場(chǎng)上，她意識(shí)到，“只有在生 命的最后階段，t恤才會(huì)進(jìn)入真正的市場(chǎng)，”一件t恤的價(jià)格每小時(shí)都在變化， 而且會(huì)因?yàn)槠浯笮∩踔令伾煌兓瘍r(jià)格。廠可知，T恤衫價(jià)格經(jīng)常會(huì)上漲 和下跌。故選A。14.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“The chaiices opened up by trade are huge, she argues, but free markets need the correcting force of politics to keep them in check. （她認(rèn)為，貿(mào)易帶來的機(jī)會(huì)是巨大的，但自由市場(chǎng)需要政治的糾正力量來控制 它們。廠可知，這里的the

47、m代指前而的free markets（自由市場(chǎng)）。故選B。15.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文介紹的是T恤衫價(jià)格的變動(dòng)以及變動(dòng)的 原因，最終得出結(jié)論“自由市場(chǎng)需要政治力量來約束它們:所以本文寫的是“T 恤可以教給我們什么工故選C。11二、七選五Endangered speciesAn endangered species is a group of animals or plants that could soon become extinct. 16. Many species are nearly extinct and could disappear off the face of

48、the earth very soon if we dont do anything to save them. There are many reasons why species become endangered.Habitat loss is the main factor. And this happens in two ways. When humans move into a new area, the animals habitat is destroyed and there is nowhere for them to live and nothing for them t

49、o eat because humans chop down trees and build houses and farms. 17. Chemicals in rivers and poisons on farms result in the destruction of animals1 homes and food supplies.18, Animals have been brought to the edge of extinction because they are killed for their highly valued meat, fun bones or skin,

50、 or just for sport. Overfishing has resulted in many large sea creatures like whales and sharks becoming endangered species.19, We should take care not to pollute natural areas, and farmers or companies who destroy animal habitats should face severe financial punishment. The public can help out by r

51、efusing to buy any product made from these animals* body parts. Governments can help, too. by making it against the law to hunt.fish or trade in endangered species. They can also provide funding for animal reserves, to protect animals from extinction by breeding more endangered animals, which they l

52、ater release into the wild. 20.A. Our recent measures, however, have helped to improve the situation.B Eventually, all the creatures on the earth will enjoy being together.C. Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing.D. Animals1 homes are also destroyed because of pollution.E.Ext

53、inction happens when the last of the species has died out and there will be nomore.F.If we all cooperate and take these steps, we will protect these animals for future generations.GSo what can individuals and governments do to protect endangered species?【答案】16. E17. D18. C19. G20. F【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要

54、介紹了導(dǎo)致物種瀕危的幾點(diǎn)原因以及個(gè)人和政府 為了保護(hù)瀕危物種應(yīng)該采取的措施。16.分析第一段內(nèi)容，結(jié)合空格前句“An endangered species is a group of animals or plants that could soon become extinct.（瀕危物種是指一組可能很快滅絕的動(dòng)物 或植物。）”可知，第一段主要講述了到底什么是瀕危物種。E項(xiàng)任xtmction happens when the last of the species has died out and there will be no more.（當(dāng)物 種中的最后一個(gè)消失了，再也沒有這個(gè)物種了，

55、滅絕就發(fā)生了。廠能夠承接上 文,介紹了物種的滅絕是如何發(fā)生的。故選E項(xiàng)。17.根據(jù)段首句Habitat loss is the main factor And tliis happens in two ways.（棲息地 的喪失是主要因素。這通過兩種方式發(fā)生“可知，本段主要介紹的是動(dòng)物棲 息地被破壞的兩種原因?？崭窈缶洹癈hemicals m rivers and poisons on farms result in the destruction of animals1 homes and food supplies.（河流中的化學(xué)物質(zhì) 和農(nóng)場(chǎng)中的毒物會(huì)破壞動(dòng)物的家園和食物供應(yīng)D項(xiàng)Anima

56、ls，homes are also destroyed because of pollution,（動(dòng)物的家園也因污染而遭到破壞。廠能夠引起下 文，講的是污染對(duì)動(dòng)物棲息地的破壞。故選D項(xiàng)。18.空格句為本段主旨句。分析段落內(nèi)容Animals have been brought to the edge of extinction because they are killed for their highly valued meat, fur. bones or skin, or just for sport. Overfishing has resulted in many large sea

57、 creatures like whales and sharks becoming endangered species.”可知，本段主要講的是人類的過度捕殺是 造成瀕危物種的原因之一。C 項(xiàng)“Endangered species are also die result ofhuntmg and fishing.（瀕危物種也是狩獵和捕魚的結(jié)果。）”能夠概括段落主旨。故選C 項(xiàng)。19.空格句為本段主旨句?？崭窈缶渥覹e should take care not to pollute natural areas, and farmers or companies who destroy anim

58、al habitats should face severe financial punishment.（我們應(yīng)該注意不要污染自然區(qū)域,破壞動(dòng)物棲息地的農(nóng)民 或公司應(yīng)該面臨嚴(yán)厲的經(jīng)濟(jì)處罰。）”這里介紹的是個(gè)人可以為保護(hù)瀕危物種做 的事情 再根據(jù)本段關(guān)鍵句Governments can help. too. by makuig it against the law to hunt, fish or trade in endangered species.（政府也可以通過制定法律規(guī)定 捕獵、捕魚或交易瀕危動(dòng)物是違法行為來保護(hù)瀕危物種。）由此可知，本段主 要講的是，作為個(gè)人和政府，我們可以做些什么來保護(hù)瀕危物種。G項(xiàng)“So what can individuals and governments do to protect endangered species?（個(gè)人和和政府 能做些什么來保護(hù)瀕危物種呢？）”能夠概括段落主旨。故選G項(xiàng)。20.空格位于段落的最