牛津上海版高二英語情態(tài)動詞自制超好用教師版

1、高二情態(tài)動詞專題（本部分主要講幾種情態(tài)動詞的常見用法，特別是各種情態(tài)動詞+完成時態(tài)的不同意義及注意點(diǎn)，讓學(xué)生通過例句來總結(jié)知識點(diǎn)，適合自主學(xué)習(xí)性比較強(qiáng)的學(xué)員）1.情態(tài)動詞定義：情態(tài)動詞又稱情態(tài)助動詞，無人稱和數(shù)的變化，只能與行為動詞或狀態(tài)動詞（簡稱實(shí)義動詞）構(gòu)成謂語；既有情態(tài)動詞特殊，又有實(shí)義動詞特征的稱為半情態(tài)動詞。2.情態(tài)動詞的分類及特點(diǎn)情態(tài)動詞的分類1) 只做情態(tài)動詞：must, can(could), may(might) 2) 可做情態(tài)動詞又可做實(shí)義動詞：need, dare 3) 具有情態(tài)動詞特征：have(had, has) to, used to, ought to 4) 情態(tài)

2、動詞表猜測：一肯一否三不定（must一肯，must not一否，can, could, would三不定。）情態(tài)動詞的特點(diǎn)情態(tài)動詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動詞后面跟的動詞原形，否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動詞后面加 "not"。個別情態(tài)動詞有現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種形式，過去式用來表達(dá)更加客氣，委婉的語氣，時態(tài)性不強(qiáng)，可用于過去，現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。情態(tài)動詞屬非及物動詞，故沒有被動語態(tài)。 We can't carry the heavy box. 我們搬不動那箱子。 I'm sorry I can't help you. 對不起，我?guī)筒簧夏恪?注意：助動詞（如do, did等

3、）與情態(tài)助動詞最主要的區(qū)別之一是：助動詞本身沒有詞義（表示人稱和時態(tài)），而情態(tài)助動詞則有自己的詞義，能表示說話人對有關(guān)動作或狀態(tài)的看法，或表示主觀設(shè)想： What have you been doing since your last job? （構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行體，本身無詞義） I am afraid I must be going. （一定要） You may have read some account of the matter. （或許已經(jīng)）NO.1 can&could1. 用法1） 表示能力，指有能力做某事，意為“能夠”(1) -“I dont think Mike can t

4、ype.” -“Yes, he can.”(2) I can speak fluent English now, but I couldnt last year.2） 表示請求和允許。表示請求，口語中常用could代替can，使語氣更委婉；意為“可否、可以”。(1) Can we turn the air conditioner on?(2) Could you have her call me back when she gets home, please?3） 在肯定句中，表示理論性的可能性；譯為“有時候會”。要表達(dá)具體某事實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性時，不用can，需用could, may, mig

5、ht。(1) Im confident that a solution can be found.(2) It will be sunny in the daytime ,but it could rain tonight.(實(shí)際可能性)4） 用在否定、疑問或感嘆句中，意為“可能”。(1) It cant be easy caring for a man and a child who are not your own.(2) Can the man over there be our head master?5） 表示推測，用在否定句、疑問句和感嘆句中，表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度，意為“可

6、能，能夠”(1) Can this be an excuse for not giving them help?(2) This cant be true.注意：1) could用來表示請求時，語氣委婉，主要用于疑問句，不能用于肯定句，答語應(yīng)用can（即：could不能用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的簡略答語中）。如：Could I use your dictionary?Yes, you can. (否定回答可用：No, Im afraid not.)Mary _ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. A. mustn't

7、0;      B. shouldn't      C. can't      D. may notKey: C2) can和be able to辨析can(could)和be able to都可以表示能力，意思上沒有區(qū)別。但can只有現(xiàn)在式和過去式，而be able to則有更多的形式。如：Ive always wanted to be able to speak fluent English.Those bags look r

8、eally heavy. Are you sure youll be able to carry them on your own?但是，表示在過去某時的某一場合經(jīng)過一番努力，終于做成了某事，通常不用could，而用was/were able to來表示。這時，was/were able to相當(dāng)于managed to do或succeed in doing。如：After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.The fire was very big, but most people were a

9、ble to escape from the building. 另外，表示“有能力克服困難做成某事”，還可用manage to do或succeed in doing。如： Do you think shell manage to get a visa? The army succeeded in defeating their enemy.1) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone _ get out.  A. had to  B. would   C. could&

10、#160;   D. was able to 2) -Will you stay for lunch?    -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustn't    B. I can't  C. I needn't  D. I won't Keys: 1) D 2)BNO.2 may&might1. 用法1） 表示允許、許可。否定回答一般用must not/mustnt,表示“禁止、阻止”之意，

11、但也可以用had better not (最好別)或may not（不可以），語氣較為委婉。（1）May I come in and wait?（2）May I smoke here?No, you mustnt. (或No, youd better not.)2） 在表示請求、允許時，might比may語氣更委婉些。用May I征詢對方許可在文體上比較正式，在口氣上比較客氣，在日常用語中，用Can I征詢對方意見更為常見。（1）Might I borrow your pen?（2）I wonder if I might speak to your son.3） 表示可能性的推測，通常用在肯定

12、句和否定句中，含有“或許”“大概”“可能”之意；用might代替may時，則語氣顯得更加不肯定。（1）It may rain this afternoon.（2）She might come to join us this afternoon.4） may用于祈使句表示祝愿、但愿（1）May you succeed.（2）Long may he live! 愿他能持續(xù)住下去。（3）May she rest in peace.愿她安息。5） 用于表讓步的狀語從句中（1）Try as he might, he could not get out the difficult.（2）Come what

13、 may, I will never desert you.6） might常用于表示委婉的請求或輕微的責(zé)備。（1）You might post this letter for me if you are going near a post box.（2）You might have let me know before!NO.2 must&have to1. must用法1） 用于第一人稱表示說話人有義務(wù)，有必要做某事；用于第二、三人稱表示命令或要求某人做某事。（1）You must come to school on time.（2）Everybody must obey the

14、law.2） 回答帶有must的問句時，否定回答常用neednt或dont have to，表示“不必”，而不用mustnt（1）Must I come back before ten?Yes, you must.(No, you neednt)3） 表推斷、預(yù)期或人以避免，意為“肯定是、必然會”。（1） It must be my mother.（2）You must be hungry after a walk.4） 表示“偏要、硬要”：用于第二人稱，意指不耐煩或令人不愉快的事；用于其它人稱，表示主語固執(zhí)或不巧，意為“偏偏”（1）If you must smoke, you can go

15、to the smoking section.（2）Why must you buy that car?5） must的否定有如下3種形式，用于不同場合：1)表示“合理的推斷和可能性”時，否定意為“不可能”；2) 表示“義務(wù)和必要”時，否定意為“不必”；3) 表示“禁止和批評”時，否定意為“決不能”。（1）It must be eleven oclock now. It cannot be eleven oclock now.（2）You mustnt park your car here.6） 可作名詞，表示“必須有的東西（做的事）”（1）Warm clothes are a must in

16、 the mountains.（2）Dont miss his latest play; its a must.2.have to用法1）“必須，不得不”，意義與must相近。但must表示的是說話人的主觀看法，而have to則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。（1）The film is not interesting. I really must go now.2）must只有一種形式，即現(xiàn)在式與過去式都是一種形式，而have to則涉及各種人稱、時態(tài)等方面的變化形式。（1）I had to work hard when I was your age.（2）I will have to learn ho

17、w to use a computer.3）兩者的否定意義不同，mustnt表示“禁止，不許”，dont have to表示不必。（1）You mustnt go there.（2）You dont have to go there.NO.3 shall&should1.shall用法 1）用于第一、二、三人稱構(gòu)成的疑問句，表示征求對方意見或請求指示，表示“商量斟酌”（1）Shall I open the window?（2）Shall we say 6 oclock, then?2）用于第二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。（1）Dont worry, yo

18、u shall get the answer this afternoon.(允諾)（2）He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.（警告）（3）You shall do as I say. (命令)（4）If you children dont do as I tell you, you shall not go to the party. (威脅)3）在法律、條約、規(guī)章等文件中，無論主語人稱如何， 一律用shall，表示義務(wù)、規(guī)定、預(yù)言等。（1）House owners shall keep their gardens in a neat a

19、nd ordinary state. (義務(wù))（2）Each citizen shall carry his identification card when traveling. (規(guī)定)（3）Death is certain to all; all shall die. (預(yù)言)2. should用法1）表示勸告或建議或命令，同義詞為“ought to”；表示義務(wù)，意指應(yīng)該做，且有一種道義上的責(zé)任。（1）What should I do?（2）Should I trust him?2）表示推測，用在肯定句中，對現(xiàn)在的情況或可能發(fā)生的事的主觀推測或期待。意為“想必，大概，或許”（1）It s

20、hould be a nice day tomorrow.（2）Try phoning Robert, he should be home now.3）還可以用在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中，表示一件事聽起來可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能，相當(dāng)于“萬一”的意思。從句謂語用should+動詞原形構(gòu)成，主句一定用虛擬語氣（1）Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him. (你萬一見到湯姆，請讓他給我打個電話)（2）Should I be free tomorrow, Ill come. (萬一我明天有時間，我就過來)4）用于疑問句或感嘆句中，表示意外、驚異的情緒，

21、意為“竟會、竟然”；在疑問句中與why，what，how，who連用，表示不合理，難以相信或不應(yīng)該之事；類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有“Im surprised; It worries me; Its a pity; You cant imagine”（1）Why should anyone want to marry Tony?（2）Dont ask me. How should I know?例題1) Your brother seldom comes to see you, _? A. does he   B. doesn't he   C. will he

22、  D. isn't he2) It's a fine day. Let's go fishing, _? A. won't we       B. will we      C. don't we       D. shall weKeys: 1)A 2)DNO.4 will&would1. Will用法1） 用于表示意志、愿望和決心。will指現(xiàn)在，would指過去

23、。（1） He is the man who will go his own way. (他是個自行其是的人。)2） 表示請求、建議等，用would比用will委婉、客氣（2）Will you please take a message for him?3） 表示習(xí)慣或傾向，意為“總是，慣于”多用于第三人稱。will至現(xiàn)在，would指過去。（1） Fish will die without water.（2）People will talk. (人們總會說閑話。)4） 表示推測，意為“很可能，大概”。will表示推測比should把握大，比must把握小。（1）These things wi

24、ll happen. （2）That will be the messenger ringing.5）表示自然規(guī)律（指現(xiàn)在，有時可用現(xiàn)在時）。（1）Oil and water will not mix.6）用于對一個令人厭煩的壞習(xí)慣或?qū)o生命物體進(jìn)行批評（若僅陳述事實(shí)，不含厭煩情緒時，也可用現(xiàn)在時）。（1）Whatever I do, my car wont start first time on cold mornings.7）用在if條件句中：1）表示意志，意為“insist on”；2) 表示有禮貌的請求或勸阻，意為“be willing to”；3) 表示對將來行為的預(yù)示。 （1）If

25、 you will go out / insist on going out without a coat, you will catch a cold.（2）If you will make another try, I shall do everything to help you.（3）If the water will rise above this level, then we must warn everybody in the neighbourhood.8）用于否定句中，意為“不肯”、“不樂意”，表示“堅(jiān)決地拒絕”（1）I wont listen to your nonsens

26、e.（2）No matter what I said, he wouldnt listen to me.2. would用法1）可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。比used to 正式，且沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習(xí)慣”的含義，常與every day, often, frequently 等連用。（1）During the vocation he would visit me every week.（2）In those days the old man would get up very early in the morning and go for a walk in the fields.例題1)

27、 Don't smoke in the meeting room, _ you?  A. do you B. will you    C. can you  D. could you2) - It's my birthday tomorrow. Don't forget to come to my party.- _ . A. I don't        B. I won't     

28、   C. I can't       D. I haven'tKeys: 1)B 2)B注意：would與used to辨析would可用來表示過去反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動作，但不能表示過去存在的狀態(tài)，所以我們不能說：“she would be a quiet girl.”另外，would強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某種特定情況下的活動，是完全過去的事情，同現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。而used to則著眼于過去和現(xiàn)在的對比，隱含現(xiàn)在已不存在，動作或狀態(tài)都可表示。Would可以表示不規(guī)則的習(xí)慣，used to則不可。如： He used to

29、 be a naughty boy and cause trouble. I used to get up at six in the morning. Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods. In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help.NO.5 need&dare1. Need用法1） 用于表示“需要，必要”之意。做情態(tài)動詞時，僅用于否定句和疑問句，只有現(xiàn)在時，過去式要用needn't have

30、，疑問式用need+人稱?,否定式用need not(即needn't）（1）You needn't have hurried.(=It was not necessary for you to hurry，but you did).2） 做實(shí)義動詞時，其變化與一般的實(shí)義動詞相同，后接帶to的不定式（need doing = need to be done ）,過去式用needed、did you need?和didn't need,肯定式用needs/needed/need, 疑問式用do、does、did提問，否定式要在前面加don't、doesn'

31、t、didn't（1）A job like nursing needs patience and understanding.(need+名詞, need understanding=need to be understood,需要被理解)2. dare用法1）用于表示“敢于”之意。做情態(tài)動詞，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，主要用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句中（1）He darent admit this.2）用作實(shí)義動詞時，其變化與一般的實(shí)義動詞相同。在肯定句中，dare后接帶to的不定式；否定句中，dare后既可接帶to的不定式，也可接不帶to的不定式。（1）Only a few jour

32、nalists dared to cover the story.（2）He doesnt dare (to) go there alone.例題1) I don't know whether he _ try.A. dare  B. needs   C. wants   D. is allowed2) -Shall I tell John about it?   - No, you _. I've told him already.A. needn't   &

33、#160; B. wouldn't      C. mustn't      D. shouldn't3) It's a fine day. You _ take a raincoat with you. A. can't        B. mustn't        C. needn't 

34、;      D. may notKeys: 1)A 2)A 3)C注意didnt need to do, 意為“不必做某事”，如： We didnt need to take warm sweaters, as the weather was so good.neednt have done，意為“本不必做但實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做了”，如： We neednt have taken warm sweaters. We could have used the space in our luggage for more books!NO.6 ought t

35、o1）表示“應(yīng)該”之意（1）Ought I go now? Yes, you ought to. /No, you oughtnt to.2）表示推測。注意與must表示推測是的區(qū)別（1）He must be home by now. (斷定他已到家)（2）He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定)（3）This is where the oil must be. (比較直率)（4）This is where the oil ought to be. (比較含蓄)注意should與ought to 表示“應(yīng)該”時的區(qū)別should 表示自己的主觀看法，而ought

36、to的語氣中，含有“按道理應(yīng)該”之意。若要反映客觀情況或涉及法律義務(wù)和規(guī)定，一般用ought to。如： You should help them with their work. You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good education.專題精講1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.”    A. shall 

37、0;           B. will C. would             D. can【參考答案】A【思路解析】shall 用作情態(tài)動詞主要有以下兩個用法：1） 用于疑問句中征求意見。如：    Shall I help you？ 要不要我?guī)蛶湍悖?#160;   Shall I open the window？ 要我

38、把窗子打開嗎？2） 用于陳述句中表示允諾、告誡、警告、威脅、命令、規(guī)定、必然性等（可用于各類人稱）。如：    You shall suffer for this. 你會為此事吃苦頭的。（表威脅）    Each competitor shall wear a number. 每個參賽者要戴一個號碼。（表規(guī)定）    You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一來就可聽到所有情況了。（表允諾）2. You _ pay too much attentio

39、n to your reading skill, as it is so important.    A. cannot             B. shouldnt C. mustnt           D. neednt【參考答案】A【思路解析】 cannottoo是英語中一個十分有用的表達(dá)，意為“不可能太，無論怎樣也不算過分，越越”。如：

40、    You cant be too careful. 你越仔細(xì)越好。    You cant praise the book too much. 這本書值得大加贊揚(yáng)。    We cannot work too much for the people. 我們?yōu)槿嗣褡龉ぷ魇遣豢赡茏鲞^頭的。    A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人買的衣服再多也不算多。 注意：有時也可用 can never, impossible 等與

41、too連用來表示類似意思。如：It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那兒越早越好。 3. “Is John coming by train?” “He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.”    A. must               B. can C. need     

42、;          D. may【參考答案】D【思路解析】may 表推測，may not 意為“可能不（會坐火車來）”。句中的 He should 為 He shouldcome by train 之省略，由于其后出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞 but，說明語意有變化，再結(jié)合下文的 He likes driving his car，便可決定此題選D.注意，不能選B，因?yàn)閏an表示推測時通常不用肯定陳述句。4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.”

43、 “It _ true because there was little snow there.”     A. may not be        B. wont be C. couldnt be      D. mustnt be【參考答案】C【思路解析】此題最佳答案為C，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 這一語境所決定，既然“沒下什么雪”，那么“滑雪”就應(yīng)是“不可能”，所以選 couldn

44、t be，即選C.5. You _ be right, but I dont think you are.    A. can      B. could       C. must       D. should【參考答案】B【思路解析】從語境上看，C、D不宜選，在剩下的A和B中，許多同學(xué)想當(dāng)然地選了A，認(rèn)為整個句子為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，所以選can，而不選過去式 could，但是最佳答案卻是B而不是A.

45、按照英語語法，情態(tài)動詞can 用于推測表示可能性時，通常只用于否定句或疑問句中，而不用于肯定句中；但 could 用于表推測時，卻不僅可用于否定句和疑問句，也可用于肯定句，且此時的 could 并不是 can 的過去式，與 can 也沒有時間上的差別，只是 could 比 can語氣更委婉，所以答案選B.注意：can 在以下特殊情況下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即從理論上或邏輯上分析是可能的，但是實(shí)際上未必會發(fā)生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能會犯錯誤。 二是后接“be（get, seem, become）形容詞”，表示“有時會”、“時常會”等

46、。如：My father can be very unreasonable. 我父親有時候很不講道理。專題過關(guān)1. If they _ to do this work, he might do it some other way.A. wereB. shouldC. willD. can2. I was told yesterday that the company _ me to Rome next week for a business conference.A. should have sentB. were going to sendC. should be sendingD. sho

47、uld send3. Lets take a walk, _? A. will we B. don't we C. do we D. shall we4. He was a good swimmer so he _ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.A. could B. might C. should D. was able to5. I went to the doctor's yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he _ see me.A. can B. may

48、 C. might D. could6. - _ this book be yours?- No, it _ not be mine. It _ be his.A. Can, must, mayB. May, might, mustC. Can, may, must D. Must, can, may7. - "We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday.” - “He _ it.”A. mustn't attend B. can't have attended C. would have not attended D

49、. needed have attended8. They _ the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.A. can have missed B. may have missedC. can have lost D. may have lost9. Since the ground is white, it _ last night.A. had snowed B. must have snowedC. must be snowing D. must have been snowing

50、10. You must be fifty, _?A. mustn't you B. needn't you C. aren't you D. mayn't you11. You must have seen him off yesterday, _?A. haven't you B. didn't you C. mustn't you D. needn't you12. - That must be a mistake.- No .it _ be.A. can't B. isn't able to C. can

51、D. was able to13. He had known the matter before you told him, so you _ have told it to him.A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. shouldn't14. How _ so?A. dare you to say B. dare you say C. do you dare say D. dare to say15. You are their teacher. You _ care of them.A. should to take B. m

52、ight to take C. ought to take D. need to take16. She is studying medical science now but she _ a lawyer.A. used to be B. would be C. were D. had been17. If you were in an English-speaking country, you, too, _ English every day.A. will be used to speak B. will be used to speakingC. must be used to sp

53、eak D. would be used to speaking18. I did not call to make my airline reservation (預(yù)訂) but I _.A. should have B. may have C. must have D. shall have19. She _ get up at six every day when she was in college.A. would B. will C. might D. should20. Don't you remember that we _ to the cinema tonight?

54、A. would go B. go C. are going D. will be gone【參考答案】 15 ABDDD 610 CBBBC 1115 BACBC 1620 ADAAC NO.7 情態(tài)動詞+have done1. must have done1) 表示主觀上對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)行推測，意為“想必，準(zhǔn)是，一定做了某事”; （1）She must have gone through a lot.2)其否定式為“cant / couldnt have done”，意為“決不可能”，指“對過去行為有把握的否定。（2）They cant have gone out, because

55、the light is on.2. may/might have done1）表示對過去已發(fā)生行為的推測，意為“很有可能”；（1）They might have seen the film before.2）常用于虛擬語氣中；（1）If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.3）“might have done”用于提出批評，表示責(zé)備或忠告等，還可表示“將來某時或許已經(jīng)完成”，這時，句中常有將來時間狀語，或句子描述的是將來某個時候會發(fā)生的事。用might則表示語氣更加不肯定。（1）You might have t

56、old me about the party!（2） Call me next Tuesday; I might have finished the project by then.3. canhave done cannot have done1) could have done 用于對過去可能性的推斷，意為“可能”，在肯定句中，指“某事可能是事實(shí)或可能會發(fā)生”；用于疑問句或否定句，表示對過去情況的懷疑、否定或驚訝；（1）John could have posted the letter. (對是否已將信發(fā)出無把握)2） could have done 意為“本來可以；差點(diǎn)就要”，指“某事可

57、能發(fā)生但實(shí)際上未發(fā)生”常用于虛擬語氣，表示惋惜、遺憾等；（2）You could have done better, but you didnt try you best.3） can have done 僅用于否定和疑問句，表示從現(xiàn)在眼光看過去發(fā)生的事情，但“could + have done”既可表示從現(xiàn)在的眼光看還可表示從過去的某個時間點(diǎn)看之前發(fā)生的事情。（3）She cant have fixed the computer, its still not working properly.4. might have done表示“本來可能，但實(shí)際上沒有發(fā)生的事情”。另外，還可以表示“本來

58、應(yīng)該或可以做某事”之意，含有輕微的責(zé)備語氣。（1）You should not swim in that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark.（2）He might have given him more help, though he was busy.5. should/ought to have done1) 用于肯定句時，表示本該做某事，而實(shí)際上未做；用于否定句時，則表示不該做的事反而做了; （1）He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thi

59、ng.2) 用于對過去的推斷，說話人認(rèn)為“按理應(yīng)當(dāng)、理應(yīng)如此”，說話人不能肯定，只是試探性地得出結(jié)論，語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)；（1）You shouldnt have done it so carelessly3) 對已發(fā)生的事表示“驚奇、失望、憤怒”等情緒。（1）Its strange that he should have left without telling us.6. neednt have done表示做了本來不必去做的事。注意：didnt need to do表示“沒必要做而實(shí)際上也沒有做某事”（1）You neednt have watered the plants, for it is going to rain.（2） I didnt need to buy the dictionary. I had a copy at home.7. will/would have done用于推測過去，意為“想必、可以肯定”，指“說話人確信某事已發(fā)生，但并不確知”，并用于二、三人稱：1） 如果以現(xiàn)在為時間點(diǎn)，可以用“will have done”；（1）We sent the invitati