(完整word版)高中名詞性從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總,推薦文檔

1、名詞性從句名詞性從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總在句中起名詞作用從句叫做名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞短語(yǔ)，在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞性從句分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句 和同位語(yǔ)從句。名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞可分為3類(lèi)：從屬連詞：只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)從句中的任何成分。包括： that,whether,if,as if,as though連接代詞：既起連接作用，本身又作從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。包括：who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whatever,whichever,whomever.連接副詞：既起連接作用，本身又作

2、從句的狀語(yǔ)。包括：when, where,how,whys 一、主語(yǔ)從句 可以直接放在句首，也可以用形式主語(yǔ)it代替，將主語(yǔ)從句放在句末。l.that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)只起連接作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，也不在從句中作任何成分，但不能省略。That the earth moves around the sun is known to all.2 .whether,if引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句whether ：引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句既可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，只起連接作用，不作成分 if：引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句只能放在句末，前面用 it作形式主語(yǔ)。whether you can succeed or not de

3、pends on how hard you work at it. It is unknown whether/if he has agreed to my plan.3 .連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句連接代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。連接副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。What they need are a car and some water.Why they suddenly disappointed still remains a mystery.4.1 t作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句1 ) It+be+adj./n./ 過(guò)去分詞 +that 從句It has been predicted t

4、hat mobile phones might soon replace our wallets.2 ) It+seem(ed)/happen(ed)等不及物動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ) +that從句 It seemed that each of them was satisfied with the results.3 ) It doesn ' t matter+how/whetherIt doesn ' t matter whether he will join the club or not.4 ) that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在疑問(wèn)句中，用 it作形式主語(yǔ)，把主語(yǔ)從句后置 Is it li

5、kely that your friend will come this evening?5)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時(shí)，要以 it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句后置 What a pity it is that you missed a wonderful football match!二、賓語(yǔ)從句5 .動(dòng)詞接賓語(yǔ)從句1)賓語(yǔ)從句緊跟在及物動(dòng)詞后：She wondered who had sent the flowers.2)常用 it 作形式賓語(yǔ)： He had made it clear that the meeting not be postponed.( 有賓補(bǔ)的情況下)6 .介詞接賓語(yǔ)從

6、句1)介詞后面可以跟 whether和wh-類(lèi)連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句He only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information.2)介詞except,but,besides,in后有時(shí)可以直接接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。除這些之外，that引導(dǎo)的從句一般不直接作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。其他介詞后接that從句作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。I didn ' t tell him anything except that I needed the money.You may depend on it that I shoul

7、d always help you.7 .系表結(jié)構(gòu)接賓語(yǔ)從句Sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry 等表示情感的形容詞與be 起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),其后的從句也可視為賓語(yǔ)從句。I ' m confident that you will get the job.I ' m glad that you can come here on time.8 .只用whether不用if的情況1）在介詞后弓 I 導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句：Everything depend on whether you agree with

8、 us.2）賓語(yǔ)從句置于句首：Whether they like the presents, we don' t know.3）與 or not 連用時(shí)：I want to know whether or not the train goes to King street.4）與不定式連用時(shí) :I can ' t decided whether to stay.5）在動(dòng)詞 discuss, wonder, doubt, leave, put 后引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句 :We discussed whether we should close the shop.9 .賓語(yǔ)從句中不能省略th

9、at的情況1）賓語(yǔ)從句前有插入語(yǔ)：We hope,on the contrary,that he will stay at home with us.2）賓語(yǔ)從句緊跟在間接賓語(yǔ)之后時(shí)，或主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)置于賓語(yǔ)從句之前時(shí)He told me that he was leaving for Australia.I realized at once that I hadn' t turn off the gas.3）當(dāng)it作形式賓語(yǔ)，后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)I don ' t think it polite that they left without saying thanks to

10、 us.4）that引導(dǎo)的從句位于句首That our team will win,I believe.5）賓語(yǔ)從句在except,but,besides,in等介詞之后He also likes playing the piano besides that he is good at playing basketball.6）that引導(dǎo)的從句與其他引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的從句作并列賓語(yǔ)I know where we will go and that we' ll be back in three days.7）多個(gè)并列的that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，只有第一個(gè)that可以省略8）賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是非謂

11、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或從句The doctor said that taking exercise was the best way of losing weight.9）賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是this,that或有this,that修飾時(shí)She told me that that was why she was late.10）賓語(yǔ)從句為主從復(fù)合句，從句位于賓語(yǔ)從句的前部I promised that if anyone came to set me free,I would make him king over the earth.三、表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句位于主句的連系動(dòng)詞be,seem,look,sound,t

12、aste,feel,remain,appear 等之后。1 .that,whether引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句只起連接作用，不作成分，that無(wú)詞義，不能省略。 Whether意為是否，不能換成if。One problem is that I don ' t look any different from other people.2 .as if,as though, because1）as if,as though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。常跟在特定動(dòng)詞后面，如 seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel 等。You look as if you

13、' ve had a good time.He looks as if he were from the Mars.2）because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主句的主語(yǔ)不能用 reason。如果主句的主語(yǔ)是 reason,表語(yǔ)從句用that,不能 用 why 或 because。常見(jiàn)句型為 The reason（why）is that.3）wh-類(lèi)連接詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，通常不含有意義，而是分別表示具體地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因和方式等。This is why I think my happiest days will be in the future.4）表語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況：主句的主語(yǔ)是advic

14、e, demand, order, suggestion, requirement, request,command等時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，結(jié)構(gòu)是（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。His suggestion is that we （should） set off at once.四、同位語(yǔ)從句往往用來(lái)說(shuō)明某些名詞的實(shí)際內(nèi)容或?qū)υ撁~作進(jìn)一步解釋。這類(lèi)名詞常見(jiàn)的有：fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish,suggestion,conclusion 等。1 .that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句：通常從句意義完整，that無(wú)詞義，只起連接作用，不可省略

15、。I ' ve got a feeling that one day he' ll be famous.2 .whether, when, where, why, how 等引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。whether意為是否，在句子中不作成分，其他的連接詞具有實(shí)義，并在句中作成分。If不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。The student asked me the question whether the book was worth reading.I have no idea when we will have a long holiday.3 .被分隔的同位語(yǔ)從句：主句的謂語(yǔ)比較短時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)從句

16、常被分隔，形成：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+同位語(yǔ)從句The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed.4 .同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是advice,proposal,suggestion等時(shí)，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。The suggestion came from the chairman that the rule （should） be adopted.5 .同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1）修飾詞：同位語(yǔ)從句前被修飾詞只能是idea, fact, news, hope等有一

17、定內(nèi)涵的名詞。定語(yǔ)從句前被修飾詞可以是名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或整個(gè)主句。2）性質(zhì)：同位語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，對(duì)前面的抽象名詞進(jìn)行說(shuō)明和解釋定語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行修飾或限制。3）連接詞：有些連接詞how,whether,what可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；而 which能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，卻不能單獨(dú)使用引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。例如：The question whether we need it has not been considered.This is a simple idea,but one which is hard to put into practice.4）成分：t

18、hat在同位語(yǔ)從句中僅起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分，不能省略，也不能用which來(lái)代替。that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中一般作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，指物時(shí)可以用which來(lái)代替，作賓語(yǔ)常被省略。But they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 km from coast to coast.The news that he told us just now is unbelievable.五、連接詞what與that的區(qū)別1 .引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，what在從句中要充當(dāng)句子成分，意為“的事物 /地方/人"；that不作任何成分，只起連接作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義。Wh

19、at the post says is interesting.I heard that he joined the army.2 .當(dāng)名詞性從句已有疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)，不可再加thatI don ' t understand what you said just now.六、 wh-ever 與 no matter wh -的區(qū)另Uwh-既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，又可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；而 no matter wh -只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。He wouldn ' t believe whatever I said.Whatever I said,he wouldn ' t be

20、lieve me.七、連接詞 whether和if的區(qū)別1 .在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一般用 whether不用if。2 .在主語(yǔ)從句中用it作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)，whether和if都可以用，但在句首時(shí)只能用whether。Whether they will have a picnic tomorrow isn' t know.It isn ' t certain whether/if you' ll attend the meeting.八、doubt,be sureI doubt whether/if. doubt 用于肯定句，用 whether/ifTh

21、ere ' s no doubt that. doubt 用于否定句，用 thatI' m sure that. sure 用于肯定句，用 thatI' m not sure whether/if. sure 用于否定句，用 whether/if課堂練習(xí)一、在下列句子空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~：1.Grandma pointed to the hospital and said," That' s I was born.2.Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday

22、?Yeah,but I have no idea he did it;that' s one of his favorite university.3 .the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.4 .From space,the earth looks blue.This is about seventy -one percent of its surface is covered by water.5 .Do not let any failure discourage you,for you can

23、never tell close you may be to victory.6.I made a promise to myself this year,my first year in high school,would be different.7.Scientists study human brains work to make computers.8.I ' m afraid he ' s more of a talker than a doer,which is he never finishes anything.9.worries me a lot is th

24、at I keep forgetting what I have just done.1.1 I really don ' t know it was that I put my wallet.二、單句改錯(cuò)1.50 if they said was true,I would have a chance of winning the prize.2 .Word came that free souvenirs would be given to anyone whoever come first.3 .The reason why he was late is because he wasn' t informed of the change of time.4 .The news our team won the match was encouraging.1.1 can never understand how Mary said nothing about her wrongs.1.2 have been admitted t