九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)全冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)大總結(jié)(人教版)

1、九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)全冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)（人教版）Unitl How can we become good learners?【考點(diǎn)詳解】1. by + doing 通過(guò)方式（by是介詞，后面要跟動(dòng)名詞，也就是動(dòng)詞的 ing形式）2. talk about 談?wù)摚h論,討論The students often talk about movie after class.學(xué)生們常常在課后討論電影。talk to sb= talk with sb 與某人說(shuō)話3. 提建議的句子：What/ how about +doing sth.?做怎么樣？ （ about 后面要用動(dòng)詞的ing形式，這一點(diǎn)考試考的比較多）如： W

2、hat/ How about going shopping?Why don't you + do sth.?你為什么不做一？如： Why don't you go shopping?Why not + do sth. ?為什么不做一？如： Why not go shopping?Let's + do sth.讓我們做 吧。如： Let's go shopping Shall we/I + do sth.?我們/我. 好嗎？如： Shall we/I go shopping?4. a lot 許多，常用于句末。如:I eat a lot.我吃了許多5. too t

3、o.太而不能常用的句型： too+ 形容詞 /副詞 + to do sth.如： I'm too tired to say anything.我太累了，什么都不想說(shuō)。6. aloud, loud 與 loudly 的用法，三個(gè)詞都與“大聲”或“響亮”有關(guān)。 aloud 是副詞，通常放在動(dòng)詞之后。 loud 可作形容詞或副詞。用作副詞時(shí)，常與speak, talk, laugh 等動(dòng)詞連用，多用于比較級(jí)，須放在動(dòng)詞之后。如： She told us to speak a little louder.她讓我們說(shuō)大聲一點(diǎn)。 loudly 是副詞， 與 loud 同義， 有時(shí)兩者可替換使用，可

4、位于動(dòng)詞之前或之后。如： He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public.他不當(dāng)眾大聲談笑。7. not at alL點(diǎn)也不，根本不如： I like milk very much, but I don't like coffee at all.我非常喜歡牛奶，但是我一點(diǎn)也不喜歡咖啡。not 經(jīng)?？梢院椭鷦?dòng)詞結(jié)合在一起， at all 則放在句尾。8. be/get excited about sth.對(duì) 感到興奮9. end up doing sth 終止做某事，結(jié)束做某事如： The party ended up singing.

5、 晚會(huì)以唱歌而結(jié)束。end up with sth.以結(jié)束（注意介詞with ）如： The party ended up with her singing. 晚會(huì)以她的歌唱而告終。10. first of all 首先（這個(gè)短語(yǔ)可用在作文中，使得文章有層次）11. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中間either 也（用于否定句）常在句末too 也 （用于肯定句）常在句末（它們?nèi)齻€(gè)的區(qū)分要清楚，尤其要知道用在什么句子中以及各自的位置）12. make mistakes 犯錯(cuò)如：I often make mistakes.我經(jīng)常犯錯(cuò)。make a mistake犯一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤如：I ha

6、ve made a mistake.我已經(jīng)犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。13. laugh at sb.笑話；取笑（某人）（常見短語(yǔ)）如： Don't laugh at me! 不要取笑我！14. take notes 做筆記，做記錄15. enjoy doing sth .喜歡做，樂(lè)意做（這是一個(gè)非常重要的考點(diǎn)）如： She enjoys playing football. 她喜歡踢足球。enjoy oneself 過(guò)得愉快如： He enjoyed himself. 他過(guò)得愉快。16. native speaker 說(shuō)本族語(yǔ)的人17. make up 組成、構(gòu)成18. one of +（the+形

7、容詞最高級(jí)）+名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式:其中之一（這一題主要考兩點(diǎn)，一是最高級(jí)，一是名詞復(fù)數(shù)，大家做題的時(shí)候要小心）如： She is one of the most popular teachers.她是最受歡迎的教師之一。19. It's + 形容詞+ （for sb. ） to do sth（對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō)）做某事如： It's difficult （ for me ） to study English. 對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)太難了。句中的 it 是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是to study English 。20. practice doing練習(xí)做某事 （ practice 后面接動(dòng)名詞

8、，這一點(diǎn)有可能考到）如： She often practice speaking English.她經(jīng)常練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。21. decide to do sth. 決定做某事（重要考點(diǎn)，大家需要記住decide 后面跟的是不定式，也就是to do ）如： LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing .李雷已經(jīng)決定去北京。22. unless 如果不，除非，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句如： You will fail unless you work hard.假如你不努力你就會(huì)失敗。23. deal with 處理 如： I dealt with a lot of problem.24

9、. worry about sb./ sth. 擔(dān)心某人 /某事如： Mother worried about his son just now.媽媽剛才擔(dān)心他的兒子。25. be angry with sb.對(duì)某人生氣26. perhaps = maybe也許27. go by （時(shí)間） 過(guò)去 . 如： Two years went by. 兩年過(guò)去了。28. see sb / sth doing 看見某人正在做某事（如果是看到正在做什么，要用動(dòng)詞 ing 形式，考的較多的也是動(dòng)詞 ing 形式）如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroo

10、m.她看見他正在教室里畫畫。29. each other 彼此30. regard as ;把.看作為如： The boys regarded Anna as a fool.這些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。31. too many 許多，修飾可數(shù)名詞 如： too many girlstoo much 許多，修飾不可數(shù)名詞 如： too much milk （要區(qū)分 too many 和too much 只要記住它們修飾什么詞就可以了）much too 太， 修飾形容詞 如： much too beautiful （ too much 和 much too 意思不同，大家不要混淆它們的意思，這種單詞容

11、易出解析題）32. change into將變?yōu)?3. with the help of sb. = with one's help在某人的幫助下（注意介詞of 和with ，容易出題）如： with the help of LiLei = with LiLei's help在李雷的幫助下34. compare to把比作（另外，大家要注意另一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，comparewith.這也是一個(gè)重要的短語(yǔ)，意思是：拿和比較）35. instead 代替 用在句末，副詞instead of sth/doing sth 代替，而不是 （這個(gè)地方考的較多的就是instead ofdoing s

12、th ，也是就說(shuō)如果of 后面跟動(dòng)詞，要用動(dòng)名詞形式，也就是動(dòng)詞的 ing形式）如： I will go instead of you. 我將代替你去。Unit2 I think that moon cakes are delicious!一.短語(yǔ)歸納l.put on 增加（體重）發(fā)胖 2.care about 關(guān)心 在乎3.end up 最終成為，最后處于 4.not only but also 不 但而且 5.shoot down 射下 6.used to do 過(guò)去常常做7.remind sb. of使某人想起8.give out 分發(fā) 發(fā)放9.the water festival 潑水

13、節(jié) 10.the Chinese spring festival中國(guó)春節(jié)11.next year 明年 12.sound like聽起來(lái)像13.each other 互相 彼此 14.in the shape of以的形狀15.on mid-autumn night在中秋之夜 16.fly up to飛向 717.lay out 擺開 布置 e back 回來(lái)19.as a result 結(jié)果 因止匕 20.mother 's day 母親節(jié)21 .more and more popular越來(lái)越受歡迎22.think of 想起 認(rèn)為 思考23 .dress up 裝扮 穿上盛裝 2

14、4.the importance of 的重要性25 .make money 掙錢 26.in need需要幫助 處于困境中27 .between and在和之間 28.the dragon boat festival 龍舟節(jié)29 .the lantern festival 元宵節(jié) 30.like best 最喜歡31 .go to for a vacation 去度假 32.be similar to 與相似33 .wash away 沖走 洗掉 34.mid-autumn festival 中秋節(jié)34 .shoot down 射下 36.call out大聲呼喊37.the traditi

15、on of的傳統(tǒng)38.at night 在夜里在晚上39.one,the other一個(gè),另一個(gè)一40.Father 's day 父親節(jié)41 .have to 必須 不得不 42.play a trick on sb捉弄某人43 .the spirit of 的精神 44.care about 關(guān)心45 .wake up 醒來(lái) 46.the beginning of 的開始二.用法集萃1.感嘆句式一：What+ ( a/an ) +adj+ 名詞(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他)！ 多么的 感嘆句式二： How +adj/adv+ 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他！ 多么！2.in+時(shí)間段在后3.give sb

16、. sth.給某人某物 4.plan to do sth計(jì)劃做某事5.refuse to do sth拒絕做某事 6.one of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式之一7.it +is+ 名詞+動(dòng)詞不定式(to do sth )做某事是8.what -think of？認(rèn)為怎么樣？9.make sb do sth讓某人做某事10.used to be 過(guò)去是11.warn sb ( not ) to do sth 告誡某人做某事12.tell sb ( not ) to do sth 告訴某人做某事13.decide to do sth 決定 做某事 14.promise to do sth 承諾、答應(yīng)做某事

17、三.語(yǔ)法全解1 .賓語(yǔ)從句一.連詞a.陳述語(yǔ)序(that) b. 一般疑問(wèn)句(if或whether) c.特殊疑問(wèn)句(5w,1h)二.陳述語(yǔ)序 三.時(shí)態(tài) 可跟 that 從旬做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞： say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine,wonder, know, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order,command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request,require, propose, d

18、eclare, report 等例：I don ' t know what they are looking for. Could you tell me when thetrain will leave? 注意： 當(dāng)主句i胃語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, believe, suppose, expect 等詞，而賓語(yǔ)從句的意思是否定時(shí)，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。例：I don 't think it is right for him to treat you like that.注意：由whether,if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句由whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，實(shí)際上是一般疑問(wèn)句演變而來(lái)的

19、，意思是一是否II o例：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.注意：當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀真理或者事實(shí)時(shí)，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句 也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例： The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.2 .感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)(P56)How+adj. /adv. + 主 + 謂！What (a/an)+ 名 + 主 + 謂！例： What an interesting story it is!How tall Yao Ming is!Unit3 Could you pl

20、ease tell mewhere the restrooms are?【考點(diǎn)詳解】1. 問(wèn)路常用的句子：Do you know where is ？Can you tell me how can I get to？Could you tell me how to get to？ Can/Could/Will/Would you please tell me sth.表示十分客氣地詢問(wèn)事情 Could you tell me how to get to the park?請(qǐng)你告訴我怎么才能去郵局好嗎？上面句子中的 how to get to the park 是疑問(wèn)詞與動(dòng)詞不定式連用，用作賓語(yǔ)

21、，但不是賓語(yǔ)從句（這一點(diǎn)要搞清楚，它不是賓語(yǔ)從句），相當(dāng)于 how I can get tothe park （賓語(yǔ)從句）I don't know how to solve the problem=I don't know how I can solve theproblem. 我不知道如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題Can you tell me when to leave? =Can you tell me when I will leave?你能告訴我什么時(shí)候離開？2. 日常交際用語(yǔ)：take the elevator / escalator to the乘電梯 floor 動(dòng)扶梯到樓t

22、urn left / right = take a left / right 向左 / 右轉(zhuǎn)go straight 向前直走（ straight 這個(gè)詞經(jīng)?？迹?. next to 旁邊、緊接著（常見短語(yǔ)）Lily is next to Ann.莉莉就在安的旁邊。4. between and 在和之間Lily is between Ann and Tom. 莉莉就在安和湯姆的之間。5. Is that a good place to hang out?那是不是一個(gè)閑蕩的好地方？上面句子中的 to hang out 修飾前面的名詞place ，是不定式作定語(yǔ)。6. expensive 貴的 反義

23、詞： inexpensive 不貴的7. crowded擁擠的反義詞： uncrowded不擁擠的8. take a vacation = go on a vacation去度假9. dress up打扮dress up as 打扮成He wanted to dress up as Father Christmas.他想要打扮成圣誕老人。10. on the beach 在海灘上，介詞用 on11. depend on 根據(jù)、依靠、依賴、取決于Living things depend on the sunlight. 生物對(duì)陽(yáng)光有依賴性。That depends on how you did

24、it.那取決于你怎樣做這件事。12. prefer動(dòng)詞，更喜歡、寧愿，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有：prefer sth.更喜歡某事I prefer English. 我更喜歡英語(yǔ)。prefer doing/to do 寧愿做某事我寧愿坐著。I prefer sitting/ to sit.prefer sth to sth.同相 比更喜歡I prefer dogs to cats. 與貓相比我更喜歡狗。prefer doing sth to doing sth 寧愿做某事而不愿做某事I prefer walking to sitting. 我寧愿走路也不愿坐著。prefer to do sth rather

25、 than do sth 寧愿做某事而不愿做某事I prefer to work rather than be free.我寧愿工作而不愿閑著。（我再次強(qiáng)調(diào)一下， prefer 的用法真的很重要，這不是開玩笑 ）13. on the other hand 另一方面（一方面： on one hand. 對(duì)于這樣的短語(yǔ)大家完全可以放在作文中，這樣可以使文章增色不少）14. 把借給某人：lend sb. sth. = lend sth to sb. （反義詞： borrow.from.Lily lent me her book = Lily lent her book to me .莉莉把她的書借給

26、了我。15. I'm sorry to do sth. 對(duì)做某事我覺(jué)得很抱歉、傷心。16. in a way 在某種程度說(shuō)17. in order to do srh 為了 ， 表 目的。He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他起早床，是為了趕上頭班公共汽車。18. 同級(jí)比較： asas.as +形容詞/副詞原級(jí) + as ,表示“和一樣的”He works as hard as we. 他工作和我們同樣努力。賓語(yǔ)從句（見 Unit2 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法部分）Unit4 I used to be afraid of the dark.短語(yǔ)

27、歸納I.used to do過(guò)去常常做2.deal with 對(duì)付 應(yīng)付3.be proud of 為驕傲，感到自豪 4.take pride in 為感到自豪5.from time to time 時(shí)常，有時(shí) 6.in public 公開地7.in person 親身，親自 8.take up sth開始做，接受，占用9.not anymore 不再 10.worry about 為擔(dān)憂11.hang out 閑逛 12.think about 考慮13.be alone 獨(dú)處 14.on the soccer team 在足球隊(duì)15.no longer 不再 16.make a decis

28、ion 做決 定17.to one 's surprise令某人吃驚的是18.even though 盡管在過(guò)去的幾年19.pay attention to 對(duì)注意，留心 20.in the last few years21.be afraid of 害怕 22.turn red 變紅23.tons of attention很多關(guān)注 24 . be careful 當(dāng)心31.take care of二.用法集萃1.used to do sth3.have to do sth照顧 32.one of ,之一25.give up 放棄 26.a very small number of極少

29、數(shù)的27.give a speech 作演講 28.all the time 一直 總是29.be interested in 對(duì)感興趣 30.change one ' s life 改變某人的生活過(guò)去常常做某2.be afraid of doing sth害怕做某事必須做某事4.make sb do sth讓某人做某事5.give up doing sth放棄做什么 6.try to do sth 盡力做某事 7.adj+ enough to do sth足夠而能夠做某事8.be prepared to do sth 準(zhǔn)備做某事9.see sb doing sth 看見某人在做某事

30、10.begin to so sth 開始做某事llrequire sb to do sth要求某人做某事12.decide to do 決定做某事13.make a decision to do sth決定做某事14.It 's hard to believe that很難相信 15.It +has+been +一段時(shí)間+ since+ 從句 自從以來(lái)已經(jīng)有很多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了16.dare to do sth敢于做某事17.It ' s adj+ for sb+ to do sth 對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某18.take up doing sth開始做某事三.語(yǔ)法全解1） 辨析：used t

31、o do sth. 過(guò)去常常做一get/be used to sth./doing sth.習(xí)慣于be used to do被用于做（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）be used by 由（被）使用（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）be used as 被當(dāng)做使用（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）be used for doing被用于做（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）例:I used to go to work by bus. Now I take a taxi.He used to be a problem boy.She used to be very shy.I ' m used to drinking a cup of water after meal.He

32、 ' s been used to living in the dormitory.A hammer is used to drive nails.This machine is used to clean the floor.The girl is being used as a servant in the house.A knife can be used for cutting bread.2） afford（支付得起）的用法afford sth 買得起 afford to do sth有足夠的一去做例： His mother couldn ' t afford to

33、pay for her child' s education.They did not consider whether they could afford the time or not.We can ' t afford to pay such a price.3） take pride in sth/ sb = be proud of sth/ sb為感至 U 自豪例： He was watching me and take pride in everything good I do.I take pride in my child. =I ' m proud o

34、f my child.注：He take pride in everything good I do.這是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。省略了關(guān)系代詞that。先行詞為不定代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用 that。4） the+序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)+N第幾（大/長(zhǎng)/高）One of the/形容詞性物主代詞 +Ns 謂語(yǔ)用三單例： He is now one of the best students in his classOne of my best friends is a doctor.One of his most expensive pens has been lost.The yellow river is t

35、he second largest river in china.Mount Qomolangma is the first highest mountain around the worldUnit5 What are the shirts made of?【考點(diǎn)詳解】1. made of 由制（構(gòu)）成，后接構(gòu)成某物質(zhì)的原料。例： This skirt is made of silk. 這件裙子是用絲綢制成的。be made of/from/up of 的區(qū)別（ 1 ） be made of 表示制成成品后，仍可看出原材料是什么，保留原材料的質(zhì)和形狀，制作過(guò)程僅發(fā)生物理變化。例： The k

36、ite is made of paper 風(fēng)箏是用紙做的。（2） be made from 表示制成的東西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，或原材料在制作過(guò)程中發(fā)生化學(xué)變化，在成品中已無(wú)法辨認(rèn)。例： The paper is made from wood 紙是木頭做的。Butter is made from milk. 黃油是從牛奶中提煉出來(lái)的。（3） be made up of 用構(gòu)成或組成的，指人、物皆可，指結(jié)構(gòu)成分。例： Our class is made up of six groups. 我們班是由六個(gè)小組組成的。2. It seems that many people all over

37、 the world drink Chinese tea.好像全世界的許多人都在喝中國(guó)茶。句型“It seems that "意為"看起來(lái)好4飄乎”，其中seem是連系動(dòng)詞,意為“似乎；好像”，句型中的 it 是形式主語(yǔ)，不能用其他代詞來(lái)替代。例： It seems that he was late for the train.看來(lái)他沒(méi)趕上火車。seem 的幾種常見結(jié)構(gòu)：1 ) seem to do sth此句型可與“It seems that轉(zhuǎn)換例： They seem to find the way to the cinema. =It seems that they

38、find theway to the cinema.他們似乎找到了去電影院的路了。（ 2 ） seem+ 形容詞例： My temperature seems （to be） all right.我的體溫看上去正常了。（ 3 ） seem+ 名詞例： That seems not a bad idea. 看上去主意不錯(cuò)。3. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sentfor processing in factory.當(dāng)茶葉成熟時(shí)，就被用手工采摘然后送到工廠加工。此句是由 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

39、， are picked, are sent 都是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。例： When the fruit are ready, they are picked and are sent to the market for sale.當(dāng)這些水果成熟后就被摘下來(lái)并送到市場(chǎng)上賣掉。4. No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries.無(wú)論你買什么，你都可能認(rèn)為那些產(chǎn)品是在那些國(guó)家生產(chǎn)的。此句為由"no matter +特殊疑問(wèn)詞”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。意為“無(wú)論.”

40、，相當(dāng)于 whatever 。例： No matter what I said to her, she still didn t believe me.無(wú)論我對(duì)她說(shuō)什么，她仍然不相信我。5. find out, 查出，找到。例： The police are trying to find out where the boy got off the train.警察正在查找這個(gè)男孩是從哪下的火車。find , find out 和look for 都含有“尋找、找到”的意思，但其含義和用法卻不同。find意為“找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)”，通常指找到或發(fā)現(xiàn)具體的東西，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是找的結(jié)果。Will you find

41、 mea pen?你替我找支鋼筆好嗎？look for意為“尋找”，是有目的地找，強(qiáng)調(diào)“尋找”這一動(dòng)作。例：I' m looking for my pen everywhere.我正至 U處找我的鋼筆。He is looking for his shoes. 他在找他的鞋子。find out 意為“找出、發(fā)現(xiàn)、查明”，多指通過(guò)調(diào)查、尋問(wèn)、打聽、研究之后通搞清楚、弄明白”，通常含有“經(jīng)過(guò)困難曲折”的含義，指找出較難找到的、無(wú)形的、抽象的東西。例：Please find out when the train leaves.請(qǐng)查一下火車什么時(shí)候離站。Read this passage , a

42、nd find out the answer to this question.6.allow sb to do sth允許某人做某事allow doing sth be allowed to do sth例： Please allow me to come in.My boss doesn't allow me to use the telephone.We were not allowed to talk in class.They allowed smoking in this room only.注意：allow只可搭配動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)，不可直接搭用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)，即只可說(shuō)

43、allow doing sth , 不可說(shuō) allow to do sth.【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一 . 概念理解1. 時(shí)態(tài)：在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中，時(shí)態(tài)主要討論行為動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間。如： He often helps me with my English.他經(jīng)常幫助我學(xué)英語(yǔ)。（ help 這個(gè)動(dòng)作經(jīng)常發(fā)生often ；故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）2. 語(yǔ)態(tài)： 在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中， 語(yǔ)態(tài)主要討論句子主語(yǔ)與行為動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系。 語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者（執(zhí)行者）為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如： The tall boy often hits his classmates （主語(yǔ) boy 是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 hit

44、的發(fā)出者）。 主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的接受者 （承受者） 為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 漢語(yǔ)中常用“被”、 “給”、 “由”、“受”等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)用： 助動(dòng)詞 be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成如： Chinese is spoken by the most people in the world （主語(yǔ) Chinese 是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 speak 的承受者）。3. 語(yǔ)態(tài)與時(shí)態(tài)的關(guān)系：在任何一個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子中都同時(shí)存在語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)，他們是分析一個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子的兩個(gè)主要元素。如： He is looking after his sister at home.（此句為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)） He is being looked

45、 after well by his parents. （此句為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)）二. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)最基本的句型結(jié)構(gòu)： be + 及物動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞說(shuō)明： be有時(shí)態(tài)，人稱和數(shù)的變化。 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞； 因?yàn)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，某些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如 look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。三 . 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用1. 當(dāng)不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)， 常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)， 這時(shí)往往不用 by 短語(yǔ)。Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken

46、 after class. （只是告訴老師杯子壞了，不知是誰(shuí)弄壞的，或不想說(shuō)出誰(shuí)弄壞的 ）。2. 突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用 by 短語(yǔ)。如： The cup was broken by Paul.四 . 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的變法： 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之間如何轉(zhuǎn)換1. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。2. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的 be + 過(guò)去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by 的賓語(yǔ)， 放在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后， by 短語(yǔ)可以省略。如果原句主語(yǔ)是地點(diǎn)名詞，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用 in + 地點(diǎn)名詞作狀語(yǔ)。五. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

47、： am /is/ are +done杭州種植茶葉。如： Tea is grown in Hangzhou.Unit6 When was it invented?【考點(diǎn)詳解】1. inventv. 發(fā)明inventorn. 發(fā)明家invention n. 發(fā)明2. be used for doing用來(lái)做（是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）（這個(gè)短語(yǔ)的考點(diǎn)有兩點(diǎn)，一是used for 的意思，二是for 后面用動(dòng)名詞）Pens are used for writing. 筆是用來(lái)寫的。3. 給某人某樣?xùn)|西 give sth. to sb.I gave a pen to him. 我給他一支筆。give sb. st

48、h.I gave him a pen. 我給他一支筆。4. all day 整天5. salty adj. 咸的 salt n. 鹽6. by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地 （犯錯(cuò)： make mistake ， 這些常見的短語(yǔ)大家務(wù)必要掌握）I took the umbrella by mistake.我不小心拿錯(cuò)了雨傘。8. by accident 意外，偶然（常見短語(yǔ)，考的最多的是它的意思）I met her by accident at bus stop. 我在公共汽車站意外地見到了她。9. not until 直到才（重中之重，這個(gè)用法非常重要?。㊣ didn't go to be

49、d until I finished my work.我直到完成我的工作才去睡覺(jué)。10. according to + 名詞，根據(jù)according to this article 根據(jù)這篇文章11. over an open fire 野飲12. leaf n. 葉子 復(fù)數(shù)形式leaves13. nearby adj. 附近的14. fall into 落入，掉進(jìn)The leaf fell into the river. 葉子落入了河里。fall down 摔倒She fell down from her bike. 她從她自行車摔倒了。15. quite 非常 adv. 與冠詞 a 連用時(shí)

50、，冠詞a 必須放在它的后面quite a beautiful girl 一個(gè)漂亮的女孩17. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人發(fā)自內(nèi)心的欣慰和愉快pleasant adj. 愉快，高興。指天氣、時(shí)間、旅行令人高興愉快please v. 使高興18. battery-operated adj. 電池控制的， 是名詞 + 動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)動(dòng)分詞構(gòu)成的合成形容詞19. in the sixth century 在第 6 世紀(jì)20. travel around 周游21. more than = over 超過(guò)（相比較， more than 更重要）more than 300 = over 300

51、超過(guò) 30022. including 包括，可以與名詞和動(dòng)名詞連用個(gè)人包括一個(gè)小孩受傷了。Six people, including a baby, were hurt. 623. have been played 被上演,是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)： have/has been + 過(guò)去分詞。4. be born 出生 （常見短語(yǔ)）He was born in Canada. 他在加拿大出生。25. safety n. 安全 safe adj. 安全的26. knock into 撞上（某人）27. divide sth. into，將劃分通常指將一個(gè)整體分成幾個(gè)對(duì)

52、應(yīng)相對(duì)的部分Let's divide ourselves into 4 groups.讓我們把我們自己劃成4 組。28. since then 從那以后，常與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示句子的主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作承受者。2. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)： be+ 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的 be 是助動(dòng)詞，有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為：am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為：was/were+ 過(guò)去分詞A lot of trees were planted here last year.與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

53、+ be + 過(guò)去分詞（關(guān)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，大家一定要熟悉，這個(gè)在中考的時(shí)候?qū)儆谑潜乜純?nèi)容，而且是重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容）關(guān)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)更多內(nèi)容，詳見 Unit5 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法部分。Unit7 Teenagers should be allowedto choose their own clothes.【重點(diǎn)句型】1. I don t think twelve -year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. 我認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該允許12 歲的孩子穿耳孔。2. They talk instead of doing homework.他們聊天而不是做作業(yè)。3. He

54、is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm.允許他們熬到晚上11 點(diǎn)。4. We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often.我們應(yīng)該被允許更加經(jīng)常的花些時(shí)間多做這類事情。5. What school rules do you think should be changed?你認(rèn)為學(xué)校的哪些制度應(yīng)該改一改了？6. The two pairs of jeans both look good on me.這兩條牛仔褲穿在我身上都適合。7. The classroom is a rea

55、l mess. 教室太臟了。8. Should I be allowed to make my own decisions?我應(yīng)該被允許自己做決定嗎?9. Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream.只有這樣我才能實(shí)現(xiàn)我的夢(mèng)想。10. They should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much a s theywant. 應(yīng)該允許他們對(duì)業(yè)余愛(ài)好想練多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就練多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。我們沒(méi)有理由反對(duì)他跑步。11. We have nothing against running.【考點(diǎn)詳解】1. enough adv. 足夠地 adj. 足夠的形容詞 +enough 如： beautiful enough 足夠漂亮enough+ 名詞 如：enough food足夠食物2. stop doing sth. 停止正