新目標(biāo)九年級(jí)第8單元課件2

1、只能接只能接-ing作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞口訣：作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞口訣：忙著想象忙著想象, 喜歡花費(fèi)喜歡花費(fèi)值得考慮值得考慮, 忍不住建議忍不住建議想要練習(xí)想要練習(xí), 保持介意保持介意錯(cuò)過結(jié)束錯(cuò)過結(jié)束喜歡花費(fèi)忙著想象忍不住想要結(jié)束練習(xí)喜歡花費(fèi)忙著想象忍不住想要結(jié)束練習(xí) enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事喜歡做某事 spend.doing sth. 花費(fèi)花費(fèi)做某事做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做忙于做 imagine sb. doing sth. 想象想象做某事做某事 cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要

2、做某事想要做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事完成做某事 practice doing sth. 練習(xí)做某事練習(xí)做某事 miss doing sth. 錯(cuò)過做某事錯(cuò)過做某事 suggest doing sth. 建議做某事建議做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 保持（繼續(xù)）做某事保持（繼續(xù)）做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事介意做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事值得做某事 consider doing sth. 考慮做某事考慮做某事錯(cuò)過建議保持介意值得考慮錯(cuò)過建議保持介意值得考慮 介詞介詞+doing ?？冀樵~常考介詞:

3、at, in, on of, off, for, from up, about, without to 等等等等 be good at doing sth 擅長(zhǎng)做某事擅長(zhǎng)做某事 be interested in doing sth. 對(duì)做某事感興趣對(duì)做某事感興趣 insist on doing 堅(jiān)持做某事堅(jiān)持做某事 be used for doing sth. 被用來做某事被用來做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 謝謝某人做某事謝謝某人做某事 be tired of doing sth. 厭煩做某事厭煩做某事 be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事害怕

4、做某事 put off doing 推遲做某事推遲做某事stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事give up doing sth. 放棄做某事放棄做某事without doing sth. 沒有做某事沒有做某事think about doing sth. 考慮做某事考慮做某事What How about doing 做某事怎么樣做某事怎么樣?此此to 非彼非彼to look forward to doing sth. （盼望）（盼望） pay attention to doing sth. （注意）（注意） be used to doing sth. （

5、習(xí)慣于）（習(xí)慣于） prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜歡）（更喜歡） devote to doing sth （致力于）（致力于） make a contribution to doing （做貢獻(xiàn)）（做貢獻(xiàn)） 只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞口訣：只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞口訣： 決定想做計(jì)劃需要同意，能做被用來做的事決定想做計(jì)劃需要同意，能做被用來做的事 迫不及待下決心做過去常常未能做的事迫不及待下決心做過去常常未能做的事 決定想做計(jì)劃需要同意，能做被用來做的事決定想做計(jì)劃需要同意，能做被用來做的事 decide to do sth. 決定做某事決定做某事 want

6、would like to do sth. 想做某事想做某事 plan to do sth. 計(jì)劃做某計(jì)劃做某 need to do sth. 需要做某事需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事能做某事 be used to do 被用來做被用來做 迫不及待下決心做過去常常未能做的事迫不及待下決心做過去常常未能做的事 cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事迫不及待地要做某事 make up ones mind to do 下決心做某事下決心做某事 used to do 過去常常做某事過去常常做某事 fail to do

7、未能做某事未能做某事 接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞口訣：接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞口訣： 請(qǐng)求與命令請(qǐng)求與命令 想要邀請(qǐng)期待鼓勵(lì)與建議想要邀請(qǐng)期待鼓勵(lì)與建議 答應(yīng)告誡允許提醒和幫助答應(yīng)告誡允許提醒和幫助請(qǐng)求與命令請(qǐng)求與命令 ask sb. to do sth. 請(qǐng)求某人做某事請(qǐng)求某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事命令某人做某事想要邀請(qǐng)期待鼓勵(lì)與建議想要邀請(qǐng)期待鼓勵(lì)與建議 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事想要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事邀請(qǐng)某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人

8、做某事期待某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事鼓勵(lì)某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事建議某人做某事 答應(yīng)告誡允許提醒和幫助答應(yīng)告誡允許提醒和幫助 promise sb. to do 答應(yīng)某人做某事答應(yīng)某人做某事 warn sb. not to do sth. 告誡某人做某事告誡某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事允許某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事提醒某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事幫助某人做某事 省略省略to的

9、情況的情況:o使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后：一感二聽三讓四看使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后：一感二聽三讓四看feel/ hear, listen to/ let,make, have, / look at, see, watch, noticeohad better （not）do sth. 最好最好(不不)做做owhy not /why dont you do sth為什么不做為什么不做?o help sb.（to）do stho Would rather寧愿做寧愿做o would you please情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞+do區(qū)分下列詞組區(qū)分下列詞組:see sb. doing/ do sth

10、.hear sb. doing/ do sth.watch sb. doing/ do sth.notice sb. doing/ do sth.感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel+ do表示動(dòng)作的完整性，表示動(dòng)作的完整性，+doing 表示動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行性。表示動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行性。注意：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不能省去注意：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不能省去to。特殊詞精講特殊詞精講:to do doing remember forger (do在后在后) 要做要做（do在前）做過在前）做過stop go on （兩個(gè)字）兩件事（兩個(gè)字）兩件事 （

11、一個(gè)字）一件事（一個(gè)字）一件事likehatelove一次性一次性 長(zhǎng)期長(zhǎng)期 try 盡力做盡力做 嘗試做嘗試做 startbegin一樣一樣 一樣一樣 stop doing/to dostop to do停下來去做另一件事，停下來去做另一件事，stop doing停止正在做的某事。停止正在做的某事。Eg:他們停下來吸煙。他們停下來吸煙。 They stop to smoke.我必須戒煙了我必須戒煙了 I must stop smoking.forget to do忘記要去做某事，忘記要去做某事，forget doing忘記做過某事。忘記做過某事。Eg：辦公室的燈還在亮著，他忘記關(guān)了。辦公室的

12、燈還在亮著，他忘記關(guān)了。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作沒有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。（已做過關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作）他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。（已做過關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作） He forgot turning the light off. forget doing/to do remember doing/to doremember to do 記得去做某事記得去做某事remember doing記得做過某事記得做過某事記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。Remember to go to th

13、e post office after school. 你不記得以前見過那個(gè)人嗎你不記得以前見過那個(gè)人嗎?Dont you remember seeing the man before?go on doing/to dogo on to do做了一件事后，接著做另一件事，做了一件事后，接著做另一件事，go on doing繼續(xù)做原來做的事。繼續(xù)做原來做的事。Eg：做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完這個(gè)練習(xí)后，接著做其他的練習(xí)做完這個(gè)練習(xí)后，接著做

14、其他的練習(xí)Go on doing other exercises after you have finished this one.try doing/ to do sth.try to do sth. 努力努力, 盡力做某事盡力做某事Although maths is difficult, I will try to study it .try doing sth. 試著做某事試著做某事The machine couldnt work. Lets try repairing it.need to do 需要做某事需要做某事need doing 是需要被做有被動(dòng)的意思是需要被做有被動(dòng)的意思如如

15、;I need to wash my clothes.My clothes need washing.need doing = need to be doneI need to mend my bike.My bike needs mending v21 _ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.vA Not known vB Known not vC Knowing not vD Not knowingv22 -Have you decided when _?v -Yes, tomorrow morning.vA to l

16、eave vB to be leave vC will you leave vD are you leavingv23 I really enjoy _ that kind of job.vA do vB doing vC to do vD to be doing v24 -There is a hole in your bag.v -I know I am going to have it _.vA mend vB mending vC mended vD to be mendedv25 The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead.vA

17、 lying vB lie vC lay vD layingv26 Tell him _ the window.vA to shut not vB not to shutvC to not shut vD not shutv27 Only one of these books is _.vA worth to read vB worth being read vC worth of reading vD worth readingv28 He had his leg _ in the match yesterday.vA to break vB broken vC break vD break

18、ingv29 I cant imagine _ that with them.vA do vB to do vC being done vD doingv30 Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists.vA invited vB to invite vC being invited vD invitingv31 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.vA catching vB to be caught vC being caught vD to caughtv32 Th

19、ough he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister.vA cry; to cry vB crying; cryingvC cry; cry vD to cry; cryv33 They would not allow him _ across the enemy line.vA to risk going vB risking to govC for risk to go vD risk goingv34 She didnt remember _ him before.vA h

20、aving met vB have met vC to meet vD to having metv35 They knew her very well. They had seen her _up from childhood.vA grow vB grew vC was growing vD to growv36 Do you know the boy _ under the big tree?vA lay vB lain vC laying vD lyingv37 Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one.vA

21、 to do vB doing vC with vD to be doing v38 There was terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.vA followed vB following vC to be followed vD being followedv39 -What do you think of the book?v -Oh, excellent. It is worth _ a second time.vA to read vB to be read vC reading vD being readv40 She preten

22、ded _me when I pass by.vA not to see vB not seeing vC to not see vD having not seenv41 -Good morning. Can I help you?v -Id like to have this package _, madam.vA be weighed vB to be weighedvC to weigh vD weighedv42 _ your coat at once. We must hurry.vA wear vB wearing vC put on vD putting onv43 Most

23、of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.vA invited vB to invite vC being invited vD had been invitedv44 _ more attention, the trees could have grown better.vA given vB to give vC giving vD having givenv45 She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the pat

24、h.vA to have rested vB resting vC to rest vD restv46 Last summer I took a course on _.vA how to make dresses vB how dresses be madevC how to be made dresses vD how dresses to be madev47 The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.vA being tied vB having tied vC to be tied vD tiedv4

25、8 The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.vA to prepare vB preparing vC prepared vD was preparingv49 I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. vA sail vB to sail vC sailing vD to have sailedv50 -The light in the office is still on.v -Oh,

26、 I forgot _.vA turning it off vB turn it offvC to turn it off vD having turned it offv51 John was made _the truck for a week as a punishment.vA to wash vB washing vC wash vD to be washing v52 Little Jim should love_ to the teacher this evening.vA to be taken vB to take vC being taken vD takingv53 -I

27、 usually go there by train.v -Why not _ by boat for a change?vA to try going vB trying to go vC to try and go vD try goingv54 I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.vA you to call vB you call vC your calling vD youre callingappreciateappreciatepri:pri:ieitieit vt.vt.感激；欣賞；領(lǐng)會(huì)；鑒別感激；欣賞；領(lǐng)會(huì)；鑒別v55 There

28、 are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can not make up my mind _ to buy.vA what vB which vC how vD wheremake up ones mind to do sthmake up ones mind in doing sth make a decision to do sthv56 _ a reply, he decided to write again.vA not receiving vB receiving notvC not having vD having no

29、t receivedv57 “Cant you read? ” Mary said _ to the notice.vA angrily pointing vB and point angrilyvC angrily pointed vD and angrily pointingv58 How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?vA to taken vB take vC taking vD to be takingv59 The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among th

30、e students in this school.vA having opened vB open vC opening vD openedv61 Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle.vA ride; ride vB riding; ride vC ride; to ride vD to ride; ridingv62 - I must apologize for _ ahead of time.v - That is all right.vA letting you not know vB not le

31、tting you knowvC letting you know not vD letting not you knowv63 The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. vA playing vB to be playing vC play vD to playv64 The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he enjoyed his stay here.vA having added vB to add vC adding vD

32、 addedv65 The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.vA having written vB to be written vC being written vD writtenv66 Paul doesnt have to be made_. He always works hard.vA learn vB to learn vC learned vD learningv67 The patient was warned _ only fo

33、od after the operation.vA to eat not vB eating notvC not to eat vD not eatingv68 _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.vA Losing vB Having lost vC Lost vD To lostUnit 7Where would youlike to visit ?Explanation1. Where would you like to go on vacation, Sam? Sam, 你想到哪兒去度假？你想到哪兒去度假？

34、(1) 句中的句中的would like表示表示“想要想要”, 常用于以下常用于以下幾種句式幾種句式: would like名詞名詞(或代詞或代詞), 意為意為“想想要要”。 e. g. Id like a new computer. 我想要一臺(tái)新計(jì)算機(jī)。我想要一臺(tái)新計(jì)算機(jī)。would like to do “想做想做”。 e. g. Shed like to go there alone. 她想單獨(dú)去那里。她想單獨(dú)去那里。would like 名詞名詞 (或代詞或代詞) to do 表示表示“希望希望做做”。e. g. Id like you to meet my friends. 我希望你

35、見見我的朋友們。我希望你見見我的朋友們。 Id like them to stay for dinner with us. 我希望他們留下來和我們共進(jìn)晚餐。我希望他們留下來和我們共進(jìn)晚餐。would like名詞（或代詞）形容詞名詞（或代詞）形容詞, 意為意為“喜歡喜歡 呈呈狀狀”。e. g. Id like the windows open at night. 晚上（睡覺）我喜歡開著窗戶。晚上（睡覺）我喜歡開著窗戶。(2) on vacation 意為意為“在度假，在休假中在度假，在休假中”，這，這主要是美式用法，英國(guó)人常用主要是美式用法，英國(guó)人常用on holiday。 其其中的介詞中的介

36、詞on是表示狀態(tài)、方法等，意思是是表示狀態(tài)、方法等，意思是“進(jìn)進(jìn)行中，在行中，在中，于中，于狀態(tài)狀態(tài)”。e. g. The Smith family is now on vacation. 史密斯一家正在度假。史密斯一家正在度假。(也可用也可用on holiday)There are a lot of new spring suits on sale in the shop. 這個(gè)商店里有許多新上市的春裝在出售。這個(gè)商店里有許多新上市的春裝在出售。She met an old friend on her way to school. 在上學(xué)的途中，她遇到了一位老朋友。在上學(xué)的途中，她遇到了一位

37、老朋友。(3) go on（或（或for）名詞）名詞, 表示表示“去去”。e. g. Lets go on a journey on May Day. 五一我們?nèi)ヂ眯邪?。五一我們?nèi)ヂ眯邪伞?Lets go for a walk after supper. 晚飯后我們?nèi)ド⒉桨伞Ｍ盹埡笪覀內(nèi)ド⒉桨伞?. Id like to trek through the jungle, because I like exciting vacations. 我想去熱帶叢林中旅行，因?yàn)槲蚁矚g充滿刺我想去熱帶叢林中旅行，因?yàn)槲蚁矚g充滿刺激的假期。激的假期。(1) through與與across的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別： “a

38、cross”，意為，意為“橫過橫過”, 常指從這邊到常指從這邊到另一邊另一邊, 即：即：“from this side to the other”.e. g. 1. The bus is coming across the bridge. 2. They often go to school across the street. 3. Can you swim across the river ?“through”，意為，意為“常指從事物內(nèi)部穿過常指從事物內(nèi)部穿過”。 e. g. 1. The deer is going through the forest. 2. Jack saw many

39、 students playing on the playground through the window. (2) because是連詞是連詞, 連接一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句連接一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句, because所表原因比較直接。要注意所表原因比較直接。要注意, so表結(jié)果表結(jié)果, 但在英語(yǔ)中卻不能把但在英語(yǔ)中卻不能把because和和so一起用于一個(gè)一起用于一個(gè)句子中表原因和結(jié)果。句子中表原因和結(jié)果。 e. g. I went to bed early because I was tired. = I was tired so I went to bed early. 我因?yàn)槠＞胨蕴嵩缢?。我?/p>

40、為疲倦所以提早睡。(3) because, as, since, for 的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別： because多表示所敘述的理由是本句的多表示所敘述的理由是本句的重點(diǎn)，故重點(diǎn)，故 because 所引導(dǎo)的從句多放于句末。所引導(dǎo)的從句多放于句末。e. g. Why am I leaving? Im leaving because I want to. 為什么我要離開？因?yàn)槲蚁腚x開。為什么我要離開？因?yàn)槲蚁腚x開。 as, since 用于表示理由是已知，而理由以外用于表示理由是已知，而理由以外才是敘述的重點(diǎn)，兩者皆多用于句首。但要注意才是敘述的重點(diǎn)，兩者皆多用于句首。但要注意: since更重形式，更

41、重形式，as多表示理由以外才是重點(diǎn)。多表示理由以外才是重點(diǎn)。e. g. Since you have no license, you are not allowed to drive. 因?yàn)闆]有駕駛執(zhí)照因?yàn)闆]有駕駛執(zhí)照, 所以你不所以你不可以開車?？梢蚤_車。 As it is raining, lets stay at home. 因?yàn)橄掠暌驗(yàn)橄掠? 我們就留在家里吧。我們就留在家里吧。 for不用于句首不用于句首, 而用于主句之后，補(bǔ)充而用于主句之后，補(bǔ)充說明理由說明理由; 主句表推測(cè)時(shí)主句表推測(cè)時(shí), 要用要用for說明理由。說明理由。 e. g. Ill follow his advice

42、, for he is a doctor. 我會(huì)聽從他的勸告我會(huì)聽從他的勸告, 因?yàn)樗轻t(yī)生。因?yàn)樗轻t(yī)生。1. For your next vacation, why not consider visiting Paris? 為什么不考慮一下到新加坡去度你的下一個(gè)假期？為什么不考慮一下到新加坡去度你的下一個(gè)假期？ (1) why not = why dont you 意思是意思是“你為你為什么不什么不”用于表示提議、勸誘等，用于表示提議、勸誘等，“why not?”結(jié)構(gòu)中，結(jié)構(gòu)中，not后接動(dòng)詞原形。后接動(dòng)詞原形。 e. g. Why not come and see me tomorrow

43、? = Why dont you come and see me tomorrow? 明天來找我怎么樣？明天來找我怎么樣？Explanation(2) consider是動(dòng)詞，意為是動(dòng)詞，意為“仔細(xì)考慮，深思熟仔細(xì)考慮，深思熟慮慮”，后面可接名詞、從句、副詞，接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要，后面可接名詞、從句、副詞，接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用用v-ing形式。形式。e. g. We considered his suggestion. 我們仔細(xì)考慮了他的建議。我們仔細(xì)考慮了他的建議。 He is considering studying abroad. 他正在考慮出國(guó)留學(xué)。他正在考慮出國(guó)留學(xué)。 We considered ho

44、w we should help them. 我們仔細(xì)考慮應(yīng)該如何幫助他們。我們仔細(xì)考慮應(yīng)該如何幫助他們。 Consider carefully before you decide. 你要慎重考慮后再?zèng)Q定。你要慎重考慮后再?zèng)Q定。(3) 句中的句中的visit是動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞, visit還可作名詞。還可作名詞。 visit作動(dòng)詞時(shí)作動(dòng)詞時(shí), 既可作及物動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞, 也可作不及也可作不及物動(dòng)詞物動(dòng)詞, 表表 “訪問訪問, 拜訪拜訪, 探望探望”。 e. g. Im going to visit my uncle tomorrow. 我打算明天去看望我叔叔。我打算明天去看望我叔叔。 visit

45、作名詞時(shí)，意為作名詞時(shí)，意為 “訪問，參觀，觀光訪問，參觀，觀光”。后接介詞后接介詞to短語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示短語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示 “在某處的訪問（觀在某處的訪問（觀光）光）”。e. g. This is my first visit to Sweden. 這是我第一次到瑞典游覽。這是我第一次到瑞典游覽。2. Paris is the capital of France, and is one of the liveliest cities in Europe.巴黎是法國(guó)的首都巴黎是法國(guó)的首都,并且是歐洲最美麗的城市之一。并且是歐洲最美麗的城市之一。 one of+最高級(jí)最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù), 意為意為 “

46、最最的之一的之一”。 Beijing is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.3. Traveling around Paris by taxi can cost a lot of money. 乘出租車游巴黎會(huì)花掉一大筆錢。乘出租車游巴黎會(huì)花掉一大筆錢。 cost指東西值多少錢，主語(yǔ)一般是所買的東西等指東西值多少錢，主語(yǔ)一般是所買的東西等 名詞。名詞。1. They were willing to work hard to achieve their dreams.Explanation1) be willing to do sth

47、“心甘心甘, 情愿情愿 去做某事去做某事”Sb achieve the dreams “某人某人實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想” The dreams come true “夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)”2. Some said theyd love to go on exciting trips. 這里的這里的go on 是不是是不是“繼續(xù)繼續(xù)”的意思？的意思？這里這里go on 不等于不等于continue。go on a trip譯成譯成“（去）旅行（去）旅行”3. Three students said theyd like to be able to fly. be able to與與can 是同意詞，這里能

48、否把是同意詞，這里能否把be able to換成換成can?不可以。不可以。can 只可以用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過去時(shí)用只可以用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過去時(shí)用could, 而其它時(shí)態(tài)和結(jié)構(gòu)要而其它時(shí)態(tài)和結(jié)構(gòu)要用用be able to。Take, spend, cost的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：Spend 主語(yǔ)是人主語(yǔ)是人, take 主語(yǔ)是物或是主語(yǔ)是物或是 it 做形式主語(yǔ)做形式主語(yǔ), cost 主語(yǔ)是物。主語(yǔ)是物。1) spend的主語(yǔ)必須是的主語(yǔ)必須是“人人”，賓語(yǔ)可以是錢，賓語(yǔ)可以是錢，精力，時(shí)間等，其后用精力，時(shí)間等，其后用on (for)+名詞或用名詞或用in(可可省略省略)+動(dòng)名詞形式，不接不定式。動(dòng)名

49、詞形式，不接不定式。e. g. He spent a lot of money for his new car. He spends much money on books. Mr. Li spends a lot of time (in) helping his students with their English.2) take可用于表示花時(shí)間、金錢、勇氣等?？捎糜诒硎净〞r(shí)間、金錢、勇氣等。e. g. It took the workers three years to build the bridge. 建這座橋花了工人們?nèi)甑臅r(shí)間。建這座橋花了工人們?nèi)甑臅r(shí)間。3) cost可用于表

50、示花時(shí)間和金錢可用于表示花時(shí)間和金錢, 其主語(yǔ)一般其主語(yǔ)一般是是“物物”或或“事事”, 表示表示“耗費(fèi)耗費(fèi)”。 e. g. The book costs him one dollar. 這本書用了他一美元。這本書用了他一美元。 Homework costs the children much time. 家庭作業(yè)要花孩子們?cè)S多時(shí)間。家庭作業(yè)要花孩子們?cè)S多時(shí)間。4. So unless you speak French yourself, its best to travel with someone who can translate things for you. 所以除非你本人說法語(yǔ)所以除

51、非你本人說法語(yǔ),最好和一個(gè)最好和一個(gè)能替你翻譯法語(yǔ)的人一起來巴黎旅游。能替你翻譯法語(yǔ)的人一起來巴黎旅游。 unless 除非除非,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。比比“ifnot”略微正式。略微正式。across 和和cross 區(qū)別：區(qū)別：cross v.穿過，橫穿穿過，橫穿across prep. 穿過，橫穿穿過，橫穿cross the road= go across the roadHe swam across the river. across 和和through 的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別： across 指從物體表面的一邊到另一邊指從物體表面的一邊到另一邊 through 指空間的一頭縱穿

52、到另一頭指空間的一頭縱穿到另一頭 through the tunnel 穿過隧道穿過隧道 3. be away(離開離開,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,可以可以 和一段時(shí)間連用和一段時(shí)間連用) eg: Please help me to water the flowers while I am away. 我不在家時(shí)，請(qǐng)幫我澆澆花。我不在家時(shí)，請(qǐng)幫我澆澆花。 A:Where is Xiao Li ? B: He is away from school. ( He is not in school.) B: He has been away from school since two hours ago

53、. The director has been away (for a week). 導(dǎo)演已經(jīng)離開（一周）了。 Yang Liwei had been away from the earth for about 21 hours. 揚(yáng)立偉離開地球大約21小時(shí)。 與leave的區(qū)別:leave(離開,為短暫性動(dòng)詞,不能和一段時(shí)間連用) Id love to sail across the Pacific.我想橫渡太平洋。我想橫渡太平洋。dream of/about 做夢(mèng)，夢(mèng)想做夢(mèng)，夢(mèng)想in the future 將來將來Here are some of the findings of a sur

54、vey about hopes and dreams, in which thouands of students across China took part.（非限制性定語(yǔ)從句（非限制性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞只能是關(guān)系詞只能是which)Eg.We went to Jade Buddha Temple,which is in the Northwesten part ofShanghai.我們參觀了玉佛寺，它在上海的西北部我們參觀了玉佛寺，它在上海的西北部 I only eat food that tastes good. I only eat food,which tastes good.（非限

55、制性定語(yǔ)從句）（非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）（限制性定語(yǔ)從句）（限制性定語(yǔ)從句）（非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）（非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）the answer to the questionthe solution to the problemWhat would you like to do after fini-shing your education?（after是介詞）是介詞）It seems that +從句從句 好像是，似乎是好像是，似乎是as soon as possible 盡快地盡快地so that 以至于以至于continue to do sth./continue doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事繼續(xù)

56、做某事 although/though（雖然）不能與（雖然）不能與but 同時(shí)用同時(shí)用 Although money is important,many teenagers said they want to do jobs they enjoy. according to 根據(jù)根據(jù) V-ing做伴隨性狀語(yǔ)做伴隨性狀語(yǔ) Eg.Every eveningthey sat on the sofa,watching TV. hope pack save provide cook Could you _ me with information about student exchange progra

57、ms? 2. My mother is going to _ Beijing Duck tonight. Would you like to come for dinner? Im _ my money so I can buy a new bicycle. 4. Shanghai is cold this time of year. You need to _warm clothes if you go there. 5. Were going to Africa on vacation. We _ to see some videsavingcookhopepac

58、kU8hunger hg n.餓；饑餓餓；饑餓 adj. How do you help them?Help stop hunger. 幫助消除饑餓。幫助消除饑餓。establish IstblI v.建立；建造；設(shè)立建立；建造；設(shè)立 set upWere going to set up a food bank to help hungry people. 我們將建一個(gè)食品庫(kù)來我們將建一個(gè)食品庫(kù)來幫助饑餓的人。幫助饑餓的人。homeless humls adj.無家可歸的無家可歸的 Id like to help homeless people. 我想幫助無家可歸的人。我想幫助無家可歸的人。l

59、oveless 無愛的無愛的endless 無盡的無盡的colorless暗淡的暗淡的hopeless 沒有希望的沒有希望的helpless 無助的無助的 useless 沒用的沒用的thoughtless 不經(jīng)思考的不經(jīng)思考的faithless 沒有信仰的沒有信仰的restless 不安的不安的 nameless 匿名的匿名的voiceless 無聲的無聲的 worthlessvaluelesspriceless無價(jià)值的，不值錢的無價(jià)值的，不值錢的 無價(jià)的；極貴重的；無價(jià)的；極貴重的；無價(jià)值的無價(jià)值的, ,無用的無用的clean-up kli:np n.打掃；清潔打掃；清潔 You coul

60、d help clean up the city parks.你可以幫助打你可以幫助打 城市公園。城市公園。sign saIn n.標(biāo)牌；招牌標(biāo)牌；招牌 We would put up signs. 我們可以張貼告示。我們可以張貼告示。major meId adj.主要的；重大的主要的；重大的 commitment kmItmnt n.奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠(chéng)；辛勞奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠(chéng)；辛勞 major commitment 很大的奉獻(xiàn)很大的奉獻(xiàn)advertisement.dvtaIzmnt n n. .廣告；廣告活動(dòng)廣告；廣告活動(dòng) Ill hand out advertisements after school.