高中英語語法 主謂一致（27張）ppt課件

1、GrammarSubject-Verb Agreement主謂一致主謂一致The boy _ diving.They _ diving.Both Jack and Tim _ diving.All of them _ diving.Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.isareareisareFinish the following exercises:Bob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers.areBoth Mike and Bob _workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _a tea

2、cher.isBill Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English. knows/knowAll of them _ workers.None of them _ (know) how to teach English.are knows/know主主謂謂一一致致主謂一致是指謂語在人稱、數(shù)及意義方主謂一致是指謂語在人稱、數(shù)及意義方面要與作主語的名詞或代詞堅(jiān)持一致。面要與作主語的名詞或代詞堅(jiān)持一致。二、意義一致二、意義一致三、就近原那么三、就近原那么一、語法一致一、語法一致Subjectverb Agreement 主謂一致主謂一致主謂一致主要有以

3、下幾種情況：主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：1. and銜接兩個或兩個以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞銜接兩個或兩個以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語的時候作主語的時候,謂語動詞有以下兩種情況：謂語動詞有以下兩種情況：(1) He and I _both students of this school. 假設(shè)指兩個或兩個以上不同的人或事物的時假設(shè)指兩個或兩個以上不同的人或事物的時候候,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。語法一致原那語法一致原那么么are(2) 但假設(shè)銜接兩個以上的名詞指的是同但假設(shè)銜接兩個以上的名詞指的是同一個人或物一個人或物, 或者指同一概念的時

4、候或者指同一概念的時候, 謂語要用單數(shù)。謂語要用單數(shù)。 The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. The knife and fork _on the table. is is表整體概念的并列構(gòu)造：表整體概念的并列構(gòu)造： bread and butter a knife and fork the writer and poet iron and steel a watch and chain a cart and horse2. 假設(shè)主語是不定式假設(shè)主語是不定式, 動詞動詞ing方式或主語方式或主語從句的時候從句的時候,謂語動

5、詞用單數(shù)。謂語動詞用單數(shù)。What he is doing _(seem) very important. Collecting stamps _(be) his hobby. seemsis3. 定語從句的關(guān)系代詞定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who, which, that在從句中作主語時，從句動詞要與先在從句中作主語時，從句動詞要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)堅(jiān)持一致。行詞的人稱和數(shù)堅(jiān)持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom, who _ your friend, should help you.is4. 主語后有主語后有with, along with, to

6、gether with, as well as, rather than, besides, except, like, without, but, including 等詞或短語等詞或短語時時,謂語動詞的方式不受這些短語的影謂語動詞的方式不受這些短語的影響就遠(yuǎn)原那么。例如：響就遠(yuǎn)原那么。例如：The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street. either . or, neither . nor, notbut, not only . but also在句子中銜接主語的時候在句子中銜接主語的時候或

7、者在或者在there be句型中句型中,謂語動詞要和就近謂語動詞要和就近的主語堅(jiān)持一致。的主語堅(jiān)持一致。就近原那就近原那么么Neither you nor I _ (be) wrong. There _ a cup of tea and some apples on the table.amis意義一致原那意義一致原那么么 所謂意義一致原那么是指謂語動詞和所謂意義一致原那么是指謂語動詞和主語一致不是取決于主語的語法方式主語一致不是取決于主語的語法方式, 而是其實(shí)踐意義。有的主語名詞在方式而是其實(shí)踐意義。有的主語名詞在方式上是單數(shù)上是單數(shù), 但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語名

8、詞在方式上是復(fù)數(shù)主語名詞在方式上是復(fù)數(shù), 但在意義上但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。卻是單數(shù)。1. 不定代詞不定代詞all, some, any, none, neither作主語作主語,謂語動詞視情況而定。謂語動詞視情況而定。All of the apples _rotten. 一切的蘋果都爛了。一切的蘋果都爛了。All of the apple _rotten. 整個蘋果都爛了。整個蘋果都爛了。 are isNone of the money_ left. 沒有剩下一點(diǎn)錢。沒有剩下一點(diǎn)錢。is2. 分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)或分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)或the rest of; half of; part of +n/pron作

9、主語時作主語時,謂語動詞謂語動詞與與of后面的名詞后面的名詞/代詞堅(jiān)持一致。代詞堅(jiān)持一致。Half of the students _ havefinished their composition. Half of the apple _bad. About 60 percent of the students in ourschool _boys. haveisare3. 集合名詞作主語集合名詞作主語, 動詞可用單數(shù)動詞可用單數(shù), 也可以用也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決議。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決議。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語動詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時謂語動詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時, 動詞那么動詞那

10、么用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見的集合名詞有用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見的集合名詞有family, class, group, team, government , population 等。等。His family _going out. 他們?nèi)乙獬?。他們?nèi)乙獬?。His family _all music lovers. 他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳废埠谜摺Ｋ麄內(nèi)胰硕际且魳废埠谜?。is are 4. 某些名詞如某些名詞如people, police, cattle等等,方方式上是單數(shù)式上是單數(shù), 但意義上是復(fù)數(shù)但意義上是復(fù)數(shù), 謂語動謂語動詞運(yùn)用復(fù)數(shù)。詞運(yùn)用復(fù)數(shù)。people指指“民族時是例民族時是例外。外。 T

11、he police are searching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill.5. 表示成雙成套的名詞如表示成雙成套的名詞如trousers, scissors, shoes, socks, glasses 等作主等作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)方式語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)方式, 但當(dāng)它但當(dāng)它們與們與a pair of 或或pairs of連用時連用時, 謂語謂語動詞與動詞與pair的數(shù)堅(jiān)持一致。如的數(shù)堅(jiān)持一致。如: The shoes are worn out. 鞋子破了。鞋子破了。 The pair of shoes is

12、worn out. 這雙鞋破了。這雙鞋破了。 6. 某些以某些以s結(jié)尾的學(xué)科、國名、書刊名結(jié)尾的學(xué)科、國名、書刊名如如maths, politics, the United States, the New Times, Great Expectations, news等，謂語動詞運(yùn)用單數(shù)。等，謂語動詞運(yùn)用單數(shù)。 Physics is a very interesting subject. Roots is a famous American novel. 7. 不定代詞不定代詞someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, ev

13、eryone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, each等作主語等作主語, 謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。 Someone wants to see you. Nothing is found in the room. 8. every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no .; many aand many a 在以上短語中在以上短語中and銜接的單銜接的單數(shù)名詞數(shù)名詞, 整個短語在句中作主語時整個短語在句中作主語時, 謂謂語動詞常運(yùn)用單數(shù)。語動詞常運(yùn)用單數(shù)。Every

14、doctor and every nurse was given a new shirt. Many a boy and many a girl _(have) made the same mistake. has 9. many a, more than one與單數(shù)名詞組成與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語的短語, 謂語用單數(shù)。謂語用單數(shù)。 Many a boy has seen it. 10. 時間、間隔、金錢、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)時間、間隔、金錢、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。 Thirty years _(be) not a long time. is 1

15、1. 以以a number of 作主語時作主語時, 謂語動詞謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)用復(fù)數(shù); 以以the number of 作主語時作主語時, 謂謂語動詞用單數(shù)。語動詞用單數(shù)。 A number of new books_ on the desk. The number of students in you class _ 50. are is Task1 Choose the correct verb form to complete the following sentences. Our family _ (is/are) not poor any more. 2. The class _ (

16、have/has) disagreed among themselves about where they should go and have a picnic. 3. A poet and artist _(is/are) coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting this afternoon.ishaveis4. Not only you but also he _ (is/are) wrong. 5. Neither you nor he _ (is/are) right. 6. There _ (is/ar

17、e) two shops and a cinema beside the railway station. 7. He is the only one of the students who _ (has/have) passed the exam. isisarehas1. To finish the work _ hard work. A. needs B. need C. needing2. Many a man_ the story. A. believes B. believe C. believing3. The teacher as well as the students _

18、the book already A. are reading B. is reading C. has read D. have readTask2 Choose the correct item.AAC4. Only half of the work_ done yesterday. A. is B. was C. are D. were5. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. has not decided B. have not decided C. has not been decided D. have not been decidedBC1.這是今年出版的最暢銷的小說之一這是