人教版英語七年級下Unit12課本知識梳理及課后習(xí)題

1、Unit12 Dont eat in class.Words and expressions:1.Which rules are these students breaking? 這些學(xué)生違反了哪些規(guī)定？這是由疑問詞which 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。Which 在本句中是疑問形容詞，它還可以作疑問代詞，“哪個，哪些” Which do you like better, classical music or popular music?Which sport is your favorite?Which 用作疑問代詞時可以獨立使用， 用作疑問形容詞后面須接名詞，兩種情況經(jīng)過變化后可以互換使用。 Wh

2、ich hat is your sisters?=Which is your sisters hat?rule 在句中作名詞，“規(guī)則，規(guī)定” We must obey school rules.常見的詞組： obey a rule 遵守規(guī)定 break a rule 違反規(guī)定 carry out a rule 執(zhí)行規(guī)定 abolish a rule 廢除規(guī)定 break 是動詞，“破壞， 違反”，還可以表示“破壞，打破，打碎”。 The boy often breaks school rules.Who broke the window of the classroom?Break 作名詞，

3、“休息，中間，中斷”。Lets take a ten-minute break.2.Dont arrive late for class.本句是一個祈使句的否定句。祈使句是指動詞原形開頭，表達(dá)命令或者乞求的句子。其否定句是在句首加“Dont”構(gòu)成.Dont listen to music in class.Dont play basketball in the classroom.Dont run in the hallways.區(qū)分arrive,get和which.句中的arrive 表示“到達(dá)，抵達(dá)”，為不及物動詞，后面加賓語需加介詞at 或in。at后面為較小的場所，in 后面跟大地點。

4、 When will he arrive at the airport?I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.單詞 get 和reach 也有到達(dá)的意思，get 為不及物動詞， 后面跟地點名詞需加介詞to， reach為及物動詞，直接跟地點名詞作賓語，當(dāng)get 和arrive 后接副詞時，不用介詞。 The train arrives in Beijing at 8 oclock.=The train gets to Beijing at 8 oclock.=The train reaches Beijing at 8 oclock.Wh

5、at time did your father arrive home last night?late 在句子中作副詞，也可以作形容詞，其反義詞是early, be late for +名詞表示“遲到”。 He often comes to school late.I do my homework until late at night.Dont be late for school again.Better late than ever. arrive late for 及be late for 意思相近，"遲到"Don't arrive （be）late for

6、 school. 上學(xué)別遲到。I arrived （was）late for the meeting yesterday. 我昨天開會遲到了。3.Dont listen to music in the classroom or the hallways.句中的listen 表示“（注意的）聽， 傾聽”，為不及物動詞，后面加介詞to 接賓語，即：listen to sb. /sth.Do you like listening to classical music?You should listen to your teacher carefully in class.注意：區(qū)分 listen ，

7、hear和soundlisten 表示“聽”強調(diào)的是動作，hear 強調(diào)的是結(jié)果，意思為“聽見，聽到”。 I listened carefully but I heard nothing.Can you hear someone singing in the next room?listen 可用于祈使句, 但hear不可以.Listen to me carefully.Dont listen to music in class.listen 強調(diào)動作過程，故可以用進(jìn)行時態(tài)，hear不可以.All the students are listening to the teacher carefu

8、lly.sound"聽起來"，它是系動詞，后面接形容詞等。不可用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)。That sounds great. 那聽起來真不錯。It sounds like fun. 聽起來挺有趣。本句中的or用在否定句中,表示“或 都不”，在肯定句中表示“和，都”的and變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r，一般變?yōu)閛r.I like rice and meat.-I dont like rice or meat.His father doesnt smoke or drink.(His father smokes and drinks.)Words and expressions:1. Can we wea

9、r hats in school? can 是英語中最常用的情態(tài)動詞之一，他本身不表示動作，只是說明“能不能”的意思，表示動作的是他后面的動詞原形, can 沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，其否定形式為cant.Can you fly a kite? Yes, I can.Can we eat in the classroom? No, we cant.總結(jié)情態(tài)動詞can的用法：（1）表示能力，"會""能"（在第一冊中已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)這種用法）Can you play the guitar? 你會彈吉它嗎？Judy can speak a little Chinese. 朱

10、蒂會說一點中文。I can dance and sing. 我能唱歌又能跳舞。（2）表示允許、許可，"可以"、"能"（在這一課中新學(xué)的詞義）Can the students run in the hallways? 學(xué)生們可以在走廊上跑嗎？We can eat outside. 我們可以在外面吃東西。Can I come in? 我能進(jìn)來嗎？注意 同樣是情態(tài)動詞，can 和have to 的用法是有區(qū)別的，和大部分情態(tài)動詞一樣，can在否定句中，直接在can后加上not，在疑問句中，把can放到主語前面，并且沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 wear 作動詞，“穿著

11、，戴著”，表示狀態(tài)。 She is wearing a white dress today.My English teacher wears a pair of glasses.The little girl wears a beautiful hat.put on 和be in 都有穿的意思，be in + 衣服顏色，表示狀態(tài)， put on 指穿上，強調(diào)穿的動作。 Its cold outside, put on your coat .He is in blue.He is putting on his shoes.school短語：in school 在上學(xué) go to school 去

12、上學(xué) leave school 畢業(yè)，離開學(xué)校 at school 在學(xué)校，在上學(xué) enter school 入學(xué) drop out of school 輟學(xué)Words and expressions:1Do you have to wear a uniform? Yes, we do.have to 在本句中的意思是“必須，不得不”。have to 后接動詞原形，當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，用has to.I have to get up early every morning.Tom has to stay at home to look after his sister.We have to

13、 clean the classroom after school.當(dāng)have to 用于否定句或疑問句中時，要根據(jù)時態(tài)加助動詞。 We dont have to finish our homework at school.Does she have to go to school tomorrow? Yes, she does.區(qū)分must和have tomust 及have to 都有必須的意思，但must 強調(diào)主觀看法，have to 比較強調(diào)客觀需要，must 則不能。 I have to go home early this afternoon.We must clean our c

14、lassroom every day.Words and expressions:Practice your guitar every day.本句是一個祈使句，祈使句通常以動詞原形開頭， 用來表示命令，請求或勸告的句子。 Do your homework after school.Come to school earlier next time.Close the window, please.祈使句的否定句在句首加Dont 或Do not.Dont wear hats in class.Dont be late for school again.Dont watch TV in the e

15、vening.以let us 或 lets 開頭的祈使句表示建議做某事。 Lets go to the mountains.Let us help you.有時為了強調(diào)，在肯定結(jié)構(gòu)前加do.Do come on time tomorrow.practice 的用法， practice 在美式英語中既可作動詞，又可作名詞， practice 在英式英語中是名詞，動詞是practise.practice 作動詞時，既可作及物動詞，又可作不及物動詞。意思是“練習(xí)，實踐”，作及物動詞時，后面可接名詞，代詞或動名詞作賓語。 I have to practice playing the piano eve

16、ry day.We must practice speaking English as often as we can.practice 作名詞時，意思是“練習(xí)，實踐，訓(xùn)練”。Practice makes perfect.It takes a lot of practice to become a good swimmer.注意：區(qū)分every day 和everydayevery day 是名詞短語， 相當(dāng)于副詞，常用于作狀語，意思是“每天”。everyday 是形容詞，常放在名詞前作定語， 意思是“每天的，日常的”。 My father walks to work every day.Do

17、 you have an English class every day?The talk show is about everyday life.We should practice everyday English every day.Words and expressions:1.I have too many rules in my home.too 在本句中作副詞，意思是“太，過于”，表示超出一定的限度。 The box is too small. I cant put all the things in it.He arrived at school too late.too 常用

18、于 be too +形容詞 （for sb.）to do 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“太而不能”.He is too young to go to school.The problem is too difficult for me to work out.too many 意思為“太多”，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式, too much 意思為“太多”修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 There are too many people in the bus.Dont eat too much meat. Its bad for your health.2.And I have to be in bed by ten ocloc

19、k.句中的in bed 有“睡覺，在床上，臥床”表示抽象意義，通常不加冠詞。 His mother is ill in bed.Its too late. Why are you still in bed?Dont read in bed. Its bad for your eyes.不用冠詞的詞組： in class 課堂上 after class 下課后 at school 在學(xué)校 in school 在上學(xué) at work 在工作 be in hospital 生病住院 go to school 去上學(xué) go to work 去上班 go to bed 上床睡覺 3.No talking

20、 ! "禁止交談！"no后面加上名詞或動名詞（doing）也表示不要做某事。及don't +do的用法相似。No wet umbrellas! / Don't put wet umbrellas here! 禁止放濕雨傘！No food! Don't eat food here! 禁止吃食物！No smoking! Don't smoke here! 禁止吸煙！總結(jié)：本單元是讓學(xué)生學(xué)會談?wù)撘恍┮?guī)章制度，比如說：-Can we eat in school? We can eat in the cafeteria, but we cant eat

21、 in the classrooms./ -Can students wear hats in school? Yes, we can. ?No, we cant. 重在對學(xué)生進(jìn)行思想教育，讓學(xué)生弄明白在什么地方該干什么，不該干什么。通過學(xué)習(xí)， 學(xué)生可以表達(dá)一些句子，但，要使學(xué)生在實際生活中真正做到，還需要日常學(xué)習(xí)生活中的灌輸運用。課后跟蹤練習(xí)一、 單項選擇（ ）1. Stop _. Listen _ me, please. A. talk, to B. to talk, at C. talking, to D. talking, at 分析：選A.?？疾楣潭ù钆?。stop doing 停止做

22、某事。Listen to someone固定搭配，聽某人講話。 （ ）2. We cant go _ the classroom without the teacher. A. in B. to C. into D. to in 分析：選C?？疾榻樵~用法。go into the classroom,進(jìn)入教室。（ ）3. _ we eat in the cafeteria? Yes, we _. A. Do, do B. Can, do C. Do, can D. Can, can 分析：選D。考查情態(tài)動詞can的用法。（ ）4. We have _ school uniforms in sch

23、ool. A. wear B. to wear C. wears D. wearing 分析：選B?？疾閔ave to的用法。（ ）5. Im going to _ for Teachers Day. A. buy a present at my teacher B. buy my teacher a present C. buy my teacher of a present D. buy a present of my teacher 分析：選B。本題考查動詞后面的雙賓語。 Buy my teacher a present /buy a present for my teacher（ ）6

24、. Tom has to wear sneakers _ gym class. A. to B. by C. for D. with 分析：選C?？疾榻樵~用法。（ ）7. You cant park your car _ in First Avenue. A. somewhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. no where 分析：選B?？疾椴欢ù~。Not anywhere 相當(dāng)于nowhere（ ）8. Dont _ loudly in the classroom. A. talk B. talks C. talking D. to talk 分析：選A。考查祈使句

25、的否定形式。Dont 后面接動詞原形。（ ）9. We are happy _ music in class. A. listen to B. to listen C. to listen to D. to listen to a 分析：選C?？疾楣潭ù钆浼懊~。Be happy to do ;listen to sth/sb;music不可數(shù)。（ ）10. We _ hang out after school, but our parents dont agree with us. A. can B. cant C. want D. want to 分析：選D。want to de 想要做某

26、事。（ ）11. _ you like watching TV at night? A. Do B. Dont C. Can D. Cant 分析：選A?？疾橐话阋蓡柧?。（ ）12. Tom, you _ finish your homework today. Tomorrow well be busy out. A. have to B. has to C. can D. cant 分析：選A?？疾閔ave to 的用法。（ ）13. There are _ rules here and there. A. too B. many too C. too many D. much 分析：選C。

27、考查too many+可數(shù)名次復(fù)數(shù)。（ ）14. Ann _ get home at five in the afternoon. A. have B. has C. have to D. has to 分析：選D。考查have to 的用法。（ ）15. _ TV too much is bad. A. Watch B. Watches C. Watching D. Watched 分析：選C。考查動名詞做主語。二、 完形填空My son Joey was born with club feet. The doctors said that with treatment he would b

28、e able to walk， but would never run very well. The first three years of his life was _1_ in hospital. By the time he was eight， you wouldnt know he has a problem when you saw him _2_.Children in our neighborhood always ran around _3_ their play， and Joey would jump and ran and play， _4_. We never to

29、ld him that he probably wouldnt be _5_ to run like the other children. So he didnt know.In _6_ grade he decided to join the school running team. Every day he trained. He ran more than any of the others， _7_ only the top seven runners would be chosen to run for the _8_. We didnt tell him he probably

30、would never make the team， so he didnt know.He ran four to five mile every day-even when he had a fever. I was _9_， so I went to _10_ him after school. I found him running _11_. I asked him how he felt. “Okay，” he said. He has two more miles to go. Yet he looked straight ahead and kept _12_.Two week

31、s later， the names of the team _13_ were out. Joey was number six on the list. Joey had _14_ the team. He was in seventh grade - the other six team members were all eighth graders. We never told him he couldnt do it so he didnt know. He just _15_ it.1. A. spent B. taken C. cost D. paid2. A. talk B.

32、sit C. study D. walk3. A. after B. before C. during D. till4. A. either B. too C. though D. yet5. A. able B. sorry C. glad D. afraid6. A. sixth B. seventh C. eighth D. ninth7. A. so B. if C. then D. because8. A. neighborhood B. family C. school D. grade9. A. excited B. tired C. pleased D. worried10.

33、 A. think about B. hear from C. agree with D. look for11. A. alone B. away C. almost D. already12. A. riding B. walking C. playing D. running13. A. jumpers B. runners C. doctors D. teachers14. A. got B. kept C. made D. found15. A. made B. played C. had D. took分析：文章講述了Joey一出生便被醫(yī)生認(rèn)定不能正常地跑動，但是Joey的父母一直

34、沒有把這個情況告訴他。因此Joey就在這種毫不知情的情況下，憑借著自身的努力，終于如愿以償?shù)厝脒x了校田徑隊。答案及講解：1. A.聯(lián)系此處的語境，再對照選項，可知這里應(yīng)是“他生命中的頭三年是在醫(yī)院里度過的”。spend有“花時間于，度過”的意思，并且spend還可做及物動詞，所以放在此處，不僅符合此處的語境，而且也符合此句的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。故答案選A.2. D.根據(jù)前文中The doctors said that with treatment he would be able to walk，可知醫(yī)生認(rèn)為作者的兒子在經(jīng)過治療后是能夠走路的。因此可推出此處是“在他8歲時，當(dāng)你看到他走路，你察覺不出他有

35、什么問題”。故答案選D.3. C.聯(lián)系此處的語境，再對照選項，可知這里應(yīng)是“鄰居家的孩子在他們做游戲時總是跑來跑去”。during的意思為“在期間”，放在此處符合此處的語境。故答案選C.4. B.前文提到醫(yī)生認(rèn)為作者的兒子將不能正常地跑動，而后文則提到作者沒有把這個情況告訴給他的兒子，因此Joey不知道。所以綜合前后文，可知此處是“Joey也跳、也跑、也玩?！薄９蚀鸢高xB.5. A.聯(lián)系此處的語境，再對照選項，可知這里應(yīng)是“他也許不能像其他的小朋友那樣能夠正常地跑動”。be able to do的意思為“能夠做事”，故答案選A.6. B.根據(jù)后文中“He was in seventh grad

36、e - the other six team members were all eighth graders”，可推知這里是“在七年級時他決定參加校田徑隊”。故答案選B.7. D.前文提到Joey每天堅持訓(xùn)練，而且練得比其他任何人都勤，后文則講述只有頂尖的七名選手能被選中，因此綜合前后文的內(nèi)容聯(lián)系，不難得出前后文之間形成了一個因果關(guān)系，即Joey每天刻苦訓(xùn)練是因為只有頂尖的七名選手能被選中。故答案選D.8. C.聯(lián)系此處的語境，再對照選項，可知這里應(yīng)是“只有頂尖的七名選手能被選中代表學(xué)校參賽”。故答案選C.9. D.這里提到Joey每天堅持跑45英里，即使在他發(fā)燒的時候也沒有中斷，而前文提到J

37、oey早在出生時就被醫(yī)生認(rèn)定是不能正常地跑動，所以根據(jù)邏輯思維，作者作為Joey的家長此時一定感到很擔(dān)心。故答案選D。10. D.根據(jù)前文綜述，再對照選項，可得出這里是在講述作者決定在Joey放學(xué)后來找他。故答案選D.11. D. 根據(jù)后文中He has two more miles to go，再對照選項，可推知此處是“我發(fā)現(xiàn)他已經(jīng)在跑了”。故答案選D.12. D. 聯(lián)系此處的語境，再對照選項，可知這里應(yīng)是“他徑直地看著前方，并且一直跑著”。故答案選D.13. B. 聯(lián)系此處的語境，再對照選項，可知這里應(yīng)是“兩周后，隊員名單被公布出來了”，再因為Joey選擇的是跑步運動，故答案選B.14.

38、C.根據(jù)前文中We didnt tell him he probably would never make the team，再對照選項，可推知此處應(yīng)填make，即根據(jù)前文中的相同或類似表述可得出。再因為make有“作為的一分子”的意思，放在此處，意思為Joey加入了田徑隊。故答案選C.15. D.根據(jù)前文中“We never told him he couldnt do it so he didnt know”，再結(jié)合Joey入選校田徑隊的事實，可推知此處要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是“他確實參加了”，即Joey是在一種毫不知情的情況下參加了田徑隊。take的意思有“參加，加入”，故答案選D.三、閱讀理解A

39、Most people who work in the office have a boss (老板). So do I (我也是). But my boss is a little unusual. What's unusual about him? It's a big dog. Many men have dogs, but few men bring their dogs to the office every day. My boss's dog. Robinson, is big and brown. My boss brings him to work e

40、very day. He takes the dog to meetings and he takes the dog to lunch. When there is telephone call for my boss, I always know if he is in the office. I only look under his desk. If I see something brown and hairy (毛絨絨的) under it, I know my boss is somewhere in the office. If there is no dog , I know

41、 my boss is out. （ ）1. People _bring dogs to the office. A. usually B. often C. seldom (幾乎不) D. sometimes （ ）2. My boss is Robinson's _. A. boss B. master C. classmate D. teacher （ ）3. Robinson goes to meetings _ my boss. A. for B. without C. instead of (代替) D. with （ ）4. Robinson is always unde

42、r the desk if the boss is _. A. in the office B. at meetings C. out of the office D. out of work （ ）5. The passage tells us the boss _ the dog very much. A. looks like B. hates (恨) C. likes D. trust(信任) B Play is a childs natural way to learn. Children try and practise new physical(身體的), mental(智力的)

43、 and social(社交的) skills through play. As a child grows, play gives the chance to show his feelings. Future learning is based on play. It is the way a child learns to concentrate, to imagine things, to think out new ideas, and to practice grown-up activities. Todays stacking and counting blocks(堆垛及計算

44、積木) is tomorrows moths and science lesson. Several afternoons of finger painting may open a young mind to creativity in the art. Before children begin to go to school, they become interested in playing with other children. Play then becomes a social experience. Games are an important part of playing

45、 with other children. Television can also be a teaching toy. However, television cant take the place of face-to-face play with people. It can do only when people watch television with the child and talk about the new ideas and words that the child sees. Play can help a child to imagine things. An or

46、dinary cardboard box becomes a spaceship or a kitchen stove(爐) through play. Children can discover the real world through their make-believe(虛假的) world of playthey enjoy copying the activities of grown-ups and older brothers and sisters.Play helps the progress of exercise and coordination(協(xié)調(diào)) for ch

47、ildren of all ages, from the baby kicking in the little bed to the baby who can just walk, and to the kid who can ride a tricycle(三輪車).( )6. Children try and practice new skills of _ through play. A. reading B. writing C. reading and writing D. getting on well with others( )7. If a child often _, it

48、 will help him with his math and science in the future. A. plays with blocks B. rides bicycle C. paints with a finger D. talks with others( )8. If _, television can be a teaching toy. A. the child watches TV with his friends B. the child talks about the new ideas and words that he sees with others C

49、. the child watches TV alone D. parents and their child watch TV together( )9. Children can discover the real world by _. A. drawing pictures B. copying the activities of older people C. watching television D. playing computer games( )10. According to the passage, the writer thinks _. A. parents sho

50、uld encourage their children to play B. grown-ups shouldnt play with children C. television can take the place of playing with people D. play helps the progress of exercise and coordination only for the babyC Cancer is among the top killer diseases in our society today and scientists have found out

51、that stress helps to bring it on. It is necessary to consider, therefore, what the causes of stress are in our lives, and whether we can do something about it. Do we have too many responsibilities(責(zé)任)? Do we have a right balance of work and relaxation in our lives? Are our relationships(關(guān)系) with family, friends or fellow workers all that they should be? All these things can be causes of stress, and it is best to face them honestly. People who have a good row(吵架) and then forget it are doing better than those who bottle up their feelings.If we want to lighten the stress, let us cons