譯林牛津八年級下冊-8B知識點梳理

1、牛津初中英語8B unitlunit8知識點歸納8B Unitl【考點精講】、核心詞匯1. past n 【考點點撥past作統(tǒng)詞，意為“過去”，其還可作介詞和形容詞，可用于如下情況：in the past (n.)在過 去：half past(prep.)five 5 點半：in the past(adj.)three years 在過去的 3 年里。如：When he walks past our desks. he always knocks ourbooks and pens off the desks當(dāng)他上過我們課桌的時候，他總是把我們的書本和鋼筆從課桌上碰掉下來。The boy f

2、inished his homework with the help of his father in the past.這個男孩過去是在他父親的幫助下完成作業(yè)的。2 present n 考點點撥present作名詞，意為“現(xiàn)在，目前”。At present=atihc moment=right now目前：其還可作形容 詞，your present job你目前的工作：present用作名詞，還可表示“禮物”，a birthday present -份生日禮物。 如：He is washing his clothes at present.現(xiàn)在他正在洗衣服。3. northern adj。考

3、點點撥方位詞：north-northern; west-western: south-southern; east-easterno 如:in the north of China = in the northern part of China在中國北部East China 華東：North China 華北The northern part of the city used to be sparsely populated. but has now become a cultural centre.城北過去人口稀少，但現(xiàn)在成了文化中心。4. pollution 1】.考點點撥常見短語:air

4、 pollution空氣污染:noise pollution噪音污染:light pollution光污染。如：I could hardly believe she had made a video about water pollution by herself.我?guī)缀醪荒芟嘈潘孔约褐谱髁艘环萦嘘P(guān)水污染的錄像。pollute作動詞，意為“污染”，pollute the air污染空氣。5. interview n &vt考點點撥interview作劍詞，意為“采訪，會見”，還可作動詞，意為“采訪，而試” ：interviewer作名 詞，意為“采訪者，面試官”。如：interview sb

5、 =have an interview with sb采訪某人Sally became a member of the company after the job interview.薩莉在求職而試后成為了這家公司的一員。I interviewed Mr Zhang yesterday afternoon=1 had an interview with Mr Zhang yesterday aftemoon.昨天下午我采訪了張先生。6. return v.考點點return作“返回”講時是不及物動詞，相當(dāng)于come/get back:作“歸還”講時是及物動詞，相肖于 givebackc ret

6、urn to someplace 回到某處：return sth to sb. =give sth. back to sb.把某物還給某人。return 本身 含有back的意思，不能再和back連用。如：他借了我的手機(jī)，還沒還給我。正:He borrowed my mobile phone and hasnt returned it to me誤：He borrowed my mobile phone and hasnt returned it back to me二、核心句型1 You used to share food with me!你過去常和我分享食物！考點點撥used to do

7、 sth過去常常做某事（現(xiàn)在不做了）： be used to do sth. = be used for doing sth是被動語 態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，意為被用來做某事” ：be used to doing sth意為“習(xí)慣于做某事”，其中to為介詞，后接名詞、 代詞或動名詞。如：I used to play tennis but I dont play it very often now.我過去常打網(wǎng)球，但現(xiàn)在不常打了。Stamps are used to post letters.=Stamps are used for posting letters.郵票是用來寄信的。I am used to g

8、oing to school by bus.我習(xí)慣于坐公交車去學(xué)校。2. When I got married in 1965. my wife and I moved two blocks away and weve lived in this area since then. 當(dāng)我1965年結(jié)婚時，我和妻子搬到兩個街區(qū)以外，從那以后一直住在這個地區(qū)?？键c點撥marry sb.嫁給/娶某人：get married結(jié)婚（動作）；be married to sb.與某人結(jié)婚（狀態(tài)）：getmarried to so.與某人結(jié)婚（動作）。如：They married their daughter

9、to an old rich man.他們把女兒嫁給了一位年老的富人。This couple have been married for 50 years.這對夫婦結(jié)婚已有50年了。3. Anyway, its good to see the amazing changes in the town.不管怎樣，看到小鎮(zhèn)這些令人吃驚的變化還是很好的?？键c點撥“Its+adj. （easy, important, bad, nice-）+ （for sb.） to do sth” 是英語中應(yīng)用非常廣泛的一個句 型，意為“（對某人來說）做某事是（容易的，重要的，壞的，好的）”。其中it是形式主語，無實

10、際 意義，真正的主語是后面的動詞不定式to dostho如：It is important for us to master a foreign language.掌握一門外語對我們來說很重要。三、重點語法現(xiàn)在完成時1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：助動詞have/has+動詞的過去分詞（1）表示過去發(fā)生的行為、動作或情況對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。時間副詞常用just（剛剛），already （已 經(jīng)）,still（仍然）,recently （最近）,yet （還、尚）,ever （曾經(jīng)）,never （從不）。其中 just, already 用 于肯左句；yet, ever, never常用于疑問句或否泄句

11、；still, recently可用于肯泄句、否左句或疑問句。如： Have you ever been to Hong Kong?你曾經(jīng)去過香港嗎？I havent got the letter from my uncle yet.*我還沒收到我叔叔的信。（2）表示從過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的行為、動作或情況。常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。for表示一段 時間，后接時間段.:since表示自從,后接時間點。（3）也常與so far（迄今為止），in the past several years（在過去幾年里），ever since （迄今），in/during/over the pa

12、st/last few years（在過去幾年里）這類從過去到 現(xiàn)在的時間狀語連用。在此類句子中，謂語動詞要用持續(xù)性動詞，而不能是短暫性動詞。如：The children have been away from home since the new term began.（木用 left）自從新學(xué)期開始，孩子們就已經(jīng)離開了家。2. 具體的幾組時間短語辨析ago用于一般過去時（用瞬間動詞）；since. . . ago用于現(xiàn)在完成時；in the past用于一般過去時：in the past few years用于現(xiàn)在完成時：just now澧于句末）用于一般過去時：just（置于句中）用于現(xiàn)

13、在左成時。如： I bought this dictionary three years ago.=1 have had this dictionary for three years.=1 have had this dictionary since three years ago.這本字典是我三年前買的。還可以用It is/has bccn+時間段+since從句”改寫為：It is three years since I bought this dictionary;【考點精練】一、單項選擇（）1. （2014.泰安）Can you find our citya lot in recen

14、t years?-Yes. The road is wider and the buildings are taller.A. has changedB changesC changedD. will change（）2. （2014.沈陽）Im not hungry because I havehad lunchA everB neverC just D still（）3. （2014.黔南）He came back late, so his father was very angry.（選岀與畫線部分意思相I司或相近的一項）A arrived B gave back C returned

15、D reached（）4. （2014.南充）She used toa bus to school, but now she is used toto school.A taking; walkB take; walkC taking; walkingD. take; walking（）5. （2014.平?jīng)觯㏒hefor ten years and now she has a lovely daughter.A. marriedB has been marriedC. got marriedD. has got married二、根據(jù)句意及中文提示完成單詞1 What was your ho

16、metown like in the （過去）？2. Do you know what you should do at （現(xiàn)在，目前）？3. I think there will be more （污染）in fifty years.三、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. （2014.常州）-Guo Taos new book about his stories with his son（come） out.-Really? Why not go to the bookshop and buy one right now?2. Yancheng is in the（north） part of J

17、iangsu.3. （2014.鎮(zhèn)江）Li Jianrou was（interview） shortly after she won the first gold medal for China in the 22ndWinter Olympic Games.4. It is necessary for us（listen） carefully in class【參考答案】一. 15 ACCDB二. 1. past. 2. present 3. pollution三. 1. has come 2. northern 3. interviewed 4. to listen8B Unit2【考點精

18、講】一、核心詞匯1 fantastic adj.考點點撥意為極好的,美妙的” o a fantastic beach 一片極好的海灘：a fantastic achievement 一項了不起 的成就：have a fantastic time=have a good/great/wonderful time 玩得開心。fantasy n. (pl. fantasies)幻想，想象 如：Stop living in a fantasy world別再生活在幻想世界中了。2. such det.& pron.考點點撥Isuch意為“這樣的(人或物)”,常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：such+a/an+adj.

19、+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。如：This is such a big house.這是一座如此大的房子。such+adj.+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如：They are such kind girls她們是如此好心的女孩such+adj.+不可數(shù)名詞。如：It is such sad music.它是如此悲傷的音樂。辨析SO常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：so+adj.+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。如：so clever a boy如此聰明的一個男孩so+adj. / adv.a 如：so clever如此聰明：so quickly如此迅速so many/mucli/few/Iittle+n.。女口：so many mistakes如

20、此多的錯誤3. couple n 考點點撥意為“兩人，兩件事物，幾個人”。aco叩lcof一對，幾個，幾件。如：I saw a couple of men get out我看見有兩個男人出去了。We went there a couple of years ago.我們幾年前去過那兒。二、核心句型1.1 dont think ifll be a holiday for me.我想這對我來說不會是個假期了?？键c點撥本句原為“I think it wont be a holiday for me.”這是一個“否定前移”的句子，主句中的否定詞實 際上否泄的是后而從句的內(nèi)容。在英語中，當(dāng)主句是I th

21、ink, I believe等時，英后的賓語如果是否左式，則 要把否左前移至主句，表達(dá)成“I dont (hink/bclicvc+肯定句”的句式。這是因為英美人士在表達(dá)個人觀點時 比較委婉。如：I dont think he is an honest boy.我認(rèn)為他不是個誠實的孩子。I dont believe that will happen 我相信那不會發(fā)生。2. It moved at high speed and was really exciting!它高速運(yùn)動，確實令人興奮！考點點撥at high speed以髙速，在句子中可以作狀語、表語等。如：The train is tr

22、avelling at high speed火車正髙速運(yùn)行。The car was at high speed when the accident happened.事故發(fā)生時那輛小汽車正處于高速運(yùn)行的狀態(tài)。3. Next, we hurried to a restaurant to have a quick meal.接下來，我們匆匆去了一家餐館吃了一頓簡餐?？键c點撥】hurry to someplace 匆忙趕到某處:hurry to do sth. =be in a hurry to do sth=do sth in a hurry 匆忙 做某事；in a hurry趕快，急忙。Tom

23、was still late though he hurried to school.雖然湯姆匆匆趕到學(xué)校，但還是遲到了。John is in a hurry to catch his train 約翰急著趕火車4. On the way, we met some Disney cartoon characters, such as Snow White and-Mickey Mouse在途中我們遇到了一些迪斯尼卡通人物，比如白雪公主和米老鼠?？键c點撥(1) on the way在途中，在路上。后而可以直接跟地點副詞homc/hcrc/thcrc,跟地點拿詞時名詞前要加介詞9。其中the也可以

24、換用形容詞性物主代詞。如：Lets wait a few moments. Hes on the way.咱們等一會兒，他正在路上。He lost his watch on his way to school this morning.今天早晨他在去學(xué)校的路上丟了手表。（2） such as例如，比如。一般用來列舉同類人或物中的幾個例子，插在被列舉的例子和被列舉的名詞之間， as后沒有逗號。如：He has been to many countries, such as America,Japan and Germany.他去過很多國家，比如美國、日本和徳國。such as后而不可以列出前而所

25、提過的所有東西。如：正:I know four languages, such as Japanese and English 我懂四種語言，如日語和英語。誤：I know four languages, such as Chinese, French, Japanese and English我懂四種語言，如漢語、法語、日語和英語。在現(xiàn)代英語中，such as可與etc.（等等）連用。如：They planted many flowers, such as roses,sunflowers, clc他們種了許多花，如玫瑰、向日葵等。辨析for example例如。一般只列舉同類人或物中的一個

26、為例，作插入語，不影響句子英他部分的語法關(guān) 系?？芍糜诰涫?、句中或句末。如：For example sleep, talk, wait, fly, lie, walk 等：短暫性動詞表示一個 動作發(fā)生在一瞬間 非常短暫，常見的有 begin start, finish, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to. enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen die 等。 延續(xù)性動詞和短暫性動詞都可用于完成時的句子中。但如果完成時句子中含有表示持續(xù)時間的

27、時間狀語， 則要用延續(xù)性動詞或相當(dāng)于延續(xù)性動詞的動詞短語作謂語。有些短暫性動詞也可轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性的表達(dá)方式。 如：finish/stop-have/has been over; borrow-have/lias kept;leaveiavc/has been away; buy-have/lias had;dielave/lias been dead: fall illlave/lias been ill;begin/start-have/has been on; catch a cold-have/has had a cold; marry-have/has been married; get

28、 married-havc/lias been married; arrive/come/go-have/lias been in/at;join-have/has been in 或 have/has been a member of【考點精練】一、單項選擇（）1.（2014.揚(yáng)州）-Where is Mr Wang?-He together with his studentsZhuynwan ParkA. has gone toB have gone toC. has been toD. have been to（）2. （2014.安徽）Rick has learned a lot ab

29、out Chinese culturehe came to ChinaA. beforeB when C until D since（）3. （2014. 涼山）Sheher hometown since she was 18 years old. She told me she would return soon.A has leftB has been away fromC leftD. went away（）4. The summer holiday is Well have more free timeA. in the wayB in this wayC by the wayD on

30、 the way二、根據(jù)句意及中文提示完成單詞1. （2014.宿遷）rm afraid to ride a roller coaster, especially when it moves at high （速度）.2. Youd better （匆忙，急忙）to your classroom. Ifs time for class.3. How dare you do （這樣）a thing?三、根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子1. 我認(rèn)為你在家自己教孩子并不明智。Ithink itwise for you to teach your children at home2. （2014.樂山）3-D打印

31、機(jī)能打印各種東西，比如汽車、飛機(jī)甚至人體某些部位，這很神奇。Its amazing that 3-D printing can copy many different things,cars, airplanes and even human bodyparts.【參考答案】一、14 ADBD二1. speed 2. hurry 3. such三.1. dont; is 2. such as8B Unit3【考點精講】一、核心詞匯1. receive vt.考點點撥receive是動詞，意為“收到.接到”，是指客觀、被動地接收：而accept是指主觀接受。如：I received a bunc

32、h of flowers yesterday, but I didnl accept it.昨天我收到一束花，但是我沒有接受。2. Asia n 考點點撥Asia是爼詞，意為“亞洲”。Asian作形容詞，意為亞洲的，亞洲人的”；作軻詞，意為亞 洲人” 類似詞有：Africa非洲-African非洲（人）的：非洲人Europe歐洲-European歐洲（人）的：歐洲人America美洲，美國-American美洲（人）的；美國（人）的：美洲人，美國人Australia澳大利亞-Australian澳大利亞（人）的；澳大利亞人Russia俄羅斯-Russian俄羅斯（人）的;俄羅斯人如：China

33、 is a developing country in Asia中國是亞洲的一個發(fā)展中國家。That man comes from Australia He is an Australian那名男子來自澳大利亞，他是澳大利亞人。3. southern adj 考點點撥southern是形容詞，意為“南方的，南部的”。對應(yīng)的名詞是south,意為“南方，南”。類似詞 有：cast東方，東-eastern東方的，東部的west西方,西-western西方的，西部的north北方I t-northe m北方的，北部的如：in the east/west/soutli/north of.=in the

34、 eastern / western/southcrii/northcrn part of-在東/西/南/北部Shanghai is in the east of China=Shanghai is in the eastern part of China上海在中國東部。4. imcrnational adj考點點撥international是形容詞，意為“國際的”。如：international charities 國際慈善機(jī)構(gòu)an international football match 一場國際足球比賽The Red Cross is a big international organi

35、zation紅十字會是一個大型的國際組織。nation名詞，意為“國家:民族：國民”。national形容詞，意為“民族的，國家的”。如:National Day 國慶節(jié)二、核心句型1 What do you usually use your computer for?你通常用你的電腦做什么？考點點撥What do you usually use your computer for?=What do you usually use your computer to do?What did you do that for? = Why did you do that?你為什么那么做？2.1 us

36、ually use it to search for information.我通常用它來搜索信息。考點點撥search for尋找：搜索。后而跟具體的客體，指搜尋的東西，即search for sth-如：The police are searching for the missing girl.警方正在搜尋那個失蹤的女孩。search搜索，搜查。后面跟某個地方或人，指的是搜索的客體的媒介。如：He searched all his pockets for his keys.他翻遍了所有的口袋找他的鑰匙。The police searched the room carefully, but

37、found nothing.警察們仔細(xì)搜査了房間，但是什么也沒發(fā)現(xiàn)。3. Have you noticed the “Tour icon at the top of the page?你注意到頁面頂端的“旅游”圖標(biāo)了嗎？考點點撥at the top of在上端（上部）,在頂端，側(cè)重于“點”的接觸。如：This one should be at the top of your list.這一項應(yīng)該在你列表的頂端。on （the） top of表示一個東西直接放在另一個東西上而（頂部），側(cè)重于“而”的接觸。如：Youd better put these books on the top of th

38、e desk.你最好把這些書放在桌子上而。反義短語：at the foot of在腳下:at the bottom of在底部。如：The village stands at the foot of the hill.那個村莊坐落在小山腳下。Fill in your address at the bottom of the application form.把你的地址填寫在申請表的底部。4. It has been famous for its theatres since the early twentieth century.自二十世紀(jì)初以來它就以它的劇院而聞名?？键c點撥be famous

39、 for因而出名/著名。如：Suzhou is famous for its beautiful scenery.蘇州以它的美景而聞名。Xuyi is famous for lobsters.吁胎因龍蝦而出名。5. Would you mind showing me how fo start this online tour?你介意給我演示一下如何開始這個在線旅游嗎？考點點撥Would you mind doing-?可用于客氣地請某人做某事。如：Would you mind opening the window. Kate?凱特，你介意開一下窗戶嗎？注意該句型的答語：Of course no

40、t.當(dāng)然不（介意）。No proble m 沒問題。Not at All. 兒也不（介意）。Sorry. I cant. Im busy. /My hands are full.抱歉，我不能。我正忙著。/我手里滿是東西。Would you mind not doing-?用于客氣地請某人不要做某事。如：Would you mind not shouting here?請您別在這兒大聲喧嘩好嗎？三、重點語法一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時都可以表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，但是在具體的語境中，它們有著明顯的 區(qū)別：1. 用法及強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容不同（1）一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生

41、的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，著重陳述過去發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀語，不涉及 現(xiàn)在的情況。如：I went to the park last Sunday.上周星期天我去了公園。（著重說明上周星期天我去公園”這件事，和現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。）（2）現(xiàn)在完成時常用于以下情況： 表示從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。此時常和since或for連用。女口：Li Ming has lived in Nanjing since his family moved there in 2000.自從2000年他家搬到南京，李明一直住在那兒。（著重說明李明住在南京是從他家搬到南京開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。）She has

42、been here for ten years.她已經(jīng)在這里十年了。（著重說明她在這里從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在十年了，而且還可能一直延續(xù)下去。） 表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。此時常和already, yet, ever, just, never等連用。如：I have had my breakfast already.我已經(jīng)吃過早飯了。（“吃早飯”這個動作是過去發(fā)生的，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響是“我飽了，我不餓”。）I have ever read this book我曾經(jīng)讀過這本書。（“讀過這本書”這個動作是過去發(fā)生的，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響是“我知道這本書的內(nèi)容”等

43、等。）2. 連用的時間狀語不同現(xiàn)在完成時跟模糊的過去時間狀語連用或不用時間狀語：一般過去時通常跟具體的過去時間狀語連用。常跟 現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語有:so far, in the past ten years, up to now, since.ago, for., already, yet, ever, never, before, recently, lately 等。常跟一般過去時連用的時間狀語：yesterday, last week, last year, last month, the day before yesterday, just now, in 1980 等，如：I

44、have learned about 2, 000 English words so far.到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了大約兩千個英語單詞。They learned 20 English words last week上周他們學(xué)了二十個英語單詞?！究键c精練】一、單項選擇()1.1a letter from my cousin Andy yesterday.A. get B came C received D accepted ()2. - Could I have a day off tomorrow, sir?A. Good idea!B Why not!C. What for?D. Thafs

45、 right.()3. The criminal(罪彳H)wasfood when the policemen caught himA. lookingB findingC. searchingD. searching for()4. Would you mindin the room please?B. dont smokeA. not smokeC. not smokingD. no smoking二、根據(jù)句意及中文提示完成單詞1. （2014.濟(jì)寧）1 plan to travel to several （歐洲）countries this summer vacation.2. On J

46、une 10th, 2014. the central government made up a project on the development in the （南部的）partof Xinjiang.3. Their school is on the （頂）of a hill.4. Huawei is a big （國際）company now.參考答案一.14 CCDC二.1. European 2. southern 3. top 4. international8B Unit4【考點精講】一.核心詞匯1. Germany n.考點點撥Germany名詞，意為“徳國”。German

47、作形容詞，意為“徳國（人）的”，作統(tǒng)詞，意為徳 國人” O常見的國家需稱和某國人的單復(fù)數(shù)形式：國家筑稱某國人單數(shù)某國人復(fù)數(shù)GermanyGermanGermansAmericaAmericanAmericansAustraliaAustralianAustraliansCanadaCanadianCanadiansFranceFrenchmanFrenchmenFrenchwomanEnglandChinaFrenchwomenEnglishmanEnglishwomanChineseJapanJapaneseEnglishmen Englishwomen ChineseJapanese法國人

48、、英國人復(fù)數(shù)形式是將a改為s而徳國人復(fù)數(shù)形式并不是將a改為c,中國人、日本人單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。2. stomach n.考點點撥stomach意為“腹部，胃，雖然是以ch結(jié)尾，但是由于“ch”是發(fā)/k/音，所以其復(fù)數(shù)形式是在 詞尾直接加“-S”。如：The stomachs of starving people often distend.饑民的腹部常鼓得大大的。3 either adv考點點either意為“也”，用于否左句，且要放在句末。如：Millie cant skate. I can, t either.米莉不會滑冰，我也不會。too作“也”講時，用于肯泄句末尾，或作為插入語放在句中，

49、前后用逗號隔開。如:Tom can swim. I can swim too.湯姆會游泳，我也會。You, too, may have a try.=You may have a try too.你也可以試一試。also在書面語中比too更為正式，用于肯泄句中。緊靠謂語動詞，位于be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞后，行為 動詞前。如：His uncle is also a policeman他叔叔也是一需警察。She is also reading a novel.她也在看小說。Sandy can also swim桑迪也會游泳。二、核心句型1. Have you decided what to do with these books. Hobo?霍波，你已經(jīng)決能要怎樣處理這些書了