人教版高中英語【選修八】[知識點整理及重點題型梳理]-Unit-3-Inventors-and-inventions語言點

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上人教版高中英語選修八知識點梳理重點題型（?？贾R點）鞏固練習(xí)Unit 3 Inventors and inventions語言點 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)重點詞匯distinguish, convenient, expectation, seize, valid, bear, tap, current, associate practical 重點短語now and then,set out (to do), set about, call up, hang on, get through, out of order, dive into, ring back/ ring off 重

2、點句型從when cooled說開來only引出的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)知識講解重點詞匯distinguish【原句回放】Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them. 這次我有機會來表現(xiàn)一下自己了，我要發(fā)明某種仁慈的東西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不會傷害它們。【點撥】distinguish vt.& vi. 辨別，區(qū)別；顯示.的差別；使.有所不同常用搭配：distinguish . from . 把.與.加以

3、區(qū)分distinguish between . and. 把.與.加以區(qū)分distinguish oneself 使自己與眾不同; 使自己揚名distinguish sb. by . 憑借.辨認(rèn)某人I can distinguish them at a distance. 我在遠(yuǎn)處能夠辨認(rèn)出他們。Can you distinguish between those two objects? 你能區(qū)分那兩個物體嗎？Speech distinguishes man from the animals. 說話的能力把人與動物區(qū)別開來。 The monitor distinguished himself

4、by his performance in the examination. 班長用自己的考試成績使自己出名了?！就卣埂縟istinguished adj. 卓越的，杰出的，著名的常用搭配： be distinguished for 因.而著名 Einstein was distinguished for his originality. 愛因斯坦以其獨創(chuàng)性著稱。convenient【原句回放】They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall. 它們突然就消失在附近的墻洞里了?！军c撥】convenient adj. 便利的

5、，方便的，就近的（convenient 的主語往往是物而不是人）常用搭配：be convenient to sb. 對某人來說很方便 be convenient for . 離.很近，對.來說方便It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事方便 Will 3 oclock be convenient for you? 3點鐘對你來說方便嗎？Im afraid this isnt a convenient moment to see you. 我想這個時候見你恐怕不大合適。Our house is very convenient for the shops.

6、 我們的房子離商店很近。 【拓展】convenience n. 方便，便利；便利設(shè)施常用搭配：at ones convenience 在某人方便的時候 for convenience 為了方便起見for the convenience of sb. = for ones convenience 為了某人方便起見expectation【原句回放】This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again. But monitored carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble and a

7、ll went according to plan. 這是因為我預(yù)料蛇還會再咬人。但是經(jīng)過仔細(xì)監(jiān)視，證明這些蛇不會惹麻煩，一切都按計劃進行著?！军c撥】expectation n. 預(yù)料，期待，期望 注意：expectation表示“期望、期待”，為不可數(shù)名詞；當(dāng)其意思為“期望的事物，前景”時，常用復(fù)數(shù)。常用搭配：beyond expectation 出乎意料（較預(yù)期的大或好） in expectation of 預(yù)料，期望，期待 against expectations 與預(yù)期相反He has little expectation of passing the exam. 他對考試及格不抱希望

8、。I usually enjoy his films, but the latest one didnt come up to my expectations.我向來喜歡看他的影片,但他最近的一部并不符合我的期望?！就卣埂縠xpect vt. 預(yù)料，預(yù)期；期望seize【原句回放】Pressed by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office.

9、 由于朋友和親戚的督促，我決定抓住這次機會把我的發(fā)明送到專利局去，請他們對我這個成功的想法給予認(rèn)可?！军c撥】seize vt. 抓住，捉??；（軍事）占領(lǐng)；（強烈的感情愿望等）突然影響或控制（某人）常用搭配：seize sth. from sb. 從某人那兒奪去某物 seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住時機seize hold of 抓住 She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住了我的手腕。 Panic seized us. 我們驚恐萬狀。Maggie seized the letter from her and began to read ou

10、t loud. 瑪吉從她手上把信搶過去，開始大聲朗讀。valid【原句回放】There are a large number of patent examiners, too, whose only job is to examine whether your claim is valid or not. (專利局)還有一大批審查人員，他們的唯一職責(zé)就是審查你的專利是否有效。【點撥】valid adj. 有效的，有根據(jù)的；正當(dāng)?shù)腨our return ticket is valid for three months. 你的返程票有效期是三個月。Oversleeping is not a val

11、id excuse for being late for school.睡過頭并不是上學(xué)遲到的正當(dāng)理由。Please provide a valid screen name. 請輸入有效的顯示名。bear【原句回放】I cant bear the smell of . 我忍受不了.的氣味?！军c撥】bear（bore, borne）vt. 忍受，忍耐，負(fù)擔(dān)；生產(chǎn)（農(nóng)作物等）常用搭配：cant bear doing /to do忍受不了做某事(bear doing 表示習(xí)慣性動作；bear to do sth. 表示一次具體動作) bear in mind 牢記在心I couldnt bear t

12、o listen any longer, so I left the room. 我不忍再聽下去了，就離開了房間。 She bore her sorrow without complaint. 她毫無怨言地忍受著悲痛。Will the ice on the lake bear your weight? 湖上的冰能承載你的體重嗎？You must bear in mind that your parents expect you to become a good doctor. 你要牢記在心你父母希望你成為一名好醫(yī)生?！就卣埂勘硎尽叭淌堋钡脑~和短語：stand/ tolerate/ put up

13、 with 忍受，容忍 cant have sb. doing sth. 不能忍受某人做某事 tap【原句回放】This original telegraph sent a message over distances using Morse code (a series of dots tapped out along a wire in a particular order). 這種原始的電報是在一段距離中用莫爾斯電碼傳遞信息（莫爾斯電碼是通過電線發(fā)出的以特定的次序敲擊的一連串點劃）。【點撥】tap vt.& vi. 輕打，輕拍，輕敲 n. 輕輕地敲擊(聲)；(水)龍頭常用搭配：t

14、ap at/on 輕敲.；輕拍.The secretary tapped out a telegraph message with ten seconds.秘書10秒鐘打出一份電報。They wont hear when you only tap on the door. Knock harder!你只是輕拍門他們聽不見。使勁敲！current【原句回放】If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current, they could be sent along a wire. 如果聲波能夠以連續(xù)運動的電流形式復(fù)制的話，

15、那么聲波就可以沿著導(dǎo)線傳送出去了。【點撥】current n. （水或氣）流，電流；趨勢 She had to swim against the current. 她必須逆著水流往上游。We had better go with the current of the times. 我們最好跟上時代的潮流。Newspapers influence the current of thought. 報紙影響人們思維的方向?！就卣埂縞urrent adj. 現(xiàn)時的，當(dāng)今的；流通的，通用的currency n. 通貨, 貨幣；通用，流通 current English 當(dāng)代英語current money

16、通用的貨幣 This word is no longer in current use. 這個詞現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不用了。The German currency is among the strongest in the world. 德國貨幣是世界上最堅挺的貨幣之一。associate【原句回放】Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the qual

17、ity of everybodys life. 雖然人們常把他與電話的發(fā)明聯(lián)系在一起，但是他的確是一名永不停息的探索家，不斷尋求著改善人們生活質(zhì)量的途徑?！军c撥】associate vt. 聯(lián)想, 把聯(lián)想在一起; 和來往常用搭配：associate.with 與聯(lián)系She associated happiness with having money. 她把幸福和有錢聯(lián)想到一起。Her parents didnt like her associating with net friends. 她的父母不喜歡她和網(wǎng)友來往。In our minds the Spring Festival is ass

18、ociated with happy family reunions. 在我們心中，春節(jié)是和愉快的家庭團聚聯(lián)系在一起的?！就卣埂縜ssociate n. 同伴；伙伴He is one of my associates at the store. 他是我店里的一位同事。practical【原句回放】Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the

19、quality of everybodys life. 雖然人們常把他與電話的發(fā)明聯(lián)系在一起，但是他的確是一名永不停息的探索家，不斷尋求著改善人們生活質(zhì)量的途徑?！军c撥】practical adj. 實際的，實踐的, 可行的 He is very practical he can make or mend almost anything. 他很有實踐經(jīng)驗會制作或修理幾乎任何東西。We have to be practical and buy only what we can afford. 我們要實際一些，只買我們能買得起的東西?！就卣埂縫ractice / practise v. 練習(xí)，實踐

20、practice n. 實習(xí)；實踐，練習(xí) We must put our plans into practice. 我們必須把計劃付諸于實踐。You need more practice before you can play for our team. 你需要更多的練習(xí)才能進入我們隊。You wont become a good singer if you dont practice/ practise. 你不練習(xí)就成不了好歌手。重點短語【Unit 3 Inventors and inventions詞語精講】now and then【原句回放】Snakes come near the ho

21、use now and then, and they seem to have made their home here, not far from the walnut tree. 蛇時不時地爬到屋子附近，似乎是在屋子附近離胡桃樹不遠(yuǎn)的地方安家了?！军c撥】now and then 時而，偶爾地（= occasionally）Now and then she went upstairs to see if he was still asleep. 她時而上樓看看他是不是睡著了?！就卣埂縠very now and then 有時，時而，不時set out (to do)/ set aboutse

22、t out (to do)【原句回放】Bell never set out to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph. 貝爾并非一開始就想要發(fā)明電話的，他本來想設(shè)計的東西是多路電報?！军c撥】set out to do sth. 開始做某事He set out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part. 他著手粉刷整個房子，但是只完成了前面的部分?！就卣埂縮et out for 動身去某處 set ou

23、t 動身set about 【原句回放】I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them. 我著手研究蛇的習(xí)性，以便能找到最容易的方法捉住它們?！军c撥】set about doing sth. 著手,開始做（注意about是介詞，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞）He set about learning Chinese at age ten (=at the age of ten). 他十歲時開始學(xué)中文。She set about her housework straight after

24、breakfast. 吃完早飯后，她直接就開始做家務(wù)了。call up【原句回放】When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset. 我給住在鄉(xiāng)下的母親打電話的時候，她感到很心煩?！军c撥】call up 給()打電話（也可用call sb. up）；使回想起Forgive me so early to call up you please.請原諒我這么早就給您打電話。The sound of happy laughter called up memories o

25、f his childhood. 這種愉悅的笑聲喚起了他童年的回憶?！就卣埂颗ccall有關(guān)的詞組call on 拜訪（某人） call at 拜訪（某地） call for 要求（=ask for）call off 取消 call in 邀請，召集hang on【原句回放】Hang on, please. 請不要掛斷（電話）。【點撥】hang on （=hold on，表示“堅持某一狀態(tài)”，其中hang 掛著，on 表示持續(xù)地） 1. 握住不放He hung on until the rope broke. 他一直握住繩子不放，直到繩子斷了。2. 堅持 Although we are beat

26、en, we must hang on. 雖然我們被打敗了，我們一定要堅持。3. (電話)不掛斷 The line is busy；would you like to hang on? 線路正忙，你愿不愿意等一下呀？get through【原句回放】I cant get through. 我接不通（電話）?！军c撥】get through （through表示“from beginning to end”，強調(diào)動作的過程，或任務(wù)的困難）1. 穿過; 通過 The passage is too narrow for cars to get through. 這條通道太窄了，過不去。2. 讀完; (

27、使)理解; 消化I have a pile of papers to get through before the meeting. 會前我有一大堆文件要瀏覽消化呢。3. (用電話)接通某人I rang you several times but wasnt able to get through. 我給你打了幾次電話，但是沒有接通。4. 完成 I got through the novel in one evening. 我一晚上就完成了這本小說。5. 用完, 花光 He has got through all the money I lent him. 他已經(jīng)用光了我借給他的所有的錢。（此

28、句中g(shù)ot through =used up和ran out of）out of order【原句回放】Im sorry, but this phone is out of order. 對不起，電話出故障了?！军c撥】out of order 發(fā)生故障；次序顛倒；秩序混亂The vendor is out of order (=out of work) again.這臺自動售貨機又壞了。It was out of order for him to make such a tactless remark. 他說出這種粗魯?shù)脑捠遣徽５摹he b

29、oys room was out of order (=messy). 這個男孩兒的房間很亂?！就卣埂縪rder n. 順序，訂購，命令 in order 處于正常狀況，情況良好dive into【原句回放】Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods. 偶爾離開平坦的路去尋求困境。（離開常走的大道，潛入森林。）【點撥1】dive into迅速把手伸進；一心投入，潛入He dived into his pocket and took out a couple of coins. 他將手伸入口袋中取出幾枚硬幣。H

30、e dived into/ in the history of China. 他潛心研究中國歷史。The boy dived into the river from the bridge. 這個男孩從橋上跳入河中?！军c撥2】1. beaten track 踏平的路，一貫走的路 2. woods 原指“樹林”，此句中有“險境，困境”的意思。ring back/ ring off【原句回放】Can I ring back later? 我可以稍晚回電話？ I must ring off now because. 我必須掛電話了，因為.【點撥】ring back 回復(fù)電話ring off (= ha

31、ng off) 掛斷電話；停止講話Before I answered the telephone, he rang off我還沒來得及回答，他就掛斷了。Ill ring you back when I get the answer我知道答案時，會給你回電話?！就卣埂看螂娫挄r用的其它詞語：ring up/call up打電話給. hang on / hold the line別掛斷 ring round 四處打電話 answer the phone 接電話 get through 打通電話 dial 撥（號） extension （電話）分機 重點句型從when cooled說開來【原句回放】Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled. 在碗的內(nèi)壁和外壁之間有些膠狀物，冷卻后會凍結(jié)?！军c撥】when cooled 連詞+過去分詞，相當(dāng)于when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句：when it is cooled1. 狀語從句的省略（省略“主語+be”）需具備的條件：1）從句的謂語動詞中有be；2）主從句的主語一致或從句主語是it。2. 狀語從句的省略常用于五種從句：1）if, unless