托馬斯哈代介紹

1、Thomas Hardy(1840-1928)English poet and novelist, famous for his depictions of the imaginary country “Wessel”. Hardys works reflected his stoical pessimism and sense of tragedy in human life.10級級12班班 龐林驍羽龐林驍羽 何何林林 譚程程譚程程 王之宜王之宜 張文月張文月 李汶汶李汶汶 張舒微張舒微 張莉莎張莉莎Contents Brief Introduction Major Works Tess

2、of the DUrbervilles Born: 2 June 1840 Died: 11 January 1928 Occupation : architect writer (Naturalist, Novelist, Poet, and Short Story writer) a famous critical realistic writer the last important novelist of the Victorian age At the age of 16, he became apprenticed to a local architect, but he gave

3、 up architecture in 1874. Because of marriage, he began to write poems and novels, which idealized the rural life.Tess(1891) and Jude(1896) shocked British pruderies and Hardy was terribly abused for being “filthy”. Hardy announced in 1896 that Jude was his last novel, and turned with relief to the

4、writing of poetry. Hardys final years were full of honors. He died in 1928. Because most of Hardys novels take place in the partly-real, partly-dream county of Wessex (named after the Anglo-Saxon kingdom which existed in the area), his novels were called Wessex Novel(威塞克斯小說）. the evolution of Wessex

5、 the English society in the 19th century, love for his hometown , his individual philosophy. Hardys work as an architectvIn 1870, while on an architectural mission to restore the parish church in Cornwall, Hardy met and fell in love with Emma Lavinia Gifford, whom he married in 1874. Although he lat

6、er became estranged from his wife, who died in 1912, her death had a traumatic effect on him. After her death, Hardy made a trip to Cornwall to revisit places linked with their courtship, and his Poems 1912-13 reflect upon her passing.v In 1914, Hardy married his secretary Florence Emily Dugdale, wh

7、o was 39 years his junior. However, he remained preoccupied with his first wifes death and tried to overcome his remorse by writing poetry Emma Gifford : a woman of high social status. She had a very interesting personality and was always remember by visitors to the Hardy household. She died in 1912

8、.Thomas and Emma Hardy resided at Max Gate from 1884 onward. Desighed by Hardy himselfHardys nurse, companion and fan.In 1914, Hardy married his secretary Florence Emily Dugdale, who was 39 years his junior. Due to Florences care, Hardy could remain healthy and continue his writing career.v托馬斯哈代（184

9、01928）英國詩人、小說家。他是橫跨兩個世紀的作家，早期和中期的創(chuàng)作以小說為主，繼承和發(fā)揚了維多利亞時代的文學傳統(tǒng)；晚年以其出色的詩歌開拓了英國20世紀的文學。 哈代1840年6月2日生于英國西南部的一個小村莊，毗鄰多塞特郡大荒原，這里的自然環(huán)境日后成了哈代作品的主要背景。他的父親是石匠，但愛好音樂。父母都重視對哈代的文化教育。1856年哈代離開學校，給一名建筑師當學徒。1862年前往倫敦，任建筑繪圖員，并在倫敦大學進修語言，開始文學創(chuàng)作。 v哈代的文學生涯開始于詩歌，后因無緣發(fā)表，改事小說創(chuàng)作。他的第一部長篇小說計出無奈問世于1871年。成名作是他的第四部小說遠離塵囂（1874）。從此，他

10、放棄建筑職業(yè)，致力于小說創(chuàng)作。 哈代一生共發(fā)表了近20部長篇小說，其中最著名的當推德伯家的苔絲、無名的裘德、還鄉(xiāng)和卡斯特橋市長。詩8集，共918首，此外，還有許多以“威塞克斯故事”為總名的中短篇小說，以及長篇史詩劇列王。 哈代的作品反映了資本主義侵入英國農(nóng)村城鎮(zhèn)后所引起的社會經(jīng)濟、政治、道德、風俗等方面的深刻變化以及人民（尤其是婦女）的悲慘命運，揭露了資產(chǎn)階級道德、法律和宗教的虛偽性。他的作品承上啟下，既繼承了英國批判現(xiàn)實主義的優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)，也為20世紀的英國文學開拓了道路。 The 1st period: romantic and pastoral Masterpieces: Under the

11、 Green Tree Far from the Madding Crowd The 2nd period: the social tragedy of Wessex Masterpieces: The Return of the Native The Mayor of Casterbridge The 3rd period: the pessimistic fate of the villagers in Wessex Masterpieces: Tess of the DUrbervilles(1891) Jude the Obscure (1896)His Major WorksEarl

12、y works(描寫英國農(nóng)村的恬靜景象和明朗的田園生活 ) Under the Greenwood Tree (1872, the 1st novel of country life) 綠蔭下 A Pair of Blue Eyes )一雙湛藍的眼睛 (1873) Far from the Madding Crowd (1874, his 1st masterpiece) 遠離塵囂The turning point: The Return of the Native （1878）還鄉(xiāng)的出版確立了哈代作為重要作家的地位，也標志著作者開始轉(zhuǎn)向悲劇題材 The Mayor of Casterbrid

13、ge（1886） 卡斯特橋市長展示了一場性格悲劇 Short stories Alicias Diary (1887 ) A Tragedy Of Two Ambitions (1888) Poetry Wessex Poems and Other Verses (1898) Satires of Circumstance (1914) Drama The Dynasts (verse drama) His Major WorksHardy himself divided his novels into three groups:1)Novels of Character & Envi

14、ronment2)Novels of Romances & Fantasies3)Novels of Ingenuity 1.Novels of （性格與環(huán)境小說） The Poor Man and the Lady(1867, unpublished and lost) 窮漢與貴婦人 Under the Greenwood Tree(1872) 綠樹蔭下 Far from the Madding Crowd(1874) 遠離塵囂 The Mayor of Casterbridge(1886) 卡斯特橋市長 Tess of the dUrbervilles(1891) 德伯家的苔絲 J

15、ude the Obscure(1895) 無名的裘德 He explored tragic characters struggling against their passions & social circumstances & set his fictions in the semi-fictional land of Wessex where he grew up . This Class is about peoples pursuit to happiness and awareness of their dreams, reflecting the acute c

16、onflicts between people and the environment around them.（傳奇與幻想小說） A Pair of Blue Eyes(1873) 一雙藍眼睛 Two on a Tower(1882) 塔里的兩個人 The Well-Beloved(1897) (first published as a serial from 1892) 心愛的人 mainly talk about romantic love stories.（機巧和實驗小說 ） Desperate Remedies(1871)鋌而走險 The Hand of Ethelberta(187

17、6) 埃塞爾伯塔的婚姻 A Laodicean(1881) 冷漠的人Major worksUnder the Greenwood TreeFar from the Madding Crowd (1874)The Return of the Native (1878)Wessex Tales (1888) The Woodlanders (1887)The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886) nHardys two novels, Tess of the dUrbervilles (1891) and Jude the Obscure (1895) are his last

18、 long fiction works. The last novels challenged the sensibilities of Victorian readers with situations that ruffled many a Victorian feather: immoral sex, murder, illegitimate children, and the unmarried living together. Heated debate and criticism over these two books helped Hardy decide that he wo

19、uld rather write poetry. In fact, so stung was he by the criticism of his works that Hardy did not write another novel. Jude The ObscureHardys Jude The Obscure(1895) aroused even more debate. The story dramatized the conflict between carnal and spiritual life, tracing Jude Fawleys life from his boyh

20、ood to his early death. Jude marries Arabella, but deserts her. He falls in love with his cousin, hypersensitive Sue Bridehead, who marries the decaying schoolmaster, Phillotson, in a masochist fit. Jude and Sue obtain divorces, but their life together deteriorates under the pressure of poverty and

21、social disapproval. The eldest son of Jude and Arabella, a grotesque boy nicknamed Father Time, kills their children and himself. Broken by the loss, Sue goes back to Phillotson, and Jude returns to Arabella. Soon thereafter Jude dies, Tess of The DUrbervilles It came into conflict with Victorian mo

22、rality. It explored the dark side of his family connections in Berkshire. In the story the poor villager girl Tess Durbeyfield is seduced by the wealthy Alec DUberville. She becomes pregnant but the child dies in infancy. Tess finds work as a dairymaid on a farm and falls in love with Angel Clare, a

23、 clergymans son. They marry but when Tess tells Angel about her past, he hypocritically desert her. Tess becomes Alecs mistress. Angel returns from Brazil, repenting his harshness, but finds her living with Alec. Tess kills Alec in desperation, she is arrested and hanged. Tess of the DUrbervilles -

24、A Pure Woman a tragic life about one beautiful and pure girl after disgrace Tess (1891) came into conflict with Victorian morality one of the most influential works of Hardys, a great classic of English literature well received, but heavily criticizedMajor charactersTess Durbeyfield Tess Durbeyfield A fresh, cute country girl who looks markedly more mature than she is. Angel Clare Angel Clare Tesss husban